NIOS Class 12 Military History Chapter 9 Colonial Era and the Indian Sepoy

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NIOS Class 12 Military History Chapter 9 Colonial Era and the Indian Sepoy

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Colonial Era and the Indian Sepoy

Chapter: 9

MODULE – III: MILITARY HISTORY OF THE COLONIAL ERA

Intext Questions 9.1 

1. Who came first and explored India? 

Ans: The Dutch.

2. Who landed in Calicut, India in1498?

Ans: Vasco Da Gama.

Intext Question 9.2 

1. Who established first Dutch factory in Masulipatnam? 

Ans: Admiral Van Der Hagen.

2. Mention few places where the Dutch established their factories in India. 

Ans: Masulipattinam, Pettapoli, Pulicat.

3. Who established the French East India Company in India?

Ans: Francois Martin.

Intext Questions 9.3 

1. What is the meaning of Presidency? 

Ans: Presidency means an office where the President sits and controls the area under him/her.

2. When was Bengal Presidency established?

Ans: 1765

Terminal Exercises

1. Name the countries of Europe that came to India for trade and commerce.

Ans: The countries involved were Portugal, France, Holland and Gt. Britain.

2. How did the Portuguese occupy the Indian territory?

Ans: Portuguese occupied the Indian territory by not only establishing factories on the coast of India, but also by establishing military garrisons at a number of strategic points, i.e. at the entrance of the Red Sea and elsewhere outside India to make sure that these strategic places were under their control to do business. They set up military garrisons in India in order to avoid any conflicts with the local Zamorins of Calicut as well as with the Muslim rulers.

3. How did the British capture the Dutch strongholds in Eastern India?

Ans: Due to the Anglo-Dutch rivalry, Trivancore Marthanda Varma gave a fatal blow to the Dutch East India Company in the battle of Colachel in 1741, which resulted in complete defeat of Dutch power in Malabar. As a result the British made use of this victory and so they captured the Dutch strongholds.

4. Which of the combined armies that the Britishers defeated at the battle of Buxar in 1764?

Ans: The Britishers defeated the combined Mughal armies of Nawab of Bengal, Nawab of Awadh and King Shah Alam II.

5. What does the title of Viceroy signify?

Ans: The title of Viceroy was introduced who was the representative of the British Crush in India.

6. Mention the role of Presidencies created by the Britishers in India.

Ans: The role of the Presidencies created in Kolkatta, Chennai and Mumbai were as follows:

(i) To have an administrative office to control the activity of trade and commerce from the ports.

(ii) To ensure the safety and security of the goods and services of the trading companies.

(iii) To build a strong army in order to expand and establish control in India.

Thus, the three Presidencies of Madras, Bengal and Bombay were created both as administrative as well as military centers.