NIOS Class 12 Military History Chapter 16 Indo-Pakistan War

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NIOS Class 12 Military History Chapter 16 Indo-Pakistan War

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Indo-Pakistan War (1947-1948)

Chapter: 16

MODULE – V: MAJOR WARS POST INDEPENDENCE

Intext Questions 16.1 

1. Who was Maharaja Hari Singh? 

Ans: Maharaja Hari Singh was the King of Kashmir at the time of India Pakistan War in 1947-1948.

2. Who were the first invaders in Kashmir during 1947? 

Ans: Hazara Tribesmen, Pashtun tribesmen.

3. When was the Instrument of Accession signed between the Government of India and Maharaja Hari Singh?

Ans: 26th October 1947.

Intext Questions 16.2 

1. Which areas in Jammu and Kashmir did raiders from Pakistan capture? 

Ans: Muzaffarabad, Domel, Uri and Baramula.

2. Who was Lieutenant Colonel Dewan Ranjit Rai and why was he awarded Maha Vir Chakra in 1947? 

Ans: Lieutenant Colonel Dewan Ranjit Rai commanded the 1 Sikh Division. He stopped the advance of the Pakistani invaders and secured Srinagar airport. Against overwhelming odds Rai and his soldiers fought for two days and he was killed in defence of Srinagar. For his brave action he was awarded the Mahavir Chakra.

Intext Questions 16.3 

1. On a map of India mark the following: 

(a) Zoji La 

(b) Kargil, Dras and Matayin. 

Ans: Locate in the map of India.

2. What was the name of the operation for the liberation of Kargil in the year 1948?

Ans: Locate in the map of India.

Intext Questions 16.4 

1. What do you know about Police Action in Hyderabad? 

Ans: It was an operation carried out by the Indian Security Forces to annex Hyderabad into the Indian Union.

2. Why was annexation of Hyderabad necessary? 

Ans: It was an operation carried out by the Indian Security Forces to annex Hyderabad into the Indian Union.

3. When was Operation POLO launched?

Ans: 13 September 1948.

Intext Questions 16.5 

1. What was Operation Vijay? 

Ans: Operation VIJAY was a military action carried out by the Indian Armed Forces to liberate the Portuguese occupied Indian Territories.

2. When was Operation VIJAY launched? 

Ans: 13 December 1961.

3. When was Goa liberated from the Portuguese? 

Ans: 19 December 1961

Terminal Exercises

1. Write a brief note on the background of 1947 India Pakistan War.

Ans: India and Pakistan gained independence amidst population displacement and violence. Kashmir became the major bone of contention during the Partition. The ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, whose state was situated between the two new countries, could not decide which country to join. The King, Maharaja Hari Singh was a Hindu but his population was predominantly Muslim. Instead, he signed a “standstill” agreement with Pakistan in order that services such as trade, travel and communication would be uninterrupted. India did not sign a similar agreement. Pakistan violated this agreement as soon as it was signed and started applying economic and other pressures to force it to accede to Pakistan. The only rail link with Jammu & Kashmir was cut off and the traffic along the main road Srinagar-Rawalpindi was also interfered with. When these pressures failed, tribal raids were organized from Pakistan into various parts of Jammu & Kashmir.

This became the beginning of the Kashmir problem. When the first phase commenced, thousands of raiders came across the border and carried out several border raids along the Pakistan – Kashmir border. This phase started on 20th October 1947. These raiders mostly comprised Hazara and Pashtun tribesmen from Pakistan’s North-West Frontier Province. On 24th October, the ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh, sent an urgent message to Governor General of India, Lord Mountbatten, seeking immediate India’s help to stop the invaders. When Pakistan launched a large-scale offensive, Kashmir accepted to merge with India by signing the Instrument of Accession on 26th October 1947. War with Pakistan in August 1947 led to the signing of the instrument of accession. This further caused tensions in Pakistan and it sent its troops and Mujahideens to take over Kashmir. The war of 1947 was the first of the many wars between India and Pakistan.