Class 11 History Important Chapter 1 Early Societies

Class 11 History Important Chapter 1 Early Societies Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 11 History Important Solutions and select need one. AHSEC Class 11 Elective History Additional Notes English Medium Download PDF. HS 1st Year History Important Solutions in English.

Class 11 History Important Chapter 1 Early Societies

Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. ASSEB Class 11 Elective History Additional Question Answer are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given HS 1st Year Elective History Important Notes in English for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Early Societies

Chapter: 1

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Short Question and Answer:

1. Why did humans start living permanently in villages or cities?

Ans: After the beginning of agriculture, humans began living permanently near farmlands to store their crops.

2. How did primitive humans collect food?

Ans: Primitive humans collected food by gathering plants and hunting various animals.

3. What was the significance of the use of fire?

Ans: Fire helped protect from cold, cook food, and defend against wild animals.

4. Why was the invention of writing important?

Ans: Through writing, business, political activities, and historical preservation became possible.

5. What types of animals did early humans domesticate?

Ans: They domesticated sheep, goats, cows, buffaloes, pigs, and donkeys.

6. Where is Mesopotamia located, and why is it famous?

Ans: Mesopotamia is located in present-day Iraq and is famous for its temples and trade centers.

7. What materials were used to make clothes?

Ans: Clothes were woven from cotton, flax plant fibers, and animal hair.

8. When did humans learn to use copper and other metals?

Ans: Humans learned to extract metals from mines and make jewelry and colors from them about 5000 years ago.

9. What were clay pots used for?

Ans: Clay pots were used to store grains, cook food, and hold water.

10. How did humans know about grains before agriculture?

Ans: By gathering plants, humans learned about their types, growing locations, and seasons.

Long Question and Answer:

1. Describe the tool-making techniques of early humans.

Ans: The use and making of tools was not unique to humans. Animals too prepare themselves to gather food and face sudden threats. For example, chimpanzees use self-made tools when searching for food. However, there was a difference between tools made by humans and by apes. Due to certain anatomical and neural adaptations, human hands could skillfully work this played a vital role in tool usage. Making and using tools often required greater memory and complex techniques, which apes lacked.

The oldest stone tools were found in Ethiopia and Kenya and were likely made by Australopithecus. Whether males or females made them is unknown, but both could have contributed. Males likely made tools for hunting and food gathering.

By 35,000 years ago, advanced hunting tools like spears and bows appeared. Meat was preserved by drying or smoking. Other developments included attempts to capture fur-bearing animals for clothing and the invention of needles. By 21,000 years ago, evidence of sewing tools appeared. A new method of blade-making was used to carve bones, teeth, and wood.

2. Write about the Hadza people.

Ans: The Hadza are a small group of hunters and gatherers who lived near Lake Eyasi. The lake is saline and located in a rift valley. Eastern Hadza territory is dry, rocky savannah filled with thorny bushes, acacia trees, and wild fruits. In the early 20th century, the area had abundant animals like elephants, rhinos, buffaloes, giraffes, zebras, antelope herds, leopards, lions, and hyenas. Smaller animals like foxes, jackals, and wild cats were also found. Except for elephants, the Hadza hunted and ate many of these animals, allowing regular meat consumption. Hunting wasn’t frequent enough to cause extinction.

Vegetables, fruits, tubers, nuts, and seeds were not easily found, but even in drought or cold seasons, they were sufficiently available. There were seasonal variations, but no total scarcity.

They ate seven types of wild honey and bee larvae. Production varied seasonally.

In summer, water was abundant; in winter, it was limited. Still, the Hadza could gather water from 5-6 km away, and their camps were usually within 1 km of water sources.