Class 12 Geography Chapter 8 Transport and Communication

Class 12 Geography Chapter 8 Transport and Communication The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters SCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 8 Transport and Communication and select need one.

Class 12 Geography Chapter 8 Transport and Communication

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Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board/NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 8 Transport and Communication Solutions for All Subject, You can practice these here…

Q.30. Give an account of the Suez canal route.

Ans :- The Suez canal Route connects European countries with south cast, south and for east countries. This canal had been constructed in 1869 in Egypt between port said in the north and port suez in the south linking the Mediterranean sea and red sea. It is 160 km long and 11 to 15 m deep. It takes nearly 12 hours to pass through the canal. The Suez canal Europe a new gateway to the Indian ocean and reduces direct sea route distance between Liverpool and Colombo the cape of good Hope.The European countries export manufactured goods, machineries, chemicals, etc and import jute, tea, wool, rubber, sugar, spices etc.

Q.31. Give a brief account of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway. 

Ans :- The great lakes of north America superior. Huran Erie and Ontario are connected by soo anal and walland canal to form an inland waterways. The estuary of st. Lawrence River along with the great lakes forms a unique commercial waterway in the northern part of North America. The port on this rout like Duluth and buffalo. These are equipped with all facilities of ocean ports. As such large ocean going vessels are able to navigate up the river deep inside the continent to Montreal. But here goods have to be trans-shipped to smaller vassals due to the presence of rapids. Canals have been constructed upto 3.5 m deep to avoid these.

Q.32. Give an explanatory note on Cyber space.

Ans :- Cyber space is the world of electronic computerised space. It is encompassed by the Internet such as the World Wide Web (WWW). In simple words, it is the electronic digital world for communicating or accessing information over computer networks without physical movement of the sender and the receiver. It is also referred to as the Internet Cyberspace exists everywhere. It may be in an office, sailing boat, flying plane, in cinema hall and virtually anywhere.

Cyberspace network has expanded very rapidly all over the world. In 2005, over one billion used cyberspace or Internet by 2010, it will be two billion. As billions use the Internet each year cyberspace will expand the contemporary economic and social space of humans through – (i) e-mail (i) e-commerce (iii) c-leaming (iv) e-governance (v) e-business The cyberspace has male the concept of global village a reality.

Q.33. Discuss the problems of road transport in Flood Prone Areas. 

Ans :- In the flood prone area, there has been very heavy rainfall for more than six months of a year. The roads suffer from surface and gully erosion. The roads to be constantly repaired and maintained in serviceable condition, needing a huge expenditure. The devastating floods often breach and damage roads. Due to heavy rainfall or floods other problems like landslides and soil creep in the hills damaging the roads. The bridges are also broken. The roads need to be frequently bridged and many culverts, retention walls etc have been constructed several times. For these, labor and huge expenditure needed.

Q.34. Discuss the problems of road transport in Mountainous Areas.

Ans :- Mountainous areas are uneven, so the construction of roads are very costly and risky. Frequent landslides and avalanches block road transports. Rapidly running water damages the roads. Numerous bridges, culverts are to be constructed at huge costs. Roads have not negotiated long distances to reach a nearby point due to undulating and high attitudes.

Q.35. Discuss the factors of development which have greatly improved the efficiency of Ocean Transport. 

Ans :- Ocean-going ships are capable of causing huge loads and their efficiency has been improved because of the following three developments.

(i) Introduction of refrigerated chambers for transporting perishable goods e.g., meat and dairy products.

(ii) The development of tankers and other specialised ships and the use of containers has eased the transfer of goods.

(iii) Modern passenger lines and cargo-ships are equipped with radar, wireless and other navigation aids as a result they are little hindered by storms and bad weather.

Q.36. Why are the pipelines used extensively for supplying mineral oil and natural gas? 

Ans :-  Pipelines are used extensively for supplying mineral oil and natural gas for an uninterrupted flow. Pipeline transportation is highly dependable and safe. Pipelines are used to carrying natural gas and mineral oil as they cost about one-fourth of railways. These are the most economical and secure means of transport of mineral oil and natural gas. Other means of transport are not available to the minimum advantage.

Q.37. How is transportation an organised Service Industry? 

Ans :- (i) Transportation is an organised service industry created to satisfy the basic needs of society.

(ii) It includes transport artery vehicles to carry people and goods and the organisation to maintain arteries, and to handle loading.unloading and delivery.

Q.38. Discuss the important features of Highways. 

Ans :- The important features of highway are :

(i) Highways are metalled roads connecting distant places.

(ii) Highways are constructed in a manner for unobstructed vehicular movement.

(iii) Every city and port town is linked through the highway. Highways are 80 km wide, with separate traffic lanes, bridges, flyovers and dual carriageway to facilitate uninterrupted traffic flow.

LONG TYPE QUESTION & ANSWERS (MARKS-5)

Q.1. “In a well managed transport system, various nodes complement each other”- elucidate the statement.

Ans : (i) Major modes of transport are roadways, railways, waterways and airways and also pipelines.

(ii) Roadways and railways operate on plain topography.

(iii) Roadways carry passengers and traffic over short distances and provide door-to-door services.

(a) They can negotiate on undulating topography.

(b) Railways carry passengers and traffic over long distances and bulk goods.

(iv) From railway yards goods are transported by container service (through roads) and provide, in this way, door-to-door service. 

(a) Water transport works both inland and between continents through Ocean routes.

(b) Airways carry passengers and traffic where roads and railway construction is not possible like the North East region of India.

(v) Means of transport also serve military services, complementing one another.

(vi) Due to complementarity all parts of a country come together and the entire nation is one.

Q.2. Which are the major regions of the world leaving a dense network of airways? 

Ans :- The major regions of the world having a dense network of airways are as follows –

(i) Eastern USA

(ii) Western Europe 

(iii) South East Asia

At present no place in the world is more than 35 hours away. Travel by air can now be measured by hours and minutes. 

The Eastern USA accounts for about 60 percent of the airways of the world.

The Western Europe includes the UK, French, Germany, Poland, Spain, Greece, Norway, Denmark, Portugal, Sweden etc. The South East Asia includes Japan, Korea, Singapore, Hongkong, China etc.

Q.3. What are the major advantages and disadvantages of Road and Railway transport? 

Ans :- Advantages of roadways :

(a) Roadways are suitable for short distance places. 

(b) Building and repairing of roads are cheapest.

(c) Roadways are also available in remote areas.

Disadvantages of roadways :

(a) The transportation charge are very high for long distance places 

(b) It’s not suitable for transportation of heavy goods.

(c) In the road transportation the chances of accidents are very high

Advantages of railways :

(a) Railway transportation is the cheapest means of transport.

(b) For the transportation of heavy goods, this transportation is very suitable.

Disadvantages of railways :

(a) The building and repairing of railway roads are very expensive. 

(b) It’s available only in plains not in hill areas.

Q.4. Write the major features of the Suez Canal.

Ans :- The Suez canal Route connects European countries with south cast, south and east countries. This canal had been constructed in 1869 in Egypt between port said in the north and port suez in the south linking the Mediterranean sea and red sea. It is 160 km long and 11 to 15 m deep. It takes nearly 12 hours to pass through the canal. The Suez canal Europe a new gateway to the Indian ocean and reduces direct sea route distance between Liverpool and Colombo the cape of good Hope.

The European countries export manufactured goods, machineries, chemicals, etc and import jute, tea, wool, rubber, sugar, spices etc.

Q.5. Give the major features of the Panama Canal.

Ans :- The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the West. It has been constructed across the Panama Isthmus between Panama City and Colon. The Canal is about 72 km long and involves a very deep cutting for a length of 12 km. It has a six lock system and ships cross the different levels (26 m up and down) through these locks before entering the Gulf of Panama..

Q.6. Discuss the features of Air transport. 

Ans :- The major features of Air transport are :

The air transport is the fastest means of transport among all other mode of transportations

The passengers preferred this type of transport for long distance travel. The air transportation system is suitable for high value, less weight and less volume goods over short or medium distance.

Air transport provides two types of services: international and domestic service.

Air transport is often the only means to reach inaccessible areas where other transport systems are impossible. In sensible times like landslides, heavy snowfall occurs in areas, air travel is the only alternative to reach that place.

Q.7. Discuss the major benefits of air transport.

Ans :-  Air transport has many benefits Air transport is the fastest mean transportation among other means of transportation. Being fast, it is preferred by passengers for long distances. It is time consuming. It is also suitable for high value, less weight and less volume goods. In some areas it is geographically inaccessible. Air transport is the only means to reach in such areas. Air transport has brought about a connectivity revolution in the world. The airplane brings varied articles to the Eskimos in northern Canada unhindered by the frozen ground. In mountainous areas, the routes are often obstructed by landslides, avalanches or heavy snowfall. At such times, air travel is the only alternative to reach that kind of area. 

At present no place in the world is more than 35 hours away. It is possible only because of air travel. Today more than 250 commercial airlines offer regular services to different parts to the world.

However air transport benefited from means of transportation.

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