Class 10 Elective Geography Chapter 7 Practical Geography

Class 10 Elective Geography Chapter 7 Practical Geography Question answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters Assam Board Class 10 Elective Geography Chapter 7 Practical Geography and select needs one.

Class 10 Elective Geography Chapter 7 Practical Geography

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Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given SEBA Class 10 Elective Geography Chapter 7 Practical Geography, Elective Geography Class 10 SEBA Question Answer for All Subject, You can practice these here.

Practical Geography

Chapter: 7

1. What is Scale? It is of how many types and what are they?

Ans: In simple terms, the definition of scale can be given as follows: The ratio of the distance between two places on a map and the corresponding actual distance on the ground is the scale of that map. For example, as shown in Fig. 7.02, the distance between ‘A’ and ‘B’ on the map is 4 cm. But, the actual distance between two places on the earth’s surface is 50 km. Thus, the resultant ratio of the map distance (4 cm) and the ground distance (50 km) between the two places will be the scale of the map. It means 1cm map distance will represent 12.5 km ground distance. Hence, the scale is indispensable for preparation of maps. It is because with the help of the scale of a map we can find out the area of the earth’s surface covered by the map. Besides, the actual distance between places shown on the map can also be determined. Hence, the knowledge of scale is also highly essential for proper study of maps.

Types of Scale: The scale used in maps is expressed in three different ways – by Statement, by Representative Fraction and by Graph or Line. It is important to know that conversion of scale from any one type to the other two is possible.

(a) Scale in Statement: When the distance bet between two distances  between places on the map and the corresponding actual the same two places on the ground are expressed in statement, it is known as Scale in Statement. For example, Icm=5km: 1 inch 10 miles, 2cm = 1km: etc. are the scales in statement Hence, by the scale of a map 1cm = 5km we mean that 1cm distance on the map represents 5 km distance on the ground The scale expressed in this way can be understood very easily.

(b) Scale in Representative Fraction: When the distance between two places on the map and the corresponding distance between the same two places on the ground are represented by a special type of ratio, then it is called Scale in Representative Fraction (R.F.). It can be expressed as 1:1000 or 1/1000. The numerator 1 of this ratio indicates 1 unit map distance and the denominator 1000 represents 1000 units of actual distance on the ground. The speciality of this ratio is that the numerator is always unity or 1. Hence, only the value of denominator Determines the scale of a map. Accordingly, higher the value of denominator, smaller is the map. In this type of scale no unit of stance (cm, inch, meter, km, mile, etc.) is used both in the numerator and denominator. Thus, as per requirement, any unit Histance put by the map-maker or map-reader in the ratio, the e remains correct. For this reason the Scale in Representative tion is used universally.

(c) Graphical Scale: When the ratio between the map and ground distance is shown with the help of a line, it is called a Linear Scale or Graphical Scale. For example, if the statement scale of a map is 1 cm = 20 km, then a straight line measuring a length of 5cm represents a ground distance of 100 km. With the help of such a graphical scale one can easily find out the actual ground distance between any two places from the map. Another advantage of the maps having graphical scale is that when a map is enlarged or reduced at any ratio using a mechanical device, then the length of the graphical scale also gets enlarged or reduced at the same ratio. It means even after doing enlargement or reduction the scale of a map remains correct. That is why now- a-days the importance and use of such graphical scale have increased.

2. Explain with examples the significance of scale in map making.

Ans: The ratio between the distance shown on the map and the actual distance of two places on the ground is called the scale of the map. For example, if 10 km. actual distance on the ground is shown by 1 cm distance on the map, it means that 1 cm represents 10 km of actual distance on the ground and the scale will be 1 cm = 10 km.The whole earth is a huge structure and so it is very difficult to understand it as a single piece. It is not possible to portray the various geographical features of the whole world or any part of it on a map completely as it is on the ground. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the actual size of the earth first so that it can be accommodated on a map.

The scale is used for their purpose. This mathematical device helps us in showing the earth or any part  in a much reduced size. For example, if we want to show the physical features of a country like India which covers 3.28 million sq. km, then we need to reduce its immense size to a scale, so that the entire country can be reduced to fit on a sheet of paper.If we want to show 250 km actual distance on the ground we need to use a scale to reduce this size to a size that can be shown on a map. If we put the scale 1 cm = 50 km, then 250 km can be shown by a line distance of 5 cm on the map and that will represent 250 km of actual distance.

3. What is Scale in Statement? Discuss with examples?

Ans: Statement scale is the type of map scale expression in which scale is expressed in form of a written statement, for example, one centimetre on the map represents ten kilometres on the ground. This can also be expressed in short as 1cm represent 10km or 1cm to 10km.

4. What do you mean by Representative Fraction? Mention its characteristics?

Ans: Representative fraction (RF) is the ratio of distance on the map to distance on the ground. Representative fractions are expressed in the form of 1 follower (colon) and then a number, where the one is the numerator in the fraction, the colon represents the division operation, and the other number is the denominator.One inch on the map equals 24.000 inches on the ground, and one centimetre on the map equals 24.000 centimetres on the ground, then RF can be expressed as 1: 24,000.

For example: 1 cm represented by 1 kilometre can be represented as R.F. 1: 1,00,000. (1 km = 100000 cm) 

Some of the important characteristics of this method of map making are:

(i) The numerator represents the distance on the map while the denominator represents the actual ground distance.

(ii) Since the numerator is always 1, only the value of denominator determines the scale of a map.

(iii) It remains correct for any unit of distance.

5. Write the characteristics and utilities of a graphical scale?

Ans: When the map distance and the corresponding ground distance are shown with the help of a line, it is called a graphical scale Graphical scale is also known as linear scale.

For example, if the statement scale of a map is 1 cm = 250 km, then a straight line measuring a length of 4 cm on paper will represent a distance of 1,000 km on the ground. Scale 1 cm = 250 cm

The main characteristics and utilities of this method of mapmaking or map reading are:

(i) Graphical scale is always expressed with the help of a horizontal line or a bar.

(ii) The line or bar does not have any specific length. But normally its length is kept between 8 cm and 15 cm.

(iii) With the help of this scale, one can easily find out the actual ground distance between any two places from the map.

6. The scale in Representative Fraction of a map is 1:250,000. Convert this into statement scale? 

Ans: R.F. is 1: 250,000

                   1 cm = 2,50,000 cm

                   1 cm = 2.5 km [1 km = 1,00,000 cm]

Thus, the required statement scale is 1 cm = 2.5 km

7. The scale in  statement of a map is 2 cm =35 cm convert this into R.F.?

Ans: Scale in statement is 2 cm = 35 km

2 cm = 35,00,000 cm [1 km = 1,00,000 cm]

1 cm = 17,50,000 cm

Therefore, the scale in R.F. is  1 : 17,50,000, or 1/17,50,000

8. Construct a graphical scale by using the statement scale of 2 inch = 5 miles so as to measure a distance up to a minimum of 1 mile?

Ans: Given, statement scale is 2 inches = 5 miles

Graphical scale for statement scale 2 inch = 5 miles

9. Construct a graphical scale for R.F. 1:500,000 so as to measure a distance of at least 1 km?

Ans: According to the scale given 1 unit distance on the map = 5,00,000 unit distance on the ground.

 or, 1 cm = 5 km [1km = 100,000 cm]

Graphical Scale for R.F. 1:500,000

10. Write short notes:

(a) Graph

Ans: When geographical information is shown with the help of a graph or diagram the data becomes much clearer. Therefore, various geographical data such as climate, land use, population, production, economic activities, various landforms, etc. are represented with the help of graphs. 

Graphs help in the following ways:

(i) Graphs are highly useful for representing data related to time.

(ii) They help to compare the related data placing the graphic or diagramatic representation next to each other.

(iii) It makes the study of geography interesting and more scientific.

(iv) Graphs help to reduce the actual size on the ground to a size that can be accommodated on a diagram or map. Generally, geographical data are represented with the help of three types of graphs namely, Ibar graph, line graph and pie graph.

(b) Bar Graph

Ans: The simple bar diagram is used to represent only one variable according to time periods, places, items, etc. and consists of a number of rectangles called bars. Multiple bar diagrams are used to represent two or more sets of interrelated data. The bar graph has two axes. The button axis is called the ‘X’ axis which normally represents the time or the basic data while the variable data is represented by ‘Y’ axis.

(c) Line Graph

Ans: The graph in which the trend of a particular data is shown with the help of a line is called line graph. It is one of the most commonly used forms of cartogram. It is particularly used to show the various trends of a particular data such as of population growth, increase or decrease in production, growth pattern in different sectors of economy, rise in per capita income, agricultural and industrial growth, comparison between two elements, etc.

(d) Pie Graph

Ans: It is a pictorial diagram in the form of a circle. The circle is divided into various segments showing the percent values of various elements. In this form of cartogram, the data is calculated in terms of the percent value of the geographical element. One of the merits of this form of graph is that it presents data proportionately and so we can easily understand the value of the each item very clearly in comparison to other items as the value of each item is given in terms of degrees of a full circle. This kind of graph is highly useful when the data is small and has a uniform element. Land use, population composition. occupational status, government expenditure, budget allocation of funds for various purposes, etc. are generally depicted with the help of pie graph. This type of graph is also called a wheel graph.

(e) Graphical Scale

Ans: When the ratio between the map and ground distance is shown with the help of a line, it is called a Linear Scale or Graphical Scale. For example, if the statement scale of a map is 1 cm = 20 km, then a straight line measuring a length of 5cm represents a ground distance of 100 km. With the help of such a graphical scale one can easily find out the actual ground distance between any two places from the map. Another advantage of the maps having graphical scale is that when a map is enlarged or reduced at any ratio using a mechanical device, then the length of the graphical scale also gets enlarged or reduced at the same ratio. It means even after doing enlargement or reduction the scale of a map remains correct. That is why now- a-days the importance and use of such graphical scale have increased.

11. Represent the geographical data given below with the help of appropriate graph?

(a) Number of unemploy. 

Ans: 

(b) Jute Production.

Ans:

(c)  Population at regional level

Ans: Calculation of distribution of Angles of the circle representing population at regional level.

(d) Rural and Urban population.

Ans: Calculation of distribution of the angles of the circle representing rural and urban population:

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