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SEBA Class 9 Health Care Chapter 2 Healthcare Delivery System
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Healthcare Delivery System
Chapter: 2
| SESSION 1: LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM |
| Check Your Progress |
A. Fill in the Blanks
1. The Healthcare services should be promotive, __________________ and rehabilitative.
Ans: Preventive, curative.
2. In India, Healthcare services are generally provided by __________________ government.
Ans: Central.
3. A highly specialized Healthcare comes under __________________ level.
Ans: Tertiary health care.
4. One sub – center is established for every__________________in general area.
Ans: 5000 population.
B. Write the short answer questions
1. Define the following:
(a) write Healthcare delivery system.
Ans: The healthcare delivery system is the system of inter-related services provided to citizens or populations to maintain, restore, or prevent the health of an individual or population. These healthcare services are delivered by medical and paramedical professionals working under various public and private organizations, offering different levels of medical care ranging from primary to quaternary levels of healthcare facilities
(b) write levels of Healthcare system.
Ans: The levels of the healthcare system are:
(i) Primary healthcare level: This is the basic unit or backbone of the healthcare delivery system. It includes services for the day-to-day medical care needs of the community, offering whole care ranging from the promotion of health and prevention of diseases to treatment and rehabilitation. This essential care is offered by Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and their sub-centres.
(ii) Secondary healthcare level: This is the next higher level of care, served by subject-specific experts (such as cardiologists, nephrologists, and endocrinologists) to deal with more complex problems. It is mainly offered in district or multispecialty hospitals.
(iii) Tertiary healthcare level: This is a further specialized level than secondary care and involves specific facilities and the attention of highly specialized health professionals (e.g., for conducting a coronary artery bypass surgery). These institutes are well-equipped with modern medical technology for intensive and emergency care.
(iv) Quaternary Care: This is an expansion of tertiary care that is more precise and highly unusual. It is only offered at particular medical centers and includes experimental medicine and procedures.
| SESSION 2: HOSPITAL |
| Check Your Progress |
A. Match the following
| Column A | Column B |
| 1. Diagnostic services | (a) Medical and surgical |
| 2. Therapeutic services | (b) Housekeeping, Transport |
| 3. Information services | (c) Management services |
| 4. Support services | (d) Record and report |
| 5. Administrative services | (e) Medical laboratory |
Ans:
| Column A | Column B |
| 1. Diagnostic services | (e) Medical laboratory |
| 2. Therapeutic services | (a) Medical and surgical |
| 3. Information services | (d) Record and report |
| 4. Support services | (b) Housekeeping, Transport |
| 5. Administrative services | (c) Management services |
B. Short Answer Questions
1. Define hospital according to WHO?
Ans: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a hospital is defined as “an integral part of social and medical organization, the function of which is to provide complete healthcare, both preventive and curative for the population”.
2. write the components of hospital?
Ans: The major components of a hospital are:
(i) Diagnostic Services: Includes medical laboratories, radiology, emergency medicine, and diagnostic research to determine the cause of a disease.
(ii) Clinical and Therapeutic Services: Includes medical and surgical facilities, nursing, pharmacy, dietary care, physical/occupational/speech therapy, and alternative medicine
(iii) Support Services: Includes housekeeping, transportation, central supply, bio-medical waste management, telemedicine, and social services.
(iv) Information Services: Includes admission, medical records, reception, billing, human resources, and health education.
(v) Administrative Services: Includes personnel, finance, policies, public relation duties, and management services.
3. write the functions of hospital?
Ans: Functions of Hospital are:
(i) Restorative Functions: Restorative care includes diagnostic, curative, rehabilitative and Emergency services activity. The aim of restorative care is to recover the patient from severe or acute illness. A team of medical and allied health professional works in comprehensive way to restore quality of life and brig the patient to normal life by all physical and mental mean. This comprises all diagnostic, medical or clinical and therapeutic services.
(ii) Preventive Functions: prevention of illness and communicable diseases, immunization, supervision of pregnancy, normal growth and development of children, health education services, health screening, check-ups included in preventive functions. Preventive function target to assist population or person to remain healthy and aware of early sign of any disease or health emergency so as to manage the illness at early stage with less complication.
(iii) Training and Research in health and medicine: training of medical, paramedical and other support staff to enhance the skills or knowledge of medical and health professionals. Research carried out in hospitals in the area of Physical, psychological, Clinical medicine, Hospital practices and administration and social aspects of health and diseases for better services and exploring newer medical technologies and knowledge of medical care.
4. prepare a list of various departments of hospitals and their functions.
Ans: The various departments of a hospital and their functions are as follows:
(i) In-Patient Departments (IPD): Provides specialized medical care for patients who are admitted to the hospital for various diseases and conditions, utilizing experts like cardiologists, orthopedics, and pediatricians.
(ii) Out-Patient Department (OPD): Provides consultation, investigation, preventive healthcare, and rehabilitation services without admitting the patient, which helps keep treatment costs down.
(iii) Laboratories: Conducts investigative tests on bodily samples. It includes the Bacteriology, Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology, and Parasitology labs, as well as the Blood Bank.
(iv) Kitchen/Dietary Department: Ensures nutritional support and quality food service according to the patients’ needs and doctors’ prescriptions.
(v) Cleaning and Laundry Department: Takes care of the entire hospital linen, including washing dirty linen, repairing torn linen, and replacing condemned linen.
(vi) Housekeeping: Responsible for maintaining the cleanliness of the hospital building and applying sanitation techniques that prevent the spread of diseases.
(vii) Administration: Manages the overall functioning of the hospital. This includes the Purchasing Department (buying supplies and equipment) and the Finance and Accounts Department (collecting money, paying bills, budgeting, and keeping asset records).
5. classify the hospital on their ownership?
Ans: Based on ownership, hospitals can be classified into three main categories:
(i) Private Hospitals: These are owned by voluntary agencies or private organizations and operate without financial interference from the government.
(ii) Semi-government Hospitals: These facilities are collectively managed by private organizations and the government for internal matters.
(iii) Government (Public) Hospitals: Institutions run and managed by the central or state government to provide free or subsidized healthcare.
| SESSION 3: DESCRIBE REHABILITATION CARE FACILITIES |
| Check Your Progress |
A Fill in the blanks
1. The addiction rehabilitation centers treat people those candidate to _____________ and _____________.
Ans: Drugs and alcohol.
2. The motor skills of patient can be treated in _____________.
Ans: Occupational or Physical rehabilitation.
3. Psychosocial rehabilitation specialized in the treatment of _____________.
Ans: Psychiatric disorders
A. Multiple Choice Questions
1. Rehabilitation center helps an sick person to _____________ activities to function normally.
(a) Restore.
(b) Reciprocate.
(c) Determinate.
(d) Retort.
Ans: (a) Restore.
2. A 24 year person lost his left limb following an accident. Which all rehabilitation procedure will he have undergo.
(a) Drug addiction center.
(b) Physical and occupational therapy center.
(c) Psycho-social.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (b) Physical and occupational therapy center.
3. Rehabilitation center is provided services ____________.
(a) Physiotherapy.
(b) Speech therapy.
(c) Cognitive therapy.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (d) All of the above.
B. Shorts Answer Questions
1. Write the functions of rehabilitation center?
Ans: The functions of a rehabilitation center are:
(i) Increasing the quality of life and helping the patient integrate back into the community.
(ii) Providing 24-hour medical and therapeutic support in a structured environment to rebuild a patient’s strength, endurance, and functioning before they return home.
(iii) Creating a specialized care plan (led by doctors, nurses, and therapists) to help individuals regain their strength and independence.
(iv) Providing guidance and support to the family and caregivers of the individual.
2. Write the categories of rehabilitation center?
Ans: Rehabilitation centers are categorized into four main types:
(i) Occupational Rehabilitation Centers: These use occupational therapy to help individuals regain the skills needed for daily functioning, such as eating, writing, and dressing.
(ii) Physical Rehabilitation Centers: These focus on physical therapy and exercises to help patients regain motor skills, often treating accident-related injuries, limb loss, or degenerative bone and muscle diseases.
(iii) Addiction Rehabilitation Centers: These provide comprehensive care to help individuals overcome drug, alcohol, or other behavioral addictions.
(iv) Psychosocial Centers: These specialize in treating and rehabilitating the mind, helping individuals with psychiatric disorders (like major depression or schizophrenia) stabilize and cope while living in society.
3. Explain the drug addiction center?
Ans: An addiction rehabilitation center provides comprehensive care for individuals addicted to drugs and alcohol. The primary goal is to help a person leave their bad habits behind so they can get back on the right path and live a happy, productive, and successful life. These centers offer both in-patient and out-patient programs to treat various addiction problems, which can also include eating disorders and gambling.
4. Write the importance of physiotherapy in our life?
Ans: Physiotherapy (or physical therapy) is highly important because it uses physical medicine to improve the health and quality of life for people of all age groups. It relies on physical interventions—like massage therapy, mechanical force, and body movement exercises—to treat illnesses, bone injuries, accidents, muscle strains, disabilities, and deformities. Physiotherapy is especially vital for rehabilitating patients who have suffered accident-related injuries, lost a limb, or are dealing with spinal, muscular, or bone problems due to degenerative diseases.
5. Write the General human body parts movement?
Ans: The general movements of body parts in relation to each other and the plane of the body are described as follows:
(i) Flexion: A movement that decreases the angle between body parts.
(ii) Extension: A movement that increases the angle between body parts.
(iii) Abduction: A motion that pulls a structure away from the midline of the body or limb.
(iv) Adduction: A motion that pulls a structure towards the midline of the body or limb.
(v) nternal rotation (medial rotation): Rotation towards the center of the body.
(vi) External rotation (lateral rotation): Rotation away from the center of the body.
(vii) Elevation: Movement in a superior (upward) direction.
(viii) Depression: Movement in an inferior (downward) direction.
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