Class 12 History Important Chapter 9 Colonialism and The Countryside Exploring Official Archives

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Class 12 History Important Chapter 9 Colonialism and The Countryside Exploring Official Archives

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Colonialism and The Countryside Exploring Official Archives

Chapter: 9

Themes in Indian History Part – II

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Short Type Question and Answer:

1. What was a direct outcome for zamindars who failed to pay the fixed revenue under the Permanent Settlement?

Ans: Their estates were publicly auctioned to recover unpaid dues.

2. Why were the initial revenue demands under the Permanent Settlement unsustainable for many zamindars?

Ans: They were set too high during a period of low agricultural prices and frequent famines.

3. How did zamindars manipulate the auction process to maintain control of their estates?

Ans: They employed agents to bid fictitiously, repeatedly defaulted on payments, and repurchased land at reduced prices.

4. What characterized the subsistence and migration patterns of the Paharias in the Rajmahal hills?

Ans: They practiced shifting cultivation, forest gathering, and moved to new clearings as soil fertility declined.

5. For what purpose did the British establish the Damin-i-Koh region for the Santhals?

Ans: To confine the Santhals to a designated area and promote settled plough agriculture on cleared land.

6. Which factors fueled the Santhal Rebellion of 1855-56?

Ans: Excessive taxation, land encroachments by moneylenders, and loss of tribal autonomy.

7. What distinguished the ryotwari settlement in the Bombay Deccan from the Bengal zamindari system?

Ans: Revenue was assessed and collected directly from individual cultivators rather than through intermediaries.

8. In what way did the American Civil War impact rural credit relations in the Deccan?

Ans: A surge in cotton prices prompted moneylenders to advance large loans, increasing peasants’ indebtedness.

9. How did Deccan peasants demonstrate their resistance to exploitative lending practices in 1875?

Ans: They burned sahukars’ debt bonds and account ledgers to invalidate their obligations.

10. Why should historians approach colonial commissions like the Deccan Riots Commission with caution?

Ans: Their reports often reflect official biases and may downplay government policies’ role in unrest.

Fill in the blank:

1. Under the Permanent Settlement, if revenue was unpaid by the _____, the zamindari could be auctioned.

Ans: Sunset Law.

2. The Permanent Settlement fixed the revenue demand in Bengal in _____.

Ans: 1793.

3. Following the Permanent Settlement, over _____ per cent of zamindaris changed hands.

Ans: 75 per cent.

4. Ricardian theory held that landowners should claim only the “_____ rent.”

Ans: Average rent.

5. The _____ system settled revenue directly with individual cultivators in the Bombay Deccan.

Ans: Ryotwari settlement.