SEBA Class 9 Health Care Important Chapter 1 Human Body Structure and Functions

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SEBA Class 9 Health Care Important Chapter 1 Human Body Structure and Functions

Also, you can read the SEBA book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Board of Secondary Education, Assam (SEBA) Book guidelines. SEBA Class 9 Health Care Important Notes. are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Class 9 Health Care Additional Solutions for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Human Body Structure and Functions

Chapter: 1

IMPORTANT SOLUTIONS

Short Question Answers

1. What is the difference between gross anatomy and micro anatomy?

Answer: Gross anatomy is the study of human organs that can be seen with the naked eye, whereas micro anatomy involves the deep study of human structures, tissues, and cells using a microscopic examination scale.

2. What are the two types of cell division that take place in the human body?

Ans: The two types of cell reproduction in the human body are mitosis and meiosis.

3. What is the specific function of the Golgi bodies in an animal cell?

Ans: Golgi bodies consist of groups of canal-like structures near the nucleus where proteins synthesized in the cell are concentrated or processed for secretion.

4. How is simple epithelium classified based on the shape of its cells?

Ans: Simple epithelium is classified as columnar epithelium (tall cells), cuboidal epithelium (short and broad cells), and squamous epithelium (flat and thin cells).

5. What are the three main types of fibers present in connective tissue?

Ans: The three main types of fibers in connective tissue are collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers.

6. What is the role of red bone marrow, and where is it found in adults?

Ans: Red bone marrow produces blood cells, and in adults, it is present only in certain bones like the sternum (breast bone), ribs, and vertebrae.

7. What are the three distinct parts of a human tooth?

Ans: there are three distinct parts of a human tooth:

(i) A tooth possesses a crown.

(ii)  a root.

(iii) a neck.

8. Where does the Wharton’s duct open, and which gland’s secretion does it carry?

Ans: The Wharton’s duct carries the secretion of the submandibular glands and opens into the floor of the mouth.

9. What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?

Ans: The epiglottis closes the inlet of the larynx during the passage of food, preventing the food from entering into the airway/larynx.

10. What is the peritoneum, and what are its two layers called?

Ans: The peritoneum is the largest serous membrane in the body. It has a parietal layer lining the abdominal walls and a visceral layer covering the abdominal organs.

11. What are the Islets of Langerhans, and what is their function?

Ans: The Islets of Langerhans are irregular areas between the pancreatic alveoli that act as an endocrine portion, secreting insulin directly into adjacent blood capillaries.

12. Which blood vessels provide the liver with its double blood supply?

Ans: The liver receives oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery and nutrient-rich blood from the portal vein.

13. What is the function of the superior vena cava?

Ans: The superior vena cava is a large vein that receives deoxygenated blood mainly from the head, neck, and upper limbs, bringing it to the right atrium of the heart.

14. Where exactly does the exchange of gases take place in the lungs?

Ans: The exchange of gases takes place between the air present in the alveoli and the blood flowing in the capillary network.

15. What is the function of the sebaceous glands in the human skin?

Ans: Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, an oily substance that helps keep the skin supple and prevents hair from becoming dry and brittle.

Long Question Answers

1. Detail the anatomical structure and main functions of the human stomach.

Ans: The stomach is the most dilatable portion of the alimentary canal, located in the epigastric region of the abdomen. Structurally, it consists of an upper part called the fundus (which normally contains air), a main body, and a lower horizontal section called the pyloric portion. It connects to the oesophagus from above and communicates with the small intestine via the pyloric orifice. The inner lining of the stomach contains gastric glands featuring peptic cells that produce pepsinogen, and oxyntic cells that produce hydrochloric acid (HCl). The HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, allowing the partial digestion of food to take place in the stomach.

2. Describe the structure and specific components of the skin’s dermis layer.

Ans: The dermis is the inner layer of the skin located beneath the epidermis and is primarily composed of connective tissue. It houses several important structures, including sweat glands (which regulate body temperature by producing sweat) and sebaceous glands (which secrete sebum to keep the skin supple and hair from drying out). It also contains nerve endings and receptors that are responsible for general sensations like touch, pain, temperature, and pressure. Additionally, the dermis contains hair follicles with attached arrector pili muscles (which contract to make hair stand straight), adipose tissue that acts as an insulator, and blood vessels. 

3. Explain the passage of air through the human respiratory tract from the nose to the lungs.

Ans: Air enters the respiratory system through the anterior nasal aperture into the nasal cavity, where hairs act as a sieve to filter out dust and foreign particles. It then passes into the nasopharynx and down through the pharynx, which acts as a common pathway for both air and food. From the pharynx, air enters the larynx (the voice box) through a slit-like inlet. This inlet is protected by the epiglottis, which shuts during swallowing to prevent food from entering. The air continues down through the trachea and bronchial tree until it reaches the lungs, which are enclosed in pleural sacs within the thoracic cavity. Finally, the air reaches the alveoli where gaseous exchange with the capillary network occurs.

4. Describe the components and flow of fluid through the human urinary system, starting from the nephron.

Ans: The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which consists of a renal corpuscle (containing a capillary bed called the glomerulus inside a Bowman’s Capsule) and renal tubules. Fluid from the blood is filtered into the Bowman’s Capsule and passes through the renal tubules, where water and certain salts are reabsorbed into the body. The remaining fluid becomes urine and enters larger collecting ducts. From these ducts, urine passes into the ureters, which are thick-walled cylindrical tubes that carry the urine down the abdomen and into the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder acts as a reservoir, holding up to an average capacity of 220 c.c. (and can distend up to 500 c.c.) before it is expelled.

5. Explain the pathway of blood circulation within the four chambers of the heart.

Ans: The heart contains two receiving chambers (atria) and two pumping chambers (ventricles). Deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, trunk, and lower limbs is brought into the right atrium by the superior and inferior vena cava, while blood from the heart walls is delivered by the coronary sinus. This blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pumps the blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk and arteries, sending it to the lungs for oxygenation. After receiving oxygen in the lungs, the blood is returned to the left atrium via four pulmonary veins. Finally, the blood moves into the left ventricle, which powerfully pumps it through the aortic valve into the ascending aorta to be distributed to the entire body.