NIOS Class 12 Military History Chapter 8 Rise and Fall of the Mughal Empire Solutions English Medium As Per New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters NIOS Class 12 Military History Chapter 8 Rise and Fall of the Mughal Empire Notes and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Military History Chapter 8 Rise and Fall of the Mughal Empire Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Military History Notes Paper 375.
NIOS Class 12 Military History Chapter 8 Rise and Fall of the Mughal Empire
Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Military History English Medium Solutions, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Military History Notes in English for All Chapter, You can practice these here.
Rise and Fall of the Mughal Empire
Chapter: 8
| MODULE – II: MILITARY HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA |
Intext Questions 8.1
1. How were the Mansabs honoured?
Ans: Titles, Robes of Honor and Gifts.
2. When was the second battle of Panipat fought?
Ans: October 1556.
3. Who were the opposing forces?
Ans: Akbar and Hemu.
Intext Questions 8.2
1. When was the battle of Haldighati fought and who were the opposing forces?
Ans: June 1576 between Akbar and Maharana Rana Pratap Singh.
2. What was the outcome of the battle?
Ans: Akbar won the battle.
| Terminal Exercises |
1. What do you understand by the Mansabdari system?
Ans: Mansabdari was a system first introduced by Akbar for military administration with the objective of sustaining his army. It was a system originally borrowed from Central Asia but in the Indian context Akbar included Indian Muslims, Rajputs and Afghans as well. The system served as the basis for maintaining Mughal military and civil administration. In this system every man in the Mughal State who was employed above the position of a common soldier (or messenger) became a mansab. A Mansab belonged to both civil and military administration and could be transferred from one department to another. In other words it is a position, rank or status within the army.
The Mansabdari System is a system of military administration first introduced by Akbar in 1571. He wanted to maintain his army by including Hindus and Muslims and giving them ranks or positions in the military depending upon how many armed men they could bring with them.
2. Write a short note on the second battle of Panipat.
Ans: The Second Battle of Panipat marked the beginning of Akbar’s rule and also his territorial expansion. It was fought in 1556, between the army of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya (Hemu) and the forces of Akbar. This was during the early phase of dominance of Mughals in India where, their rule was restricted to parts of Punjab, Delhi and Afghan. It was the victory at the second battle that further consolidation and expansion of Mughal empire took place.
Hemu was the Prime Minister of Adil Shah Suri of the Suri Dynasty. He was also known as Hemachandra Vikramaditya. A month before the second battle of Panipat took place, Hemu attacked Delhi and won over Akbar’s forces in the Battle of Delhi 1556. He then crowned himself as Samrat Hemachandra Vikramaditya. However, the following month in November 1556 Akbar counter attacked Hemu at Panipat and took over the rule of Delhi.
Ali Quli Khan Shaibani was sent by Akbar with a strong cavalry unit to destroy the train of Hemu’s artillery which was weakly guarded. This proved to be a major handicap for Hemu. Although Hemu had lost his artillery to the Mughals even before the actual battle started, his forces were still numerically superior to those of Mughals. Hemu’s army was composed of 30,000 strong cavalry and a mighty contingent of 500 elephants. Hemu led his army from the front, atop an elephant named Hawai. The Mughal military formation was on the traditional lines with left and right flanks and vanguard assisting the centre. There were at least 10,000 horses in the cavalry of Mughals. Akbar and Bairam Khan stayed in the rear of their forces, 8 miles from the battleground.
In the battle Hemu was wounded by a stray arrow and captured. Later, Akbar’s regent, Bairam Khan beheaded Hemu. After the Second Battle of Panipat, the victors occupied Delhi and Agra and the sovereignty of Akbar over Delhi was confirmed.
3. What were the tactics employed by the Mughals at the battle of Haldighati?
Ans: The Mughal army deployed with skirmishers holding the front line, behind which was deployed the vanguard. Then came the powerful centre while the flanks were protected by strong contingents deployed on the left as well as the right wings. In the rear were the mobile enveloping contingents who were used to attack the flanks and rear of the enemy army.
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