Class 12 Political Science Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Assam Board HS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia and select needs one.
Class 12 Political Science Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board HS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia Solutions for All Subjects, You can practice these here…
LONG ANSWER
Q.1. Do you think that the various countries in South Asia possess same kind of political systems? Justify your answer.
Ans : No, the various countries in South Asia do not have the same kind of political system. Despite many problems and limitations, Sri Lanka and India have successfully operated a democratic system. Pakistan and Bangladesh have experience both civilian and military rulers, with Bangladesh remaining a democracy in the post cold war period. Pakistan began the post cold war period. with successive democratic governments under Benzir Bhutto and Nawaz Shariff respectively. But it suffered a military coup in 1999 and has been run by a military regime since then. In 2006 Nepal established a democratic government. Bhutan is still a Monarchy but the king has initiated plans for its transition to multiparty democracy. The Maldives was a sultanate still 1968 when it was transformed into a republic with a presidential form of government.
Q.2. Mention the factors which have contributed to Pakistan’s failure in building a stable democracy.
Ans : Several factors have contributed to Pakistan’s failure in building a stable democracy.
These can be mention like :
(i) Social Dominance :- the social dominance of the military clergy and Landowning aristocracy has led to the frequent overthrow of elected Government and establishment of military government.
(ii) Conflict with India :- Pakistan’s conflict with India has made the pro military groups more powerful. these groups have often said that political parties and democracy in Pakistan are flowed, that Pakistan security should be harmed by selfish minded parties and Chaotic democracy and that the Army’s stay in power is therefore justified.
(iii) Lack of international support :- The lack of genuine International support for democratic rule in Pakistan is further encouraged the military to be continued its dominance. The United States and other Western countries have encouraged the military’s authoritarian rule in the past, for their own reasons.
(iv) Global Islam Terrorism :- As the western powers, assumed the threat of “Global Islamic Terrorism” and the apprehension that Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal might fall in the hands of these terrorist groups, The military regime in Pakistan has been seen as a protector of Western interest in West Asia and South Asia.
Q.3. Point out the reasons which led the people of East Pakistan for a liberation movement.
Ans : After Pakistan framed its first constitution, General Ayub Khan took over the administration of the country and soon got himself elected. He had to give office where there was popular dissatisfaction against his rule. This gave away the ever to a military take over once again under general Yahya Khan. During Yahya’s military rule Pakistan faced the Bangladesh crisis and after the war with India in 1971 East Pakistan broke away to emerge as an independent country called Bangladesh. After this an elected government under the leadership of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto came to power in Pakistan from 1971 to 1977.
Q.4. Mention two areas of both conflict and cooperation between India and Bangladesh.
Ans : Two areas of cooperation between India and Bangladesh:
(a) On Disaster management and Environmental areas the two states have cooperated regularly.
(b) Bangladesh is a part of India’s gaze east policy that wants to link up with South East Asia via Myanmar.
Two areas of disagreement between India and Bangladesh:
(a) The Indian government has been unhappy with Bangladesh’s Denial of illegal immigration to India.
(b) Conflict over sharing of the Ganga and Brahmaputra River waters.
Q.5. Point out the difficulties in the relationship between India and Sri Lanka.
Ans : The following are the two areas of conflict :
(i) About one million people of Indian origin have been living in Sri Lanka for generations. But the Government of Sri Lanka has provided citizenship only to about 34 thousand people. The rest are asked to go back to India. The peace keeping force of Indian army was sent to Sri Lanka .
(ii)Sometimes the fisherman of each other countries cross the border while catching the fishes. Many fishermen have been arrested killed due to crossing of the border unknowingly. This has also been the cause of conflict between the two countries.
Q.6. What are the basic reasons for the formation of SAARC ?
Ans : SAARC stands for South Asian association of Regional Cooperation. SAARC in a major regional initiative by the South Asian states to evolve corporation through multilateral means. The reason for which SAARC was established.
(i) To promote collective self Reliance.
(ii) Acceleration of economic growth in the region
(iii) Collaboration amongst member States on economic,social ,cultural and Technical scientific fronts.
(iv) Promotion of Regional Cooperation.
(v) Suppression of terrorism and smuggling.
Q.7. Examine Sri Lanka’s status in the present scenario ?
Ans : Sri Lanka has emerged as a Strong nation in recent time. Sri Lanka develops its on economic strongly. It has recorded high level of human development. It has maintained democracy successfully.
Q.8. How did India help Bangladesh to get its independence ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q.No.9 (Short type answer)
Q.9. Write a note on panchsheel ?
Ans: The panchsheel was formulated by late Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. It is main basis of India’s foreign policy.This principle is taken from the philosophy of Buddhism.
the panchsheel comprises five principled :
(i) peaceful coexistence.
(ii) non-aggression.
(iii) mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity.
(iv) non interference in each other’s territorial affairs.
(v) equality and mutual benefit.
Q.10. Write the points of difference between India and Nepal.
Ans : Indo_Nepal relationship has been discussed under two heading. They are :
(i) Issues of conflict :-
(a) In 1960’s and 1970’s, India and Nepal Saw a bitterness in their relationship .The Chinese aggression in 1962 brought a temporary than in bitterness. Under the pressure of the war and its outcome India had to relent in its sympathies for the democratic forces in Nepal and take prompt and effective steps to make up with the king.
(b) Indian government has often expressed displeasure at the warm relationship between Nepal and China and the Nepal government’s in action against and elements.
(c) The Maoist movement in Nepal is taken as a security threat by India has given rise to naxalite groups in various Indian states from Bihar in North to Andhra Pradesh in the south.
(ii) Issues of cooperation :-
(a) India and Nepal shares 1700 kms of completely open, geographical contiguous territory and therefore easily accessible border. Both countries have close religious and linguistic affinities and there has been a free flow of people and goods across the traditional boundaries. There are shared security concerns between the two.
(b) A Treaty of trade and commerce was signed by which relations between the two improved further. This Treaty gave the full and unrestricted sight of commercial transit of goods and manufactures through the territory and parts of India.
(c) With the Restoration of the democratic setup in Nepal, increased corporation through SAARC and Indian liberalisation of the economy after 1991, the relationship between the two improved.
Q.11. Write a note on Agra Summit of 2001.
Ans : Agra summit was historic Two_day Summit meeting between India and Pakistan which lasted from 14 to 16 July 2001. It was organised with the aim of resolving long-standing issues between India and Pakistan.
At this meeting a proposal was made to drastic reduction of nuclear arsenals, and other issues involving the Kashmir dispute, and cross_ border terrorism.However the negotiation broke down and the process was collapse and the Agra Treaty was never signed.
On 11 March 2001, the UN secretary-general Kofi Annan called upon both India and Pakistan to retain the spirit of the Lahore Declaration, saying that it required restraint, wisdom, and constructive steps from both sides. Finally, the framework for negotiations of the Agra Treaty began with talks in New Delhi between President Pervez Musharraf Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in July 2001.
After much diplomatic efforts, Agra Summit started aimed high hopes of resolving various disputes between the two countries including the five decades old Kashmir issue. Both sides started the Summit with hopefulness and in a spirit of good will; especially president Musharraf used the phrases “cautious optimism”, “flexibility” and “open mind” to describe his buoyant views for the summit. The Indian President, KR Narayanan, also promised to take “bold and innovative” measures and to discuss the “core issue” between the two countries.
Various rounds of one_to_one talks were held between president Musharraf and prime minister Vajpayee. On the first day a 90 minute one_ on_ one session was held at the two leaders discussed the Kashmir issue, cross border terrorism, nuclear risk reduction, release of prisoners of War, and commercial ties were discussed.
Their were High Hopes in Pakistan that both the leaders would arrive at an agreement and a joint statement or declaration would be made at the end of the Summit as the two leaders plunged into serious talks. Despite reservations from the Indian Government, president Musharraf also held to face-to-face meetings with the top Kashmiri leadership represented by the All parties Hurriyat conference.
| Sl. No. | CONTENTS |
| Unit 1 | PART – 1 |
| Chapter 1 | The Cold War Era |
| Chapter 2 | The End of Bipolarity |
| Chapter 3 | US Hegemony in World Politics |
| Chapter 4 | Alternative Centres Of Power |
| Chapter 5 | Contemporary South Asia |
| Chapter 6 | International Organisations |
| Chapter 7 | Security In The Contemporary World |
| Chapter 8 | Environment And Natural Resources |
| Chapter 9 | Globalisation |
| Unit 2 | PART – 2 |
| Chapter 1 | Era of One-Party Dominance |
| Chapter 2 | Challenges of Nation Building |
| Chapter 3 | Politics Of Planned Development |
| Chapter 4 | India’s External Relations |
| Chapter 5 | Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System |
| Chapter 6 | The Crisis of Democratic Order |
| Chapter 7 | Rise of Popular Movements |
| Chapter 8 | Regional Aspirations |
| Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in India Politics |
Q.12. ‘Military rule and democracy are the two sides of the same coin in Pakistan’ Explain ?
Ans : Pakistan’s rule since its inception was a mixture of both military rule and democracy. This can be proved with the following examples_
(i) Immediately after the implementation of Pakistan’s first constitution, General Ayub Khan took over the administration of the country and soon got himself elected. But there was a popular dissatisfaction against his rule which in turn gave way to a military dictatorship under General Yahya Khan.
(ii) After 1971 Indo_Pak War an elected government was formed under the leadership of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto but after six years the Bhutto government was removed by General Zia_ul_Haq in 1977.
But very soon General Zia faced pro_democracy movement from 1982 onwards and an elected democratic government was established once again in 1988 under the leadership of Benazir Bhutto.
(iii) This phase of elected democracy again halted and Benazir Bhutto was replaced by Nawaz Sharif.
(iv) Very soon army again stepped in Pakistan’s democracy in which Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was removed by General Pervez Musharraf in 1999.
(v) Later on in 2005 he got himself elected as the president and he continued his rule till 2009.
Thus, we can easily conclude that military rule and democracy are the two sides of the same coin.
Q.13. Write the factors that are responsible for Pakistan’s failure in building a stable democracy ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q.No.2 (Long Answer)
Q.14. Discuss the problems of sharing of river waters with Pakistan ?
Ans : Indian and Pakistan have problems of sharing river waters. Until 1960 they were locked in a fierce agreement over the issues of rivers of the Indus Basin. Eventually in 1960, with the help of the World Bank, India and Pakistan signed Indus Water Treaty which has survived to this day.
Q.15. “India is the single largest aid given country to Nepal” Prove the statement .
Ans : Yes, India and Nepal have special relationship regarding many issues:
(i) India and Nepal shares 17 kms of completely open, geographical continuous territory and therefore easily accessible border. Both countries have close religious and linguistic affinities and there has been a free flow of people and goods across the traditional boundaries. There are shared security concerns between the two.
(ii) With the Restoration of the democratic set up in Nepal, increased cooperation through SAARC and Indian liberalisation of the economy after 1991, the relationship between the two improved.
Q.16. Describe India’s role in SAARC.
Ans : Due to India’s size, rich natural resources and strong industrial base, it has played a major role in SAARC. India developed many international treaties along with SAARC and is the source of many of those ideas, e.g, biodiversity, climate change, ozone layer protection etc. These treaties were implemented by other nations, on the guidelines of India.India’s contribution to SAARC was significant when it’s representative were chosen as the chairpersons for two big events in SAARC, one was the agricultural programme and the other being the science and technology programme.
Delhi hosted meetings for the various programmes like environment (1992_97)and commerce (1998). The second summit was held in Bangalore in November 1986 and this was a major development for India. Another major step was that India hosted the eighth summit at New Delhi in 1995. The SAARC Development center was set up in India in 1974. Thus India’s contribution to SAARC cannot be undermined.
Q.17. Mention the issues taken up by SAARC recently ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q.NO.3 (Very Long Answer).
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