Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities Question answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters AHSEC Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities and select need one.
Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Also, you can read the AHSEC book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per AHSEC (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of AHSEC All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board/NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities Solutions for All Subject, You can practice these here.
Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Chapter: 7
PART-1
GEOGRAPHY
TEXTUAL QUESTION & ANSWER
Q.1. Which one of the following is a tertiary activity?
(a) Farming
(b) Weaving
(c) Hunting
(d) Trading
Ans :- (d) Trading
Q.2. Which one of the following activities is not a secondary sector activity?
(a) Iron smelting
(b) Making garments
(c) Basket weaving
(d) Catching fish
Ans :- (d) Catching fish
Q.2. Which one of the following sectors provides most of the employment in the cities like :
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai?
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Quaternary
(d) Service
Ans :- (d) Service
Q.4. Which one of the following activities belongs to quinary activity
(a) Plumber
(b) Farmer
(c) Teacher
(d) Chief Executive officer
Ans :- (d) Chief Executive officer.
Q.5. Which one of the following activities is related to quaternary activities?
(a) Building construction
(b) Manufacturing computers
(c) University teaching
(d) Printing books
Ans :- (e) University teaching
VERY SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWER
Q.6. Give any two major types of trading centres
Ans :- Trading centre may be divided as rural and urban trading centre.
Q.7. Give two examples of tertiary activity.
Ans :- Doctor and advocate.
Q.8. Give two examples of secondary activity.
Ans :- Production of cotton, production of steel.
Q.9. What is isohorne?
Ans :- Isochrone is a line drawn on a map to join places equal in terms the time taken to reach them.
Q.10. Give an example of quinary activity.
Ans :- Financial advisor is an example of quinary activity.
Q.11. To which sector do tertiary activities relate?
Ans :- Tertiary activities related to the service sector.
Q.12. What is CBD ?
Ans :- CBD means Central Business District.
Q.13. What is Retail Trading Services ?
Ans :- Services which are bought or soul directly to the consumers are retail trading services.
Q.14. What do you mean by Quaternary Activities?
Ans :- Quaternary Activities involve collections, production and dissemination of information or even the production of information.
Q.15. What do you mean by Medical Tourism?
Ans :- When medical treatment is combined with international tourism activity, it lends itself to what is commonly known as medical tourism.
SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWER : (MARKS -3)
Q.16. Distinguish between transport and communication.
Ans :-
| Transport | Communication |
| 1. Used for carrying goods and passengers from one place to another . | 6. Used for conveying messages. ideas and information between individuals or to the masses. |
| 2. Physical or bodily movement necessary. | 2. Physical movement is not necessary in all cases. |
| 3. Reduce distance with reference to time. | 3. Increase worldwide knowledge. |
| 4. Help in the distribution of materials by linking farms, factories and markets | 4. Help in improving the efficiency of transport. |
| 5. Humans, animals and various types of vehicles are the means of transport. | 5. Postal services, telephones, telex, internet, satellite etc. are the means of communication. |
Q.17. Why is manpower the main component of the service sector?
Ans :- We know that tertiary activities are concerned with providing service rather than production of tangible goods. They provide their service against their fee. All types of services are required for special skilled persons. They provide their skill service in exchange of payment. These services require other theoretical knowledge and practical training. So man power is an important component of the service sector as the people engaged in this sector are performed by skilled labour, professionally trained export and consultants.
Q.18. What is the position of the tertiary sector in a developed economy?
Ans :- Today most people are service workers. But it is highest in developed countries like the USA, China, Japan, etc. The percentage of workers employed in the service sector is higher in developed countries than less developed countries. The trend in employment in the secretor has been increasing.
Q.19. How do trading centres come into being?
Ans :- Trading centres come into being in the following ways :
(i) The rise of trading from barter at the local level to money-exchange of international scale has produced many centres and institutions like trading centres.
(ii) They are also collection and distribution points.
Q.20. Distinguish between Retail Trading services and Wholesale Trading Services.
Ans :- The retail trading services concerned with the sale of goods directly to the consumer. But in wholesale trading service is concerned indirectly to the consumers. This type of trading runs through numerous intermediary merchants.
The retail trading services buy goods from wholesalers and then sell to the customer.
Retail trading takes place in fixed establishments or stores solely devoted to selling. The wholesale trading including chain stores and able to buy directly from the manufacturers.
Q.121. Write the factors that affect transport services.
Ans :- Transport is a service or facility by which people, materials and manufactured goods are physically carried from one location to another. But the transport facilities in all areas are not equally developed. Some areas are well developed and the rest are under developed due to various affecting factors. The main factors that affect the transport system are demand and Routes.
Demand for transport is influenced by the size of the population. The larger population size, the greater is the demand for transport and the smaller size of population is the lesser demand for transport systems. So which region has a greater number of population, the transport system is comparatively well developed.
Routes depend on location of cities, towns, villages, industrial centres and raw materials, pattern of trade between industry and raw material, nature of landscape, types of climate, and funds available for overcoming. obstacles along the length of the route.
Q.22. Give an account of communication services.
Ans :- Communication is sharing of information in simple. Short range communication is as old as human civilization. Modern mass communication is the product of science and technological developments that took place during the last two centuries.
Communication services involve the transmission of words and messages, facts and ideas. The invention of writing preserved messages and helped to make communication dependent on means of transport. These were carried by land, boat, road, rail, air. That is why all forms of transport are also referred to as lines of communication. Transport and communication systems are interrelated.
The nineteenth century was marked by the invention of the wire communication system. This system includes telegraph and telephone. The communication modes like Radio Television help to relay news, posters and telephone calls to vast audiences around the world. Satellite communication relays information of the earth and from space. The internet has revolutionized the global communication system.
Q.23. Give an account of the non formal sector of services.
Ans :- Some services are run in an unorganized way. They are running personally. Such types of services are called non-formal sectors of services These types of non-formal services are made available to the people to facilitate their work in daily life. The workers migrate from rural areas to urban areas searching for jobs. They are unskilled. They are employed in domestic services as housekeeper, cooks and gardeners, One such example of such kind of service is Mumbai’s dabbawala
Q.24. Give an account of the people engaged in Tertiary activities.
Ans : Tertiary activities are related to the services sector. All types of services are special skills provided in exchange for raiment. Health, education law, governance and recreation etc, are included in the service sector. Because they need professional skill They need theoretical knowledge and practical training Manpower is the vital component for tertiary activities. In a developed economy, the majority of workers get employment in tertiary activities. The work of a plumber, electrician technician, launderer, barber, cashier, teacher, doctor, lawyer, publisher, etc are examples of tertiary activities.
Nowadays most people are engaged in services sector services are provided in all societies. In more developed countries a higher percentage of people is employed in providing services as compared to less developed countries. The trend in employment in this sector has been increasing while it has remained unchanged or decreasing in the primary and secondary activities technician, launderer, barber, cashier, teacher, doctor, lawyer, publisher, etc are examples of tertiary activities.
Nowadays most people are engaged in service sector services provided in all societies. In more developed countries a higher percentage of people is employed in providing services as compared to less developed countries. The trend in employment in this sector has been increasing while it has remained unchanged or decreasing in the primary and secondary activities.
Q.25. Give an account of outsourcing as quinary activities.
Ans :- (i) Outsourcing or contracting out is giving work to an outside agency to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
(ii) It involves transferring work to overseas locations then it is described as offshoring, although both off-shoring and outsourcing are used together.
(iii) Business activities that are outsourced include information technology (IT), human resources, customer support and call centru services, Sometimes manufacturing and engineering are also outsourced.
(iv) Data processing is an IT related service.
(v) It is easily carried out in Asian, East, European and African countries.
Q.26. Write with example the meaning of the Network and Accessibility of Transport.
Ans :- With the development of transport systems the different places are linked together from all sides to form a network. Networks are made up of nodes and links. Node is the meeting point of two or more routes, a point or origin, a point of destination or any sizable town along a route. Every road that joins two nodes is called a link. A developed network has many links which convicted the place. The PWD roads are connected to the national highways. Again the PWD roads are linked with district roads and district roads are well connected with village roads. And this way the two or more village roads along a district road or PWD road are linked with the national highway. However they make a network or road.
Q.27. Give a brief descriptor on the Telecommunication services.
Ans :- Communication is sharing of information. The communication services involve the transmission of word, massage, facts and ideas.
The nineteenth century was marked by the inventions of the wire communication system. The wire communication system includes telegraph and telephone.
The use of tele communication is linked to the development of modem technology. It has revolutionized communications because of the speed with which messages are sent. Besides the recent advancements like mobile telephony have made communications direct and instantaneous at any time and from anywhere.
The radio services started in 1910s, television came during 1930s and the satellite communication started during 1960s. Radio and television help to relay news, Pictures and telephone calls to vast audiences around the world and hence they are termed as mass media.
Satellite communication relays information of the earth and from space. The internet has revolutionized global communication.
| Sl. No. | CONTENTS |
| PART-1 | |
| Chapter 1 | Human Geography Nature & Scope |
| Chapter 2 | The World Population Distribution, Density & Growth |
| Chapter 3 | Population Composition |
| Chapter 4 | Human Development |
| Chapter 5 | Primary Activities |
| Chapter 6 | Secondary Activities |
| Chapter 7 | Tertiary and Quaternary Activities |
| Chapter 8 | Transport and Communication |
| Chapter 9 | International Trade |
| Chapter 10 | Human Settlement |
| PART-2 | |
| Chapter 11 | Population Structure of India |
| Chapter 12 | Migration Pattern in India |
| Chapter 13 | Human Resources Department |
| Chapter 14 | Human Settlement of India |
| Chapter 15 | Land Resource and Agriculture |
| Chapter 16 | India’s Water Resources |
| Chapter 17 | Mineral and Fuel Resources in India |
| Chapter 18 | Manufacturing Industries of India |
| Chapter 19 | Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context |
| Chapter 20 | Transport and Communication in India |
| Chapter 21 | International Trade |
| Chapter 22 | Problems and Issues Geographical Perspective |
| PART-3 | |
| Chapter 23 | Assam Geography |
Q.28. Give an account on Empowered Workers.
Ans :- Empowered Workers :
(i) Entrepreneurs :
(a) They are the empowered workers of the quaternary sector and the slowly emerging quinary sector.
(b) They represent an important stage of development in the hierarchy of economic activities where the need for self actualisation is not motivated by wealth and security alone but by other factors.
(c) They have predominantly a value system which emphasises quality of life and believe in creativity and individual values.
(d) As ideas and freedom of information and communication grow, people expect their applications at the workplace.
(e) More employees will receive training and become highly skilled.
(i) They will work more and more on their own initiative.
(ii) Many will have flexible working arrangements.
(iii) Some will choose work paid and unpaid – that is personally fulfilling and accords with their concern for natural environment and social issues.
LONG TYPE QUESTION & ANSWERS (MARKS – 5)
Q.1. Discuss the significance and growth of the service sector in modern economic development.
Ans :- In the modern economic development service sector plays an important role. The significance and growth of the service sector are given below–
Services occur at many different levels. Some are geared to industry, some to people and some to both industry and people, eg the transport systems.
There are two types of services are identified, viz :
(a) Low order services, which includes grocery, shops and laundries, which are more common and widespread.
(b) High order services, such as accountants, consultants and physicians. High order services are also known as specialised services. Services are provided to individual consumers who can afford to pay for them. For example, the gardener, the barber do physical labour. Teachers, lawyers, physicians, musicians etc. perform mental labour.
With the growth of population, many services have now been regulated, such as the making and maintaining highways and bridges, supervising the education department and customer care are notable services, most of which are supervised or performed by governments or companies.
Personal services are also made available to the people to facilitate their work in daily life. The uneducated workers migrate from rural areas to urban areas in search of employment. They are employed in domestic services as housekeepers, cooks and gardeners. This segment of workers is generally unorganised. Example, in Mumbai, dabbawala (Tiffin) service is provided to about 1,75,000 customers all over the city.
Q.2. Discuss the importance and growth of transport and communication services.
Ans :- Transport : Transport is a service or facility by which people, materials and manufactured goods are physically carried from one location to another. It is an organised industry created to satisfy man’s basic need of mobility. Modern society needs a lot of activities. Among them, speedy and efficient transport systems are required to assist in the production. distribution and consumption of goods. At every stage in this complex system, the value of the material is significantly enhanced by transportation. From these valuable activities of transport, it has great significance.
Communication : Like transportation, communication also plays an important role in modern life. Communication services involve the transmission of words and massages facts and ideas. Where the transport network is efficient, communications are easily disseminated. By hand animals, boat, road, rail and air etc. are the forms of transport and also as lines of communication. Mobile telephony and satellites etc, are developed independent means of transport or lines of communication.
Q.3. Explain how the modern communication system converted the whole world into a ‘global village’? Explain with an example.
Ans :- Communication means the transmission of messages or facts or ideas. In the early stage people sent the message with the help of birds, man. But after the invention of the wire communication system, the communication system was really revolutionized. The time reduced is from days to week and week to minutes, Besides the recent advancements like mobile telephony have made communications directly and instantaneous at any time and from anywhere.
Today there is a phenomenal pace of development. The first major breakthrough is the use of optic fiber cables. Faced with mounting competition, telephone companies all over the world soon upgraded their copper cable system to include optic fiber cables.
Today the internet is the largest electronic network on the planet connecting about millions of people. With the help of the internet system we can send any message in a few seconds only over the world. It is comparatively cheap. As billions use the internet today, cyberspace will expand the contemporary economic and social space of humans through email, e-commerce, e-learning and e-governance. The Internet together with fax, television and radio will be accessible to more and more people cutting across time and place. In these modern communication systems, more than transportation, that has made the concept of global village a reality.
Q.4. Discuss the importance of the service sector in the economic development of the world by giving suitable examples.
Ans :- In the modern economic development service sector plays an important role. The significance and growth of the service sector are given below–
Services occur at many different levels. Some are geared to industry, some to people and some to both industry and people, eg the transport systems.
There are two types of services are identified, viz :
(a) Low order services, which includes grocery, shops and laundries, which are more common and widespread.
(b) High order services, such as accountants, consultants and physicians. High order services are also known as specialised services. Services are provided to individual consumers who can afford to pay for them. For example, the gardener, the barber do physical labour. Teachers, lawyers, physicians, musicians etc. perform mental labour.
With the growth of population, many services have now been regulated, such as the making and maintaining highways and bridges, supervising the education department and customer care are notable services, most of which are supervised or performed by governments or companies.
Personal services are also made available to the people to facilitate their work in daily life. The uneducated workers migrate from rural areas to urban areas in search of employment. They are employed in domestic services as housekeepers, cooks and gardeners. This segment of workers is generally unorganised. Example, in Mumbai, dabbawala (Tiffin) service is provided to about 1,75,000 customers all over the city.
Q.5. Discuss the important characteristics of secondary activities.
Ans :- The important characteristics of secondary activities are :
(a) Activities which transform the material provided by primary activities into commodities more directly useful to man are referred to as secondary activities.
(b) No direct contact with nature or environment.
(c) Monitoring of various products like textiles, iron and steel, cement, ele, are the examples of secondary activities.
(d) Production of secondary activities is high.
(e) High economic development
(f) It needs a high level of technology with high capital investment.
(g) Machine power is the chief power in such activities.
Q.6. Discuss medical services for overseas patients in India.
Ans :- (i) Nearly 5.000 patients from the U.S.A visited India in 2005 for treatment.
(ii) This is still a small number compared with the millions of surgeries performed each year in the U.S. healthcare system.
(iii) India has emerged as the leading country of medical tourism in the world.
(iv) World class hospitals are located in metropolitan cities.
(v) They enter patients all over the world.
(a) Medical tourism brings abundant benefits to the developing countries like India, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia.
(b) Beyond medical tourism, is the trend of outsourcing of medical tests and data interpretation.
(c) Hospitals in India, Switzerland and Australia have been performing certain medical services.
(d) They range from reading radiology images to interpreting. Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) and ultrasound tests.
(vi) Outsourcing holds tremendous advantages for patients, if it is focused on improving the quality of providing specialised care.
Q.7. Explain the major features of quinary activities.
Ans :- The major features of quinary activities are :
(i) Quinary activities are forces on the creation, rearrangement and interpretation of new and existing ideas, data interpretation and the use and evaluation of new technologies.
(ii) These activities are referred as gold collar professions
(iii) The highest level of decision makers or policy makers perform quinary activities.
(iv) Senior business executive, Research scientist, Financial advisor are the example of quainary professions. For these types of activities highly educated, skilled and talented people are required.
Q.8. Give a description on tourism as an important service.
Ans :- Tourism is included in tertiary activities. Tourism has become the world’s single largest tertiary activity in total registered jobs and total revenue. It is travel undertaken for the purpose of recreation rather than business or other purposes. Tourism industry is an industry. Besides, many local persons are employed to provide services like accommodation, meals, transport, entertainment and special shops serving the tourists. It fosters the growth of infrastructure industries, retail trading and craft industries.
The warmer places around the Mediterranean coast and the west coast of India, historical picturesque towns and archeological sites attract the tourists. Since the last century, the demand for holiday has increased rapidly, permitting many more people to go on holiday for leisure, so nowadays tourism is signified as an important service.
Q.9. Discuss the factors, which act as tourist attractions.
Ans :- Tourism is attracted by many factors.
These are :
(i) Climate : Most people from colder regions expect warm, sunny weather for beach holiday in the winter season. The people of the southern region came to Mediterranean region to spend holidays as the Mediterranean climate offers almost consistently higher temperature than the other part of Europe.
(ii) Landscape : Many people like to spend their holiday in an attractive environment like a mountain, lake, or spectacular sea coast.
(iii) History and Art : The historical and architectural places attracted the people. People visit ancient or picturesque towns and archeological sites and enjoy exploring castles, places and so on.
(iv) Culture and economy : Culture and economy of a place attract tourists with a penchant for experiencing ethnic and local customs.
Besides living factors, if a region provides for the needs of tourists at a cheap cost, it is likely to become very popular.
Q.10. Explain the major features of Quinary Activities.
Ans :The major features of quinary activities are :
(i) Quinary activities are forces on the creation, rearrangement and interpretation of new and existing ideas, data interpretation and the use and evaluation of new technologies.
(ii) These activities are referred as gold collar professions
(iii) The highest level of decision makers or policy makers perform quinary activities.
(iv) Senior business executive, Research scientist, Financial advisor are the example of quainary professions. For these types of activities highly educated, skilled and talented people are required.
Q.11. Give a description of Rural Marketing centres.
Ans :- Rural marketing centres cater to nearby settlements. This is related to local settlement. Rural marketing centres provide a location where farmers can meet with traders. Rural markets are usually for direct sales of small quantities of produce by village traders and rural consumers. Rural markets often form part of a network arranged on a periodic basis, such as on a specific day of a week. Here personal and professional services are not well developed. These form local collecting and distributing centres. Rural marketing centres are quasi urban centres.
Periodic markets are rural areas where there are no regular markets and local periodic markets are organized at different temporal intervals. These markets are moved from one place to another. The shopkeeper thus remains busy on all the days while a large area is served by them.
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