NIOS Class 12 Military History Chapter 7 Battles of Mughal Army

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NIOS Class 12 Military History Chapter 7 Battles of Mughal Army

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Battles of Mughal Army

Chapter: 7

MODULE – II: MILITARY HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA

Intext Questions 7.1 

1. What is the significance of the Battle of Panipat? 

Ans: It was one of the earliest battles involving the use of gunpowder firearms and field artillery in India.

2. Why did Daulat Khan Lodi invite Babur to invade India? 

Ans: Ibrahim Lodi’s harsh rule built discontent among many and hence the governor of Punjab Daulat Khan invited Babur to invade India.

Intext Questions 7.2 

1. What is Tulghuma and Araba? 

Ans: Tulghuma is a tactic aimed at dividing the whole army into small units and placing them on the flanks centre where as the Araba meant carts that were  placed in large numbers in rows facing the enemy and tied to each other with ropes.

2. What was the outcome of the battle of Panipat?

Ans: Establishment of Mughal dynasty.

Intext Questions 7.3 

1. Who were the opposing forces at the Battle of Khanwa? 

Ans: Babur and Rana Sangha of Mewar.

2. What was the outcome of the Battle of Khanwa?

Ans:  Babur won the battle.

Terminal Exercises

1. What military tactics were employed by Babur in the first battle of Panipat?

Ans: Babur succeeded in winning the battle owing to new tactics introduced by him such as the Tulghuma and the Araba.

(i) Tulghuma is a tactic aimed at dividing the whole army into small units and placing them on the flanks.

(ii) Araba meant carts that were placed in large numbers in rows facing the enemy and tied to each other with ropes.

(iii) Babur further divided the divisions on the flanks into Forward and Rear divisions.

(iv) Babur split his army into formations so as to encircle the enemy from all sides.

(v) Behind the carts cannons were placed, protected and supported by mantlets which could be used to easily maneuver the cannons.

(vi) The cannons could be fired without any fear of being hit, as they were shielded by the bullock carts held in place by ropes.

(vii) The heavy cannons could also change their direction for new targets, as they could be maneuvered by the mantlets which were on wheels.

(viii) Babur’s tactics at Panipat showed the influence of a mix of two military traditions – The Ottoman and the Mongol-timurid traditions. The adoption of the cart-wagon line allowed them to create artificial defenses for their infantry.

(ix) Babur’s men used gunpowder effectively against Lodi’s army, with the help of two experienced Ottoman gunners specially brought for the purpose.

2. What were the battlefield tactics employed by Babur in the Battle of Chanderi?

Ans: The town’s location meant Babur’s artillery was less effective than normal because Babur’s chief of ordnance was unable to find a position above the height of the walls.

Consequently, the following tactics and preparation were used:

(i) Work began on building a mound for the mortar.

(ii) The rest of the army was ordered to build ladders and mantlets.

(iii) The success of the assault was attributed to the strategic planning and clever use of men and weapons by Babur.