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Class 12 Geography Chapter 18 Manufacturing Industries of India
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Manufacturing Industries of India
Chapter: 18
PART-2
GEOGRAPHY
TEXTUAL QUESTION & ANSWER
Q.1. Which one of the following is not a factor of industrial location?
(a) Capital
(b) Market
(c) Population density
(d) Power
Ans :- (c) Population density
Q.2. Which one of the following iron and steel industries earliest in India?
(a) IISCO
(b) TISCO
(c) Visvesvaraya Iron And Steel Works
(d) Mysore Iron and Steel Works
Ans :- (b) TISCO
Q.3. Which one of the following is the main reason for establishment of modern cotton mills in Mumbai?
(a) It is located near cotton growing area
(b) Mumbai is a port
(c) Mumbai was the financial centre
(d) All of the above
Ans :- (a) It is located near cotton growing area
Q.4. Which one of the following is the nucleus of the Hugli Industrial Region?
(a) Kolkata-Rishra
(b) Kolkata-Howrah
(c) Kolkata-Medinipur
(d) Kolkata-Konnagar
Ans :- (b) Kolkata-Howrah
Q.5. The second largest producer of sugar is
(a) Punjab
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Tamil Nadu
Ans :- (b) Uttar Pradesh
VERY SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWER
Q.6. What are the differences between two sectors of cotton textile industries?
Ans :- The two sectors of the cottage textile industries are –
(a) Organised sector
(b) Decentralised sector
The main difference between two are :
(i) In organised sector cloths are manufactured in mills spinning thread to weave the cloth.
(ii) In decentralised sector clothes are manufactured in handlooms and power looms.
Q.7. What is the base raw material for the petrochemical industry? What are the main products of this industry?
Ans :- Raw material base for the petrochemical industry is the petroleum products.
Some of the products of petrochemical industry are –
(i) Plastic products (ii) Synthetic fibres (iii) Acrylic staple fibre.
Q.8. Why is the sugar industry a seasonal industry?
Ans :- In Sugar industries sugarcane is the raw material. Sugarcane is available for crushing only from October to April. In other months sugarcane is not ripened to be used. So, the sugar industry is seasonal.
Q.9. What is the major impact of the Information Technology revolution in India?
Ans :- The major impact of Information Technology (IT) revolution in India are –
(i) Contribution in GDP of India (2 Percent)
(ii) Large employment opportunities.
(iii) Earning more foreign exchange by providing high quality hardware and software.
(iv) In research.
(v) In transportation.
Q.10. Why is calling the iron and steel industry a basic to the industrial development of a country?
Ans :- Iron and steel industry is basic to the industrial development of a country because this industry supplies iron and steel to other industries as raw material. If it does not supply iron and steel the machines which are used in various industries cannot be manufactured and the industrial development would come to an end.
Q.11. What is the significance of industries to us?
Ans :- The advantages of industries are:
(i) employment in the country
(ii) economic boom and latest technology
(iii) less poverty
(iv) more development
(v) more jobs for people
(vi) increase in exports which will make large profits and will be utilized in the development of country
(vii) GDP per capita will increase
(viii) high standard of living
(ix) more services for people, this means more aidz and health services
(x) literacy rate increase and less deaths
(xi) taxes for govt
(xii) stable govt and recent weapons for the defence of the country.
Q.12. What do you understand by Co-operative Industries?
Ans :- Cooperative sector industries are owned and managed by a group of people. Generally the members are the producers of raw materials. Examples of such industries are handloom, food processing and dairy products. Amul is an example of cooperative sector society.
Q.13. What is Capital Goods Industries?
Ans :- Industries which manufacture capital goods are called capital goods industries.
Q.14. Why is the Sugar Industry a Reasonable Industry?
Ans :- Sugar industry is a seasonal industry because mills are operational only from October to April when sugarcane is available for crushing. In other months sugarcane is not ripened to be used in manufacturing sugar.
SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWER : (MARKS – 3)
Q.15. Give a note on the evolution of the cotton textile industry in India.
Ans :- Evolution of Cotton Textile Industry in India.
(i) After the first mills were set up in Mumbai and Ahmedabad in the second half of the nineteenth century, the cotton textile industry expanded very rapidly.
(ii) Number of units increased dramatically.
(iii) The Swadeshi Movement gave a major boost to the industry as people boycotted British goods in favour of Indian goods.
(iv) After 1921 with the development of the railway network other cotton textile centres expanded rapidly.
(a) In southern states mills were set up at Coimbatore, Madurai and Bangalore.
(b) In central India. Nagpur, Indore, Solapur and Vadodara became cotton textile centres.
(c) Cotton textile mills were set up at Kanpur based on local investment.
(d) Mills were also set up at Kolkata due to its port facilities.
(v) The development of hydro-electricity also favoured the location of the cotton textile mills away from the cotton producing areas.
(a) Rapid development of this industry in Tamil Nadu is the result of the abundant availability of hydel power for the mills.
(b) Lower labour costs at centres like Ujjain, Bharuch, Agra. Hathras, Coimbatore and Tirunelvelt also caused industries to be located away from cotton producing areas.
(vi) Today cotton textile industry is located in almost every state of India on the basis of one or more favourable locational factors.
(vii) Importance of raw materials has given way to the market or to a cheaper local labour force or to availability of power.
Q.16. State the various problems faced by the Petrochemical industry of India.
Ans :- Problems faced by the Indi petrochemical industry:
(i) The manufacturing units mostly use obsolete technology and are not able to produce optimally.
(ii) There is a necessity for the modernization of equipments
(iii) Excise duty on synthetic fiber should be rationalized
(iv) Prevention of reservation on Small Scale Units
(v) Plastic waste to be recycled and the littering habits to be discouraged
(vi) India requires advantage on feedstock, so the import cost has to be brought down
(vii) The industry should have access to the primary amenities of infrastructure.
Q.17. What are the major features of liberalization?
Ans :- Essential features of Liberalisation :
(i) Make the industry freedom from unnecessary controls and restrictions.
(ii) Abolish processing equipment except a short list.
(iii) Abolish restriction on expansion of contraction of business activities.
(iv) Removal the restriction on the movement of goods and services.
(v) Freedom in fixation of price of goods and services.
(vi) Minimising tax rates.
(vii) Easy forcing capital and technology.
(vii) Simplifying the system of import and export.
Q.18. What are the major indices used for clustering of industries?
Ans : (i) Several indices are used to identify the clustering of industries.
(ii) Some important among them are :
(a) The number of industrial units.
(b) Number of industrial workers.
(iii) Quantum of power used for industrial purposes.
(iv) Total industrial output and
(v) Value added by manufacturing etc.
Q.19. Give the major features of globalization.
Ans :- Essential features of Globalization:
(i) Global outlook towards economic activities.
(ii) Free flow of goods and services across countries.
(iii) Free flow of capital across nations.
(iv) Free flow of information technology.
(v) Free movement of people across borders.
(vi) Establishment of common and acceptable mechanism settlement of disputes.
Q.20. Write the major features of foreign collaboration.
Ans :- The major features of foreign collaboration for the growth of business are as follows :
(i) Agreement : Foreign collaboration is an agreement or contract between two or more companies from different countries for mutual benefit. The collaborating agreement can be between :
(a) Domestic and foreign private firm.
(b) Domestic and foreign public firm.
(c) Domestic Public and foreign private firm.
(d) Domestic government and foreign government.
(ii) Government consent : Foreign collaboration is now recognized as an important driver of growth in the country. Foreign collaboration requires Government approval, as the collaboration involves partnership between two countries. Some legal formalities are to be fulfilled to enter into a contract. That requires government permission.
(iii) World integration : Globalisation means integration of the world economy, where the world becomes a single market. Foreign collaboration allows different countries to enter into partnership and reap the benefit. It helps both the developed and developing countries to come together to achieve the common objectives and maintains international peace.
(iv) Growth of the industrial sector : Foreign collaboration leads to growth of industries of the countries coming into contract. Foreign collaboration develops industries and increases employment opportunities, thereby improving the working conditions of the masses. Foreign collaboration encourages domestic and international entrepreneurs to invest in business activities and accelerates industrial growth.
(v) Gives legal Identity : Foreign collaboration is a legal entity between two or more parties for a particular purpose or venture.
(vi) Helps to meet our requirements : As no country in the world is self-sufficient in itself. All countries need to be dependent on each other to meet out the requirements. Interdependence among countries is a common phenomenon these days. Foreign collaboration is very useful in meeting out the deficiencies of the resources and in getting advanced technology with competitive prices.
Q.21. Give an account of Gujarat industrial region.
Ans :- The nucleus of this region lies between Ahmedabad and Vadodara but this region extends upto Valsad and Surat in the south and to Jamnagar in the west. Development of this region is also associated with the location of the cotton textile industry since the 1860s. This region became an important textile industry in Mumbai. Located in a cotton growing area, this region has the double advantage of the proximity of raw materials as well as of the market.
The discovery of oil fields led to the establishment of petrochemical industries around Ankleshwar. Vadodara and Jamnagar. The port at Kandla helped in the rapid growth of this region. Petroleum refinery at Koyali provided raw materials to a host of petrochemical industries. The industrial structure is now diversified. Besides, textiles (cotton, silk and synthetic fabrics) and petrochemical industries, other industries are heavy and basic chemicals, motor, tractor, diesel engines, textile machinery, engineering. pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, sugar, dairy products and food processing. Recently the largest petroleum refinery has been set up at Jamnagar. Important industrial centres of this region are Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Bharuch, Koyali, Anand, Khera, Surendranagar, Rajkot, Surat, Valsad and Jamnagar.
Q.22. Write the major features of Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerat region.
Ans :- Industries located in this region have shown very fast growth in the recent past. This region is located far away from the mineral and power resources, and therefore, the industries are light and market-oriented. Electronics, light engineering and electrical goods are major industries of this region. Besides, there are cotton woollen and synthetic fabrics, hosiery, sugar, cement, machine tools, tractor, cycle, agricultural implements, chemical and vanaspati industries which have developed on a large scale.
Software industry is a recent addition. To the south lies the Agra-Mathura industrial area which specialised in glass and leather goods. Mathura with an oil refinery is a petrochemical complex. Among industrial centres, mention be made of Guragaon, Delhi, Shahdara, Faridabad, Meerut, Modinagar. Ghaziabad, Ambala, Agra and Mathura.
Q.23. Give a note on Chotanagpur industrial region.
Ans :- Chotanagpur industrial region extends over Jharkhand, northern Orissa and western West Bengal and is known for the heavy metallurgical industries. This region owes its development to the discovery of coal in the Damodar Valley and metallic and non-metallic minerals in Jharkhand and northern Orissa. Proximity to coal, iron ore and other minerals facilitated the location of heavy industries in this region, Six large integrated iron and steel plants at Jamshedpur, Burnpur Kulti, Durgapur, Bokaro and Rourkela are located within this region.
To meet the power requirement. thermal and hydroelectric plants have been constructed in the Damodar Valley. Densely populated surrounding regions provide cheap labour and Hugli region provides a vast market for its industries. Heavy engineering. machine tools, fertilisers, cement, paper, locomotives and heavy electricals are some of the important industries in this region. Important centres are Ranchi, Dhanbad, Chaibasa, Sindri, Hazaribag. Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Rourkela, Durgapur, Asansol and Dalmianagar.
Q.24. What are the major indices used for Clustering of Industries.
Ans :- (i) Several indices are used to identify the clustering of industries.
(ii) Some important among them are :
(a) The number of industrial units.
(b) Number of industrial workers.
(iii) Quantum of power used for industrial purposes.
(iv) Total industrial output and
(v) Value added by manufacturing etc.
Q.25. Write the major features of Liberalisation of Industries.
Ans :- Essential features of Liberalisation :
(i) Make the industry freedom from unnecessary controls and restrictions.
(ii) Abolish processing equipment except a short list.
(iii) Abolish restriction on expansion of contraction of business activities.
(iv) Removal the restriction on the movement of goods and services.
(v) Freedom in fixation of price of goods and services.
(vi) Minimising tax rates.
(vii) Easy forcing capital and technology.
(vii) Simplifying the system of import and export.
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