Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Rise of Popular Movements Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Assam Board HS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Rise of Popular Movements and select needs one.
Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Rise of Popular Movements
Also, you can read the AHSEC book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per AHSEC (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of AHSEC All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board HS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Rise of Popular Movements Solutions for All Subjects, You can practice these here…
Rise of Popular Movements
Unit -16
PART – 2
VERY SHORT ANSWER
Q. 1. In which state was the Chipko Movement began ?
Ans : In the early 1973, the Chipko Movement began in Uttarakhand.
Q. 2. Who was Namdeo Dharal ?
Ans : Namdeo Dharal is a famous Dalit Marathi Poet.
Q. 3. Name any one of the organisations of farmers ?
Ans : Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU) is one of the famous farmer’s associations.
Q. 4. Write the full form of NFF.
Ans : The full form of NFF is National Fish Workers forum.
Q. 5. In which district was the Anti-arrack’ movement started ?
Ans : The Anti-arrack movement was started in Andhra Pradesh.
Q. 6. Name the leader of Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA).
Ans : Medha Patkar was the leader of Narmada Bachao Andolan NBA).
Q. 7.Write the full form of MKSS ?
Ans : The filiform of MKSS. is Mazdoor Kishan Shakti Sangathan.
Q. 8. When did the right to information movement start ?
Ans : Right to information movement started in 1990, when a mass based organisation called MKSS in Rajasthan took the initiative in demanding records of famine relief work and accounts of labours.
Q. 9. What was the ideology of Dalit Panther ?
Ans : The ideology of Dalit Panther are to destroy the caste system.
Q. 10. Who is the leader of Bharatiya Kisan Union ?
Ans : Mahendra Singh Tikait is the leader of Bharatiya Kisan Union.
Q. 11. Mention one feature of Chipko Movement?
Ans : The Chipko Movement was an environmental movement which demanded that the local communities should have right for effective control over natural resources.
Q. 12. Which organisation started the movement for Right to Information ?
Ans : Right to information movement was started by Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS)
Q. 13. Which amendments granted reservation to women in political affairs ?
Ans : The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments have granted the reservation to women is political affairs.
Q. 14. In which year All India Kisan Sabha was established ?
Ans : All India.
Q. 15. What does POW stand for ?
Ans : POW stand for prisoner of war
Q.16. How many times the auctions in Enrolled district were postponed ?
Ans : The auctions in Enrolled district were postponed for seventeen (17) times.
Q.17. Say True or False :
(a) The trade union movement is related to some social conflicts.
Ans : False.
(b) Peasants movement is party based movement.
Ans : False.
(c) Voluntary organisation did not choose to remain outside party politics.
Ans : False.
(d) Dr. BR Ambedkar belonged to Dalit Communities ?
Ans : True.
(e) The constitution of India abolished the practice of untouchability.
Ans : True.
(f) Mr. Yudhveer Singh was the chief of the Bharatiya Kisan Union.
Ans : False.
(g) Women were the worst sufferers of the ill effects of alcohol.
Ans : True.
(h) Right to Information came into effect from June, 2005.
Ans : True.
(i) The Chipko movement was an environment to prevent cutting down of trees.
Ans : True
(j) The anti-arrack movement consider as a women’s movement. 2016
Ans : True.
Q. 18. In which year All India Kisan Sabha was established ?
Ans : In 1980.
Q. 19.Who is the leader of Bharatiya Kisan Union ?
Ans : Mahendra Singh Tikait.
Q. 20. To which State Shetkari Sanghatana Belongs ?
Ans : Maharashtra.
Q. 21. Who lead the Narmada Bachao Andolan ?
Ans : Medha Patkar.
Q. 22. When did farmer’s movement start in India ?
Ans : In 1970’s.
Q. 23. What is Chipko Movement ?
Ans : Environment movement,
Q. 24. What is Normada Bachao Andolan ?
Ans : Protest against construction of big dam on Narmada river.
25. Fill in the blanks :
(a) Chipko movement was started in___
Ans : Chameli district of Uttarakhand.
(b) Sardar Sarovar Dam is built on___river.
Ans : Narmada river.
(c) In 2004 RTI BIlI was passed by the Parliament and received Presidential assent in___
Ans : 2005.
SHORT ANSWER
Q. 1. Where and when Dalit Panthers were formed ?
Ans : In 1972, Maharastra a part of assertions for Dalit rights, Dalit Panthers, a militant organization of the Dalit youth was formed.
Q. 2. What was the main demand of Dalit Panthers ?
Ans : The main demand of Dalit Panther were :
(i) Effective implementation of policies of reservations.
(ii) Effective law to stop and end the atricuties and discrimination against dalits.
Q. 3. Why did the Chipko movement begin ?
Ans : Chipko Movement was an environmental movement which began because the forest department refused permission to the villagers to fell ash trees for making agricultural goods while they alloted the land to a sport manufacturer for commercial use. This enraged the villagers and thus started the agitation.
Q. 4. Who wrote the poem on Dalit? What does the poem signify ?
Ans : The poet on Dalit were written by Marathi Dalit poet Namdeo Dhaal. The poem signifies the anguish the Dalits continued to suffer after independence but also the hope of a better future as visioned by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.
Q. 5. What was the novel aspect of the Chipko movement ?
Ans : The novel aspect of Chipko Movement was to protect environment by preventing trees from being cut down. The movement opposed forest exploiting contact given to outsiders.
Q. 6. Why did the cash crop market face a crisis ?
Ans : The cash crops market faced a crisis due to the liberalisation programme of the government in the mid eighties.
Q. 7. Write the names of two organisations of farmers ?
Ans : The two famous organisation of farmers are shetkari sanghatana of Maharashtra and Rayata Sangha of Karnataka.
Q. 8. What is Sardar Sarovar Project ?
Ans : The Sardar Sarovar Project is a multi purpose mega scale dam which would ensure mater for various purposes and would benefit the huge areas of Gujrat and three adjoining states, in terms of availability of drinking water and for irrigation and so on.
Q. 9. What is Narmada Bachao Andolan ?
Ans : The Narmada Bachao Andolan headed by Medha Patkar is a sustained agitation for more than twenty years against the construction of big dams, to be constructed on the Narmada river and its tributaries. It opposed the dam projects because it would lead to the displacements of several lakhs of people.
Q. 11. Name some of the party based movements ?
Ans : Some party based movement are :
(i) The Anti caste Movement.
(ii) The kisan Sabhas and the trade union movement.
Q. 12. Which movement was emerging in south parallel to BKU in the north and why ?
Ans : Parallel to the BKU in the north the Anti Arrack Movement was developing in the south in the state of Andhra Pradesh. This movement was against the sale of arrack and the harmful effects of it on women.
Q. 13. What is meant by Popular Movement ?
Ans : Popular Movement are those movements which are a kind of new social movement or political movement where men and women agitated or protest for the assertion of certain right and demand.
Q. 14. Explain the party based and non-party based movement.
Ans : The party based movement had no formal participation in election. But they were linked with political parties as many individual and related organisation were closely linked with political parties. For Example – The Anti-caste movement, the kisan sabhas and the trade union movement.
The Non-party based movement refers to those movements which are led by voluntary organisations. Non-party based movements remain outside party politics. For example – Student Movement.
Q. 15. What do you know about Bharatiya Kisan Union ?
Ans : In 1980’s the Bharatiya Kisan Union was a leading farmer’s organisation. The Bharatiya Kisan Union led a very disciplined agitation of the farmers. The Union protested against the increasement of electricity rates. The Union demanded for increasing government support prices for sugarcane and wheat. The Union demanded supply of electricity at reasonable price. The Union also demanded waiving of repayments of loan to the farmers.
Q. 16. What issues did the Dalit Panthers address ?
Ans : Dalit Panthers a militant organization representing the Dalit youth was formed in 1972. Dalit Panthers fought against the perpetual Caste based inequalities and material injustices faced by Dalit people. Dalit Panthers demanded effective implementation of reservations and other constitutional guarantees of social justice. Dalit Panthers protested firmly the social oppression and violence against the Dalits.
Q. 17.Which movement was emerging in south parallel to BKU in the North and why ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No. 12. (Short Answer)
Q. 18. What issues did the Dalit Panthers address ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No. 16. (Short Answer)
Q. 19. What do you know about Bharatiya kisan union ?
Ans : Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU) was established in 1980. It was mainly active in Punjab and Uttarpradesh. It was led by Mahendra Singh Tikait.
Q. 20. What do you know about Adidharma Movement?
Ans : The Anti-arrack movement was mainly a woman’s movement participated and organized by woman of Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh.
Q. 21. List two demands put forward by BKU ?
Ans: Two demands of B.K.U. increasing the government support prices for sugarcane and wheat. Waiving of repayments of loan to farmers:
Q. 22. Write a note on women’s social status ?
Ans : Women social status in India are not as equal as with the men. The women suffered economic and social deprivation for many years. They were denied equal rights in social and economic sphere.
Q. 23. What was the Anti-Arrack Movement ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No. 7.
24. Fill in the blanks :
(a) A movement called__Protested against building of__dam on river Narmada.
Ans : Narmada Bachao Andolan, Big dam.
(b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar belonged to___
Ans : Dalit community.
(c) The constitution of India the practice of.
Ans : abolishes, untouchability.
(d) The Chipko movement was an to present cutting down of trees.
Ans : environment.
LONG ANSWER
Q.1. Why did Dalit Panthers resort to mass action ?
Ans : The Dalit Panthers resorted to mass action for the assertion of Dalit Rights and against discrimination like :
(i) Discrimination in case of water sharing which was denied to them even after so many years of independence.
(ii) Dalit women were dishonoured and abused and worst of all.
(iii) Dalits faced collective atrocities over minor, symbolic issues of caste pride.
(iv) Legal Mechanism proved inadequate to stop the economic and social oppression of Dalits.
Q. 2. List the demands put forward by BKU.
Ans : The BKU was one of the leading organisations in the farmers movement of the eighties.
The BKU demanded :
(i) Higher government floor prices for sugarcane and wheat.
(ii ) Abolition of restrictions on the inter-state movement of form produce.
(iii) Guaranteed supply of electricity at reasonable rates.
(iv) Waiving of repayments due to loans to farmers.
(v) The provision of a government pension for farmers.
Similar demands were made by other farmers organisations in the country. For example Shetkari Sanghatana of Maharashtra declared the farmers movement as a war of Bharat.
Q. 3. What were the demands for the Chipko movement ?
Ans : The Chipko Movement is a environmental Movement, which main demands are liked manner :
(i) No forest exploiting contracts should be given to outsiders.
(ii) Local communities should have effective control over natural resources like land, water and forest.
(iii) Government should provide low cost materials to small industries and ensure development of the region without disturbing the ecological balance.
(iv) The movement raises economic issues of landless forest workers and demands for guarantees of minimum wage.
Q. 4. Which strategy was used by Narmada Bachao Andolan to put forward its demands ?
Ans : The Narmada Bachao Andolan used very available democratic strategy to put forwarded its demand.
These are :
(i) Appeals to the judiciary.
(ii) Mobilisation of support at the international level.
(iii) Public rallies in support of the movement.
(iv) Revival of forms of satyagraha to convince people about the movements position.
Q. 5. What does NFF stands for ? How does fish worker’s life threatened in a big way.
Ans : NFF stands for National Fish Forum. The fish worker’s lives were threatened in a major way when the government permitted entry to mechanised trawlers and technologies like bottom trawling for large scale harvest of fish in the Indian seas.
Q. 6. Write short note on woman’s social status ?
Ans : The social status of women is very poor. They have to suffer in every step of life. They sacrifice their life in the development of their house, without any expectation. But during the decade of the eighties women’s movement started in different corners of the world increases the social status of women in society. These movement focused on issues like sexual violence against women, within the family and outside, campaign against the system of dowry and demanded personal and property laws based on the norms of gender equality.’
Q. 7. Describe the main objective (Minimum 4 points) of the National Policy of Empowerment of women 2001.
Ans : The main objective points of the National policy of empowerment of women 2001 are :
(i) One third reservations of seats in legislatures.
(ii) To improve the working conditions of woman.
(iii) To ensure human rights and stop its abuse.
(iv) To ensure gender equality.
Q. 8. Examine the demand for reservations of seats in parliament and state legislatures as a mechanism for empowerment of women.
Ans : The demand for reservation of seats in the parliament and state legislatures was put forward by the thought of empowerment of women like it had done in the local village bodies and municipal corporations, But the demand for this amendment to empower women in the parliament and State Legislative Assemblies have not been successful till now because the bill has not received enough support from the parliament yet. Main opposition to the bill has come from groups, including some women’s group, who are insisting on a separate quota for Dalit and OBC women within the proposed women’s quota in higher political offices.
Q. 9. Write the economic issues that raised by BKU ?
Ans: The BKU was one of the leading organisations in the farmers movement of the eighties. The BKU demanded some economic issues like – higher government floor prices for sugarcane and wheat, waiving of repayments due to loans to farmers, provision of a government pension for farmers. They were also against liberalisation of Indian agriculture.
10. Which of these statements are incorrect the Chipko Movement.
(a) was an environmental movement to prevent cutting down of trees.
(b) raised questions of ecological and economic exploitation.
(c) was a movement alcoholism started by the women.
(d) demanded that local communities should have central over their natural resources.
Ans : (c) was a movement alcoholism started by the women.
Q.11. Identify the reasons which led to the Chipko Movement in P in early 1970s. What was the impact of this movement ?
Ans : The forest department refused permission to the villagers of Uttar pradesh to fell ash trees for making agricultural tools. But the forest department gave permission to a sports manufacturer to fell ash trees for commercial purposes. The villagers protested against this action of forest department.
This protest spread across many parts of Uttarakhand region of Uttar Pradesh. This is known as Chipko Movement.
This movement had great impact. The government banned the felling of trees for fifteen years. The Chipko Movement became a symbol of many popular Social Movement in India. This movement inspired people raise voices against injustice and exploitation.
Q. 12. Would you consider the anti-arrack movement as a women’s movement ? Why ?
Ans : Yes. The anti-arrack movement was definitely a women’s movement. It is because of the fact that women in district Nellore came together to protest against the sale of arrack and closure of wine shops. When the news spread women of about 5000 villages got inspired and met together prohibition and sent them to the District collector. As a result, the arrack auctions in Nellore district were postponed 17 times. later on, this movement slowly spread all over the state.
Q. 13. What issues did the Dalit Panthers address ?
Ans : Dalit Panthers a militant organization representing the Dalit youth was formed in 1972. Dalit Panthers fought against the perpetual Caste based inequalities and material injustices faced by Dalit people. Dalit Panthers demanded effective implementation of reservations and other constitutional guarantees of social justice. Dalit Panthers protested firmly the social oppression and violence against the Dalits.
Q. 14. Write the main recommendations of Mandal Commission ?
Ans : The Mandal Commission recommended that backward classes should be understood to mean “backward castes”. It suggested 27% reservation of seats in educational institutions and government jobs for these groups. The commission also recommended for land reforms to improve the condition of OBC’S.
Q. 15. What were the demands of the Chipko Movement ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No. 3. (Long Answer)
Q. 16. Stress light on the nature of non-party political formations ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No. 6. (Very Long Answer)
Q. 17. In what ways social movements raised various issues about the model of economic development of India at the time of independent:
Ans : Social movements raised various issues about the model of economic development that India had adopted at the time of independence such as:
(i) Chipko Movement brought out the issues of ecological depletion.
(ii) The Bharatiya Kisan Union farmers organization complained against the neglect of agricultural sector.
(iii) Dalits led their struggle against the social and economic exploitation and deprivation
(iv) Anti-Arrack movement focussed on the negative fallouts of what was considered development.
(v) Displacement caused by large development projects like Sardar Sarovar Project and Narmada Bachao Andolan.
Q. 18. Identify the reasons which led to the Chipko Movement UP in early 1970s. What was the impact of this movement ?
Ans : The forest department refused permission to the villagers of Uttar Pradesh to fell ash trees for making agriculture tools. But the forest department gave permission to a sports manufacturer to fell ash trees for commercial purposes. The villagers protested against this action of forest department. This protest spread across many parts of Uttarakhand region of Uttar Pradesh.
This movements had great impact. The government banned the felling of trees for fifteen years. The Chipko movement became a symbol of many popular Social movements in India. This movements inspired people to raise voices against injustice and exploitation.
| Sl. No. | CONTENTS |
| Unit 1 | PART – 1 |
| Chapter 1 | The Cold War Era |
| Chapter 2 | The End of Bipolarity |
| Chapter 3 | US Hegemony in World Politics |
| Chapter 4 | Alternative Centres Of Power |
| Chapter 5 | Contemporary South Asia |
| Chapter 6 | International Organisations |
| Chapter 7 | Security In The Contemporary World |
| Chapter 8 | Environment And Natural Resources |
| Chapter 9 | Globalisation |
| Unit 2 | PART – 2 |
| Chapter 1 | Era of One-Party Dominance |
| Chapter 2 | Challenges of Nation Building |
| Chapter 3 | Politics Of Planned Development |
| Chapter 4 | India’s External Relations |
| Chapter 5 | Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System |
| Chapter 6 | The Crisis of Democratic Order |
| Chapter 7 | Rise of Popular Movements |
| Chapter 8 | Regional Aspirations |
| Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in India Politics |
Q. 19. How do public or social movement in India, strengthen democracy ? What are their limitations ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No. 4. (Very Long Answer)
Q. 15. Who were Namdev and Dhale ? Write few lines about ‘class struggle.
Ans : Dalit Panther is a social organization, founded by Namdev Dharal in April 1972 in Mumbai. Later on many dalit activists joined this organization. But the Namdev Dharal, Raja Dhale and Arun Kamble were the original leaders of Dalit Panther, which saw its heyday in 1970s and through the 80s.
Raja Dhale, a fine writer and poet, ran a newsletter using new methods. Its name was ‘Vidroh’ (rebellion). In ‘Vidroh’, his articles, poems, thought provoking and shocking caricatures shot to fame. Namdev had slowly started gaining fame as a poet.
In 1972, a small news item appeared in ‘Nava Kaal’. Leading Dalit writers were about to come together in a classroom to discuss the ineffective leadership in the Republican Party and find an alternative answer to it.
Litterateurs like Raja Dhale, J V Pawar, Namdeo Dhasal, Avinash Mahatekar, Latif Khatik as well as Baburao Bagul and Bhai Sangare were going to attend the discussion. The approved agenda of discussion was the then Republican Party ‘s submissive stand on the question of Dalits and their leadership wagging its tail before the Congress Party.
Raja Dhale, a fine writer and poet, ran a newsletter using new methods. Its name was ‘Vidroh’ (rebellion). In ‘Vidroh’, his articles, poems, thought provoking and shocking caricatures shot to fame. Namdev had slowly started gaining fame as a poet.
The atrocities committed against Dalits across the country and in Maharashtra at the time were the root of all these movements and the RPI, Congress, poets and others in Opposition were not ready to take any concrete measures to stand up against oppression. It is then the assembled members decided to form an organisation for self-defence and to take on the dominance of the Brahminical ideology. The movement was to be on the lines of the Black Panther movement that challenged the supremacy of the whites.
The Dalit Panther. What was surprising is that even earlier, to a certain extent, ‘shudras’ were described as Dalits. But this time, the word Dalit was used with a broader perspective. Everyone had taken notice of the organisation and this was the first leap of the Dalit Panther. The founders were grappling with humble lifestyles or abject poverty. Rebellion was in the voice. But they executed it in their actions.
The country had completed 25 years of independence and then, in 1972, Raja Dhale wrote a fiery piece in ‘Sadhana’, a weekly. In a country where the poor could not live, in Kilvenmani (Tamil Nadu) where 42 landless farmers were killed by landlords and in several villages in Maharashtra where women were paraded naked, Dhale’s article gained popularity as an expression of anger against atrocities.
The article questioned the sanctity of the tricolour in a country that could not protect the dignity of Dálit women. The article caused an earthquake, especially among the youth and progressive thinkers of the time. Namdev Dhasál lived then in a red light area in Mumbai, and like him Dalits were forced to live in ostracised settlements outside the city. His father was a butcher by profession and brought home a measly daily wage and the leftovers of mutton and kheema.
That is how Namdev’s Golpitha was born. Most Dalit writers, and poets lived in slums and settlements from Matunga labour.camp, to Mazgaon Khadda, Saat Rasta, BDD chawls etc. At such a time, those taking pride in the 25 years of Independence were shocked by Dale’s unhappy reactions to the tri-colour.
VERY LONG ANSWER
Q.1. Why did the Narmada Bachao Andolan oppose the dam projects in the Narmada Valley ?
Ans : Narmada Bachao Aandolan, a movement to save Narmada, opposed the construction of the mega dams and questioned the nature of ongoing developmental projects in the country. The NBA opposed the dam projects in the Narmada valley because of following reason :
(i) It would destroy the ecological habitual of that particular area.
(ii) The project would lead to large scale displacement of people around that belt.
(iii) There would be a serious loss of their livelihood and cultural and depletion of ecological resources.
(iv) There would be social implications of this project like the social cost of rehabilitation of the project affected people.
(v) The NBA opposed the dam project also because it saw that in the name of national development, few people had to sacrifice.
Q. 2. Do movements, protests in a country strengthen democracy? Justify your answer with example.
Ans : The movement and protest can strengthen
democracy in a positive way. The movement and protest represent popular discontent and dissatisfaction. Various new social groups like women, students, Dalits and farmers could express their grievances against the government in 1970’s through movements and protests.
The movement and protest focus on the issues of economic injustice, social injustice and inequality. The movement and protest are important part of democratic exercise. The movement and protest have broadened the scope of participation of common people into the democratic politics. The movements and protest provide a channel of communication between government and mass people.
Q. 3. Write an essay on women’s Movement.
Ans : Women in India had done a tremendous job in organising social movements. They are individual part of each and every popular movement. For example in Chipko Movement the women also take part a lot with men by hugging the trees to prevent them from being cut down. The forest contractors of the region usually doubled up as suppliers of alcohol to men. Women held sustained agitations against the habit of alcoholism and broadened the agenda of the movement to cover other social issues. Again, the role of women in anti-arrack movement cannot be denied. The women spread this movement initially in Andhra Pradesh and later on to the whole country. It also touched other important issues.
Q. 4. How do public or social movements in India, strengthen democracy ? What are their limitations ?
Ans : Public or social movements in India strong then Indian Democracy making people aware of their rights and this in turn leads to expansion in democratic institution of the country. These movement came up to rectify some problems in the functioning of party politics and should be seen as integral part of our democratic politics.
They represented new social groups whose economic and social grievances were not redressed in the realm of electoral politics. Public or social movements ensured effective representation of diverse groups and their demands.However critics pointed some limitation of these movement.
These can be mentioned like :
(i) The real life impact of there movement on the public policies seems to be very limited. This is partly because more of the contemporary movements forms on a single issue and represent the interest of one section of society. Thus it becomes possible to ignore their reasonable demands.
(ii) Democratic politics requires a broad alliance of various disadvantaged social groups. Such an alliance does not seem to be shaping under the leadership of these movements.
(iii) Political parties are required to bring together different sectional interests, but they also seem to be unable to do so. Parties do not seem to be taking up issues of marginal social groups. The movements that take up these issues operate in a very restrictive manner.
(iv) The relationship between social movements and political parties has grown maker over the years, creating a vacuum in politics, which is regarded as a major problem of Indian polities. Thus social Movement suffer from various negative characteristics or limitations which prevent the movement to become relevant for the oppressed and the poor people.
Q. 5. What was Narmada Bachao Andolan? What was the criticism against it.
Ans : The Narmada Bachao Andolan was a type of social movement headed by Medha Patkar which sustained agitation for more than twenty years against the construction of big dams, to be constructed on the Narmada river and its tributaries. It opposed the dam projects because it would lead to the displacement of several lakhs of people. It raised the issues about the relocation and rehabilitation of project affected people. But NBA also not free from criticism. Many criticism can be cited against NBA.
These are like :
(i) It was criticised by many as abstracting the process of development.
(ii) It was criticised on the point that it denied the access of water.
(iii) It is said to have been hindering the nation’s economic development and by doing this, it was hampering many to become developed.
(iv) It stands as a obstacle in many more subsidiary benefits like effective flood and drought control in the region were linked it.
Q.6. Mention main features of Non-Political Movements ?
Ans : Non party political movements are the voluntary organisations with constructive programmes among rural poor. Main features of non-political movement are :
(i) These organisations chose to remain outside party politics.
(ii) They did not contest elections at the local or regional level nor did they support any one political party.
(iii) Most of these groups believed in politics and wanted to participate in it, but not through political parties.
(iv) These movement hoped that direct participation by people will reform the nature of democratic government.
(v) Non-party political movements also hoped that direct and active participation by local groups of citizens would be more effective in resolving local issues than the political parties.
(vi) In recent times, they have been funded by external agencies, due to this local initiative have wakened as a result of large scale funding.Such non-party political movement still continue their work in rural and urban areas.
Q. 7. The Anti-Arrack Movement in Andhra Pradesh drew attention of the country to some serious issues. What are these issues ?
Ans : Anti-arrack movement refers to movement led by rural women in Andhra Pradesh. The rural women fought against the alcoholism. They led a movement against government and against the mafias. This was known as anti-arrack movement. This movement was able to creat an awareness against the alcoholism specially among the women section of the rural society in Andhra Pradesh. The women in the villages united can came together in spontaneously to protest against arrack. They took initiative to forcefully close the wine shop. The women openly discussed various issues which they faced because of alcoholism. They also discussed about the issues of domestic violence, the practice of dowry, sexual abuse etc. This movement led to a realisation that women are facing injustice and exploitation. Thus, this movement led to the increasing awareness about the issues affecting the women.
Q. 8. What do you understand by social movement? Distinguish between social movement and political movement.
Ans : Social movements are directed towards the achievement of dance specific goals. Such movements are organised to bring some changes or to protest against some wrong policy of government. It often arises with the aim of bringing about changes on a public issue. Most of the social movements emerged as a corrective to new social maladies like environment degradation, violation of status of women destruction of tribal cultures and violation of human rights. Social Movement and Political Movement are differ from each other.
Their differences can be mentioned like following :
(i) Social Movements are basically non-institutional, deliberate and collective effort to express various demands on the issues of economic and social injustices.
Political Movement are basically referred to party movement which aim to bring political change.
(ii) Social Movement aims to bringing changes in the society whereas political movements have got political backing and tries to bring some change.
(iii) The basic aim of a political movement is to transform the society which can ensure equality, justice and development.
Q. 9. Write few lines about Farmers and Peasants groups. Describe their role in India.
Ans : Formers Movements have taken place since pre-colonial days. Between 1914-1958 these movements more localised. The Bardoli Satyagraha (1928), All India Kisan Sabha (1928) Tebhaga Movement (1946-47), Telangana Movement (1946-47) etc. were some popular peasant movement. Those Movements demanded land reformer, zamindari abolition, public-credit system facilities for laws and irrigation to farmers.
At times these movements were even violent. Farmers used method like blocking of road and railways, refusing politicians and bureaucracy entry to villages etc. to protect. One such movement was also organised by Bharatiya Kisan Union led by Mahendra Singh.Tikait. Agrarian struggles of the 1980’s was a well organised protest against the state.
Q. 10. What were the economic issues raised by the B.K.U ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No.15. (Short Answer)
Q. 11. “What do you mean by B.K.U ? What were their main demands? Which activities did they adopt for success ?
Ans: B.K.U.means Bharatiya Kisan Union. It was established in 1980’s to protect the interest of the farmers.
The main demands of Bharatiya Kisan Union:
(i) Higher government floor price for sugarcane and wheat.
(ii) Abolition of restrictions on the interstate movement of furm product.
(iii)Guaranteed supply of electricity at reasonable costs.
(iv) Waiving of repayments due to loans to farmers:
(v) The provision of a government pension for farmers.
Q. 12. What is Feminism? Discuss its main features.
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No. 3. (Very Long Answer)
Q. 13. Distinguish between Social Movement and Political Movement ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No. 8. (Long Answer)
Q. 14. Write an essay on Farmers or Peasant Movement in India ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No. 9. (Long Answer)
Q. 15. Explain briefly about Adidharma Movement.
Ans : Adidharma Movement started in 1925 perceived its first aim to be the creation of a new religion. The basic ideological theme which spurred the movement was to build a system of religious ideals and symbols. In fact it was not the creation but the realisation that their religion and their community existed since times immemorial. Now the emphasis was upon distinctiveness from Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs.
At the time of the Movement’s inception, Master Gurbanta Singh, belonging to a village in Jalandhar District, was just eighteen years old. Mangoo Ram who was the main inspirational force came from a village in Hoshiarpur District. Under his guidance, the basic manifesto of the Movement was prepared. The manifests clearly stated:
“We are the original people of this country, and our religion is Ad Dharm. The Hindu qaum came from outside and enslaved us. When the original sound from the conch was sounded, all the brothers came together-chamar, chuhra, sainsi, bhanjre, bhil, all the Untouchables-to make their problems known. Brothers, there are seventy million of us 31 listed as Hindus, separate us, and make us free. We trusted the Hindus, but they turned out to be traitors. Brothers, the time has come: wake up, the government is listening to our cries. Centuries have passed, but we were asleep, brothers.
Look at the lines that Manu has written, but he is a murderer, There was a time when we ruled India, brothers, and the land used to be ours. The Hindus came from Iran and destroyed out qaum. They became the owners, and them called us foreigners, disinheriting seventy million people. They turned us into nomads. They destroyed our history, brothers. The Hindus rewrote our history, brothers. There is hope from God (bhagwan) and help from the king. Send members to the councils and start the qaum anew, brothers. Come together to form a better life”.
Analysing the manifesto, Jeurgensmeyer writes that this was a myth of power addressed to a people without power. It was intended to communicate the sense of strength that Mango Ram felt belonged to his caste fellows by right. As he explained, partly stating a fact, partly expressing a hope, “The Untouchables have three powers: communal pride(qaumiat), religion (mazhab), and organization (majlis)”. The Ad Dharm leaders had hoped that these powers could be fostered and sheltered through force of ideology. They endeavored to convince their followers that they were part of a great qaum, and not simply village Chamars, by projecting a mythical past. In so doing they borrowed from other Adi”movements of the early 1920s the idea that untouchables were the original people of India.
It was heartening to note that the persons who gave leadership to the Ad Dharm Movement were all literate. Though they were not highly educated, yet most of them were teachers in the schools, hence honourable figures. Master Gurbanta Singh was one them who started his career as a school master in an Arya School at Jalandhar. He came into contact with Mangoo Ram quite early and joined the hand wagon of Ad Dharm is not as a follower but as a leader which his education warranted. The educated leaders of the movement studied and analysed the existing situation and carefully charted the independent course of action.
Hi, I’m Dev Kirtonia, Founder & CEO of Dev Library. A website that provides all SCERT, NCERT 3 to 12, and BA, B.com, B.Sc, and Computer Science with Post Graduate Notes & Suggestions, Novel, eBooks, Biography, Quotes, Study Materials, and more.
Buy Now
