NIOS Class 12 Military History Chapter 22 Terrorism

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NIOS Class 12 Military History Chapter 22 Terrorism

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Terrorism

Chapter: 22

MODULE – VI: INSURGENCY AND TERRORISM

Intext Questions 22.1 

1. When did terrorism start in the world? 

Ans: 1 Century A.D.

2. Name any three characteristics of Terrorism.

Ans: Has a political aim; It is violent; Targets civilians children and armed forces.

Terminal Exercises

1. What do you understand by the term Non State Actor? 

Ans: A Non-State Actor is an individual or organisation that has significant political, social, or military influence but does not belong to any official government or state. These groups operate independently of state control and may sometimes receive support from certain countries.

Non-state actors are usually organised groups with a proper command structure, including leaders and members. They function outside the authority of the state and often use various means, including weapons and violence, to achieve their objectives.

Such groups can influence national and international affairs and may challenge the authority of governments. Examples include militant groups, terrorist organisations, and other independent political or armed groups.

2. Write a short note of 30 words on the history of Terrorism.

Ans:errorism dates back to the 1st century A.D. Early groups used violence for political aims. The Irish Republican Brotherhood (1858) used modern methods, followed by Narodnaya Volya (1878) in Russia, which carried out political assassinations.

3. What are the types of terrorism found in India?

Ans: According to the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, terrorism in India is of different types:

(i) Narco-terrorism: Narco-terrorism refers to terrorism that is financed through illegal drug trafficking. Terrorist groups use money earned from the sale and smuggling of drugs to fund their activities, purchase weapons, and carry out violent attacks. It poses a serious threat to both national security and public health.

(ii) Left-wing terrorism (Naxalism): Left-wing terrorism, also known as Naxalism, is driven by extremist communist ideology. These groups aim to overthrow the government and establish their own system of governance. They are mainly active in rural and forest regions and often target government officials, security forces, and infrastructure.

(iii) Ethno-nationalist terrorism: Ethno-nationalist terrorism arises due to ethnic, cultural, or regional differences. Such groups demand separate states or independence for their communities. These movements are often rooted in feelings of neglect, discrimination, or lack of development.