Class 12 History Important Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappa Civilisation Solutions English Medium As Per The New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 12 Elective History Important Solutions in English and select need one. AHSEC Class 12 Elective History Additional Notes Download PDF. HS 2nd Year History Additional Solutions.
Class 12 History Important Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappa Civilisation
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Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappa Civilisation
Chapter: 1
| Themes in Indian History Part – I |
| IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER |
Answer the Following Question:
1. What was the main material used in Harappan seals?
Ans: Steatite.
2. Name any one animal motif found on Harappan seals.
Ans: Humped Bull.
3. Name any two crops used by Harappans.
Ans: Wheat and Barley.
4. What is Faience?
Ans: Artificially prepared colored material made from silica and gum.
5. Name the Harappan port site.
Ans: Lothal.
6. Who first discovered the Harappan seal?
Ans: Alexander Cunningham.
7. What are the main features of Harappan seals?
Ans: Harappan seals were usually made of steatite and bore animal motifs like humped bulls and unicorns. They also had short inscriptions in an undeciphered script. Seals were used for trade, identification, and sealing goods to prevent tampering.
8. Describe the structure and significance of the Great Bath.
Ans: The Great Bath was a large rectangular tank in Mohenjodaro, surrounded by corridors and rooms. Its bricks were laid on edge and plastered with gypsum mortar to make it watertight. It was likely used for ritual bathing or special ceremonies.
9. What evidence shows that Harappans practiced agriculture?
Ans: Archaeologists found charred wheat, barley, lentils, chickpeas, and sesame seeds. Evidence of a ploughed field was found at Kalibangan. Terracotta models of ploughs and the depiction of bulls used for ploughing also indicate agricultural practices.
10. How did the Harappans plan their cities?
Ans: Harappan cities like Mohenjodaro were divided into Citadel (higher area) and Lower Town (larger area). Streets were laid in a grid pattern. Houses were built around courtyards, had private wells, bathing areas, and were connected to a well-planned drainage system.
11. What were Harappan weights made of and how were they used?
Ans: Harappan weights were made of chert and were cubical in shape. They followed binary and decimal systems. Small weights were used for weighing beads and jewelry, while larger weights were used in trade and market transactions.
12. Describe the distinctive features of Mohenjodaro as a planned urban centre.
Ans: Mohenjodaro was one of the most important cities of the Harappan Civilization. It displayed a remarkable sense of urban planning. The city was divided into two parts: the Citadel and the Lower Town. The Citadel, built on a mud-brick platform, housed important public structures like the Great Bath and Granary, indicating administrative or ritual significance. The Lower Town contained residential buildings arranged in a grid pattern.
Houses were mostly built of standardized baked bricks. Many houses were double-storeyed, built around a central courtyard, and equipped with private wells, bathing areas, and drains connected to a well-planned street drainage system. Streets intersected at right angles, showing advanced town planning.
The Great Bath, a watertight brick structure plastered with gypsum mortar, was probably used for ritual bathing. Public buildings like warehouses suggested organized trade and governance. The uniformity in brick size and layout across the city reflected centralized planning and control. Thus, Mohenjodaro stands as a fine example of Harappan urbanization.
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