Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Rise of Popular Movements The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Assam Board HS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Rise of Popular Movements and select needs one.
Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Rise of Popular Movements
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board HS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Rise of Popular Movements Solutions for All Subjects, You can practice these here…
LONG ANSWER
Q.1. Why did Dalit Panthers resort to mass action ?
Ans : The Dalit Panthers resorted to mass action for the assertion of Dalit Rights and against discrimination like :
(i) Discrimination in case of water sharing which was denied to them even after so many years of independence.
(ii) Dalit women were dishonoured and abused and worst of all.
(iii) Dalits faced collective atrocities over minor, symbolic issues of caste pride.
(iv) Legal Mechanism proved inadequate to stop the economic and social oppression of Dalits.
Q. 2. List the demands put forward by BKU.
Ans : The BKU was one of the leading organisations in the farmers movement of the eighties.
The BKU demanded :
(i) Higher government floor prices for sugarcane and wheat.
(ii ) Abolition of restrictions on the inter-state movement of form produce.
(iii) Guaranteed supply of electricity at reasonable rates.
(iv) Waiving of repayments due to loans to farmers.
(v) The provision of a government pension for farmers.
Similar demands were made by other farmers organisations in the country. For example Shetkari Sanghatana of Maharashtra declared the farmers movement as a war of Bharat.
Q. 3. What were the demands for the Chipko movement ?
Ans : The Chipko Movement is a environmental Movement, which main demands are liked manner :
(i) No forest exploiting contracts should be given to outsiders.
(ii) Local communities should have effective control over natural resources like land, water and forest.
(iii) Government should provide low cost materials to small industries and ensure development of the region without disturbing the ecological balance.
(iv) The movement raises economic issues of landless forest workers and demands for guarantees of minimum wage.
Q. 4. Which strategy was used by Narmada Bachao Andolan to put forward its demands ?
Ans : The Narmada Bachao Andolan used very available democratic strategy to put forwarded its demand.
These are :
(i) Appeals to the judiciary.
(ii) Mobilisation of support at the international level.
(iii) Public rallies in support of the movement.
(iv) Revival of forms of satyagraha to convince people about the movements position.
Q. 5. What does NFF stands for ? How does fish worker’s life threatened in a big way.
Ans : NFF stands for National Fish Forum. The fish worker’s lives were threatened in a major way when the government permitted entry to mechanised trawlers and technologies like bottom trawling for large scale harvest of fish in the Indian seas.
Q. 6. Write short note on woman’s social status ?
Ans : The social status of women is very poor. They have to suffer in every step of life. They sacrifice their life in the development of their house, without any expectation. But during the decade of the eighties women’s movement started in different corners of the world increases the social status of women in society. These movement focused on issues like sexual violence against women, within the family and outside, campaign against the system of dowry and demanded personal and property laws based on the norms of gender equality.’
Q. 7. Describe the main objective (Minimum 4 points) of the National Policy of Empowerment of women 2001.
Ans : The main objective points of the National policy of empowerment of women 2001 are :
(i) One third reservations of seats in legislatures.
(ii) To improve the working conditions of woman.
(iii)To ensure human rights and stop its abuse.
(iv) To ensure gender equality.
Q. 8. Examine the demand for reservations of seats in parliament and state legislatures as a mechanism for empowerment of women.
Ans : The demand for reservation of seats in the parliament and state legislatures was put forward by the thought of empowerment of women like it had done in the local village bodies and municipal corporations, But the demand for this amendment to empower women in the parliament and State Legislative Assemblies have not been successful till now because the bill has not received enough support from the parliament yet. Main opposition to the bill has come from groups, including some women’s group, who are insisting on a separate quota for Dalit and OBC women within the proposed women’s quota in higher political offices.
Q. 9. Write the economic issues that raised by BKU ?
Ans: The BKU was one of the leading organisations in the farmers movement of the eighties. The BKU demanded some economic issues like – higher government floor prices for sugarcane and wheat, waiving of repayments due to loans to farmers, provision of a government pension for farmers. They were also against liberalisation of Indian agriculture.
10. Which of these statements are incorrect the Chipko Movement.
(a) was an environmental movement to prevent cutting down of trees.
(b) raised questions of ecological and economic exploitation.
(c) was a movement alcoholism started by the women.
(d) demanded that local communities should have central over their natural resources.
Ans : (c) was a movement alcoholism started by the women.
Q.11. Identify the reasons which led to the Chipko Movement in P in early 1970s. What was the impact of this movement ?
Ans : The forest department refused permission to the villagers of Uttar pradesh to fell ash trees for making agricultural tools. But the forest department gave permission to a sports manufacturer to fell ash trees for commercial purposes. The villagers protested against this action of forest department.
This protest spread across many parts of Uttarakhand region of Uttar Pradesh. This is known as Chipko Movement.
This movement had great impact. The government banned the felling of trees for fifteen years. The Chipko Movement became a symbol of many popular Social Movement in India. This movement inspired people raise voices against injustice and exploitation.
Q. 12. Would you consider the anti-arrack movement as a women’s movement ? Why ?
Ans : Yes. The anti-arrack movement was definitely a women’s movement. It is because of the fact that women in district Nellore came together to protest against the sale of arrack and closure of wine shops. When the news spread women of about 5000 villages got inspired and met together prohibition and sent them to the District collector. As a result, the arrack auctions in Nellore district were postponed 17 times. later on, this movement slowly spread all over the state.
Q. 13. What issues did the Dalit Panthers address ?
Ans : Dalit Panthers a militant organization representing the Dalit youth was formed in 1972. Dalit Panthers fought against the perpetual Caste based inequalities and material injustices faced by Dalit people. Dalit Panthers demanded effective implementation of reservations and other constitutional guarantees of social justice. Dalit Panthers protested firmly the social oppression and violence against the Dalits.
Q. 14. Write the main recommendations of Mandal Commission ?
Ans : The Mandal Commission recommended that backward classes should be understood to mean “backward castes”. It suggested 27% reservation of seats in educational institutions and government jobs for these groups. The commission also recommended for land reforms to improve the condition of OBC’S.
Q. 15. What were the demands of the Chipko Movement ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No. 3. (Long Answer)
Q. 16. Stress light on the nature of non-party political formations ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No. 6. (Very Long Answer)
Q. 17. In what ways social movements raised various issues about the model of economic development of India at the time of independent:
Ans : Social movements raised various issues about the model of economic development that India had adopted at the time of independence such as:
(i) Chipko Movement brought out the issues of ecological depletion.
(ii) The Bharatiya Kisan Union farmers organization complained against the neglect of agricultural sector.
(iii) Dalits led their struggle against the social and economic exploitation and deprivation
(iv) Anti-Arrack movement focussed on the negative fallouts of what was considered development.
(v) Displacement caused by large development projects like Sardar Sarovar Project and Narmada Bachao Andolan.
Q. 18. Identify the reasons which led to the Chipko Movement UP in early 1970s. What was the impact of this movement ?
Ans : The forest department refused permission to the villagers of Uttar Pradesh to fell ash trees for making agriculture tools. But the forest department gave permission to a sports manufacturer to fell ash trees for commercial purposes. The villagers protested against this action of forest department. This protest spread across many parts of Uttarakhand region of Uttar Pradesh.
This movements had great impact. The government banned the felling of trees for fifteen years. The Chipko movement became a symbol of many popular Social movements in India. This movements inspired people to raise voices against injustice and exploitation.
| Sl. No. | CONTENTS |
| Unit 1 | PART – 1 |
| Chapter 1 | The Cold War Era |
| Chapter 2 | The End of Bipolarity |
| Chapter 3 | US Hegemony in World Politics |
| Chapter 4 | Alternative Centres Of Power |
| Chapter 5 | Contemporary South Asia |
| Chapter 6 | International Organisations |
| Chapter 7 | Security In The Contemporary World |
| Chapter 8 | Environment And Natural Resources |
| Chapter 9 | Globalisation |
| Unit 2 | PART – 2 |
| Chapter 1 | Era of One-Party Dominance |
| Chapter 2 | Challenges of Nation Building |
| Chapter 3 | Politics Of Planned Development |
| Chapter 4 | India’s External Relations |
| Chapter 5 | Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System |
| Chapter 6 | The Crisis of Democratic Order |
| Chapter 7 | Rise of Popular Movements |
| Chapter 8 | Regional Aspirations |
| Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in India Politics |
Q. 19. How do public or social movement in India, strengthen democracy ? What are their limitations ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No. 4. (Very Long Answer)
Q. 15. Who were Namdev and Dhale ? Write few lines about ‘class struggle.
Ans : Dalit Panther is a social organization, founded by Namdev Dharal in April 1972 in Mumbai. Later on many dalit activists joined this organization. But the Namdev Dharal, Raja Dhale and Arun Kamble were the original leaders of Dalit Panther, which saw its heyday in 1970s and through the 80s.
Raja Dhale, a fine writer and poet, ran a newsletter using new methods. Its name was ‘Vidroh’ (rebellion). In ‘Vidroh’, his articles, poems, thought provoking and shocking caricatures shot to fame. Namdev had slowly started gaining fame as a poet.
In 1972, a small news item appeared in ‘Nava Kaal’. Leading Dalit writers were about to come together in a classroom to discuss the ineffective leadership in the Republican Party and find an alternative answer to it.
Litterateurs like Raja Dhale, J V Pawar, Namdeo Dhasal, Avinash Mahatekar, Latif Khatik as well as Baburao Bagul and Bhai Sangare were going to attend the discussion. The approved agenda of discussion was the then Republican Party ‘s submissive stand on the question of Dalits and their leadership wagging its tail before the Congress Party.
Raja Dhale, a fine writer and poet, ran a newsletter using new methods. Its name was ‘Vidroh’ (rebellion). In ‘Vidroh’, his articles, poems, thought provoking and shocking caricatures shot to fame. Namdev had slowly started gaining fame as a poet.
The atrocities committed against Dalits across the country and in Maharashtra at the time were the root of all these movements and the RPI, Congress, poets and others in Opposition were not ready to take any concrete measures to stand up against oppression. It is then the assembled members decided to form an organisation for self-defence and to take on the dominance of the Brahminical ideology. The movement was to be on the lines of the Black Panther movement that challenged the supremacy of the whites.
The Dalit Panther. What was surprising is that even earlier, to a certain extent, ‘shudras’ were described as Dalits. But this time, the word Dalit was used with a broader perspective. Everyone had taken notice of the organisation and this was the first leap of the Dalit Panther. The founders were grappling with humble lifestyles or abject poverty. Rebellion was in the voice. But they executed it in their actions.
The country had completed 25 years of independence and then, in 1972, Raja Dhale wrote a fiery piece in ‘Sadhana’, a weekly. In a country where the poor could not live, in Kilvenmani (Tamil Nadu) where 42 landless farmers were killed by landlords and in several villages in Maharashtra where women were paraded naked, Dhale’s article gained popularity as an expression of anger against atrocities.
The article questioned the sanctity of the tricolour in a country that could not protect the dignity of Dálit women. The article caused an earthquake, especially among the youth and progressive thinkers of the time. Namdev Dhasál lived then in a red light area in Mumbai, and like him Dalits were forced to live in ostracised settlements outside the city. His father was a butcher by profession and brought home a measly daily wage and the leftovers of mutton and kheema.
That is how Namdev’s Golpitha was born. Most Dalit writers, and poets lived in slums and settlements from Matunga labour.camp, to Mazgaon Khadda, Saat Rasta, BDD chawls etc. At such a time, those taking pride in the 25 years of Independence were shocked by Dale’s unhappy reactions to the tri-colour.
See Next Page No Below…
Hi, I’m Dev Kirtonia, Founder & CEO of Dev Library. A website that provides all SCERT, NCERT 3 to 12, and BA, B.com, B.Sc, and Computer Science with Post Graduate Notes & Suggestions, Novel, eBooks, Biography, Quotes, Study Materials, and more.
