Class 10 Elective Geography Chapter 2 Environmental Geography Question answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters Assam Board HS Class 10 Geography Elective Chapter 2 Environmental Geography and select needs one.
Class 10 Elective Geography Chapter 2 Environmental Geography
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Environmental Geography
Chapter: 2
| TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER |
1. What is meant by environment? Why is environment considered to be a system?
Ans: All the natural surroundings like land, water and air together with all the living organisms including man, make the environment.
Ecosystem. It is a field of interaction between the biotic and the abiotic components of the environment.
(i) Lithosphere.
(ii) Hydrosphere.
(iii) Biosphere. and
(iv) Atmosphere.
(i) Lithosphere: The surface of the earth consists of different rocks and minerals. Sand particles and soils are the fragmented parts of rocks. The thin layer formed of the rocks, minerals, sands and soils has been known as the crust or the Lithosphere. All the continents of the earth are situated on the lithosphere. It covers about 29% of the earth’s surface and all the mountains, hills, plains, plateaus etc are situated on this lithosphere.
(ii) Hydrosphere: Hydrosphere consists of all the water bodies over the earth’s surface. It includes the large oceans, comparatively small seas, the rivers and lakes. It covers about 71% of the earth’s surface Shift 12 Modern Geography.
(iii) Biosphere: The layer of the earth that bears life w known as the Biosphere. Plants, animals and all other living being live in the biosphere. Different organisms live in different heights and depths from the earth’s surface. Human beings live on the earth’s surface itself while the birds live in the air slightly above the surface. Although most of the plants live on the earth’s surface, there are certain plants that thrive under the sea water. The aquatic animal like the whales lives under deep ocean waters. Therefore, the limit of the biosphere ranges from the abyssal plain of the ocean to that part of the atmospheric height up to which organisms live. This extensive biosphere contains some millions species of organisms of which only about 1.75 million species have so far been identified. The humankind, known as the Homo sapiens, is one such species of living organisms.
(iv) Atmosphere: The thick gaseous layer that surrounds the earth is known as the atmosphere. It consists of different gases like Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon-di-oxide, Hydrogen etc. The atmosphere is extended up to a height of about 480 km. from the earth’s surface. In addition, the atmosphere also contains water particles and dust particles.
2. State with examples the relationship amongst lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere?
Ans: (i) Lithosphere: The surface of the earth consists of different rocks and minerals. Sand particles and soils are the fragmented parts of rocks. The thin layer formed of the rocks, minerals, sands and soils has been known as the crust or the Lithosphere. All the continents of the earth are situated on the lithosphere. It covers about 29% of the earth’s surface and all the mountains, hills, plains, plateaus etc are situated on this lithosphere.
(ii) Hydrosphere: Hydrosphere consists of all the water bodies over the earth’s surface. It includes the large oceans, comparatively small seas, the rivers and lakes. It covers about 71% of the earth’s surface.
(iii) Biosphere: The layer of the earth that bears life is known as the Biosphere. Plants, animals and all other living beings live in the biosphere. Different organisms live in different heights and depths from the earth’s surface. Human beings live on the earth’s surface itself while the birds live in the air slightly above the surface. Although most of the plants live on the earth’s surface, there are certain plants that thrive under the sea water. The aquatic animal like the whales lives under deep ocean waters. Therefore, the limit of the biosphere ranges from the abyssal plain of the ocean to that part of the atmospheric height up to which organisms live. This extensive biosphere contains some millions species of organisms of which only about 1.75 million species have so far been identified. The human kind, known as the Homo sapiens, is one such species of living organisms.
(iv) Atmosphere: The thick gaseous layer that surrounds the earth is known as the atmosphere. It consists of different gases like Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon-di-oxide, Hydrogen etc. The atmosphere is extended up to a height of about 480 km. from the earth’s surface. In addition, the atmosphere also contains water particles and dust particles.
3. Write in brief as to why the environments of all the regions of the world are not same?
Ans: One of the unique features of environment is that almost all the regions of the world have different environments. For example, the environmental conditions of the equatorial region are quite different from those of the polar regions. The environment of the equatorial region is characterised by high temperature and high rainfall throughout the year while polar regions are marked by low temperature and lack of rain. The difference in environment is the result of certain factors such as location, topography, distance from the water bodies, altitude, climate, nature of the flora and fauna, etc.
4. Define Environmental Geography?
Ans: Environmental Geography has been instituted within the study of geography. So, the Environmental Geography studies the nature of global environment, its spatio-temporal changes and tries to find out the probable solutions of the environmental problems.
Environmental Geography studies the nature of environment and areal differentiation of the changes of environmental conditions on the basis of man and his works. Deforestation, flood, erosion, landslide, pollution and their probable causes are some of the important aspects incorporated under the study of Environmental Geography. It also studies new environment friendly use of mineral resources and the top ke sustainable development.
5. Discuss the importance of Environmental Geography as a branch of Geography?
Ans: The important of environmental geography as a branch of geography are giving below:
Geography is divided in to branches
(i) human geography. and
(ii) physical geography.
(a) Human geography: Humans geography study the effect of climate change human movements, quality of life and economy welfare. The study of the interrelation between people, place, and environment. human geography is it’s ability to study of the earth in way that allow us to better understand how human can create a more sustainable plant save biodiversity and so forth.
(b) Physical geography: Physical geography is a major branch of the deals with study of the nature. physical geography are the structure of the world around us both natural and man made as well as the formation processes of these. physical geography looks at the nature process of the earth surch as climate and plate wind movements ect.
6. Give an account on the objective an scope of Environmental Geography?
Ans: The objective of environmental geography are given below:
(a) Awareness: To help people acquire an awareness of and a sensitivity to the total environment and its allied problems.
(b) Knowledge: To help people acquire basic understanding of the total environment and associated problems.
(c) Attitude: To help people acquire social values, strong feelings of concern for the environment and the motivation to act in protecting and improving.
(d) Skills: To help people acquire the skills for.
(e) Evaluation Ability: Identifying and solving environmental problems Evaluate environmental measures and education programs.
(f) Participation: Active involvement at all levels in working towards resolving environmental problems.
The scope of environmental geography are:
(a) Studies cause: Effect, severity, management and mitigation of various environment issues like Climate change, global warming, ozone depletion, habitat loss, bio-diversity loss, pollution etc.
(b) Includes the notion of sustainable development, environment education, planning, conservation and management.
(c) It’s concerned with the spatial attributes of all the phenomena related to the environment.
(d) Studies the various biomes and human influences.
(e) Deals with the pattern of biodiversity at the global, national and local level.
(f) Studies the spatial pattern of physical and anthropogenic degradation of the environment.
7. What do you mean by elements of environment? Write down the meanings of biotic and abiotic elements.
Ans: The elements of environment are given below
(a) Lithosphere different rocks and minerals, Sand particles and soils are the different parts of rocks The thin layer formed of the rocks, funerals, sands and souls has been known as the crust or the Lithosphere. All the continents of the earth the status or on the lithosphere. It covers about 29% of the earth’s stunted and all the mountains, hills, plains, plateaus etc are situated on this lithosphere.
(b) Hydrosphere: Hydrosphere consists of all the water bodies over the earth’s surface. It includes the large oceans, comparatively small seas, the rivers and lakes.
(c) Biosphere: The layer of the earth that bears life is known as the Biosphere. Plants, animals and all other living beings live in the biosphere. Different organisms live in different heights and depths from the earth’s surface. Human beings live on the earth’s surface itself while the birds live in the air slightly above the surface. Although most of the plants live on the earth’s surface, there are certain plants that thrive under the sea water. The aquatic animal like the whales lives under deep ocean waters. Therefore, the limit of the biosphere ranges from the abyssal plain of the ocean to that part of the atmospheric height up to which organisms live. This extensive biosphere contains some millions species of organisms of which only about 1.75 million species have so far been identified. Humankind, known as the Homo sapiens, is one such species of living organisms.
(d) ) Atmosphere: The thick gaseous layer that surrounds the earth is known as the atmosphere. It consists of different gases like Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon-di-oxide, Hydrogen etc. The atmosphere is extended up to a height of about 480 km from the earth’s surface. In addition, the atmosphere also contains water particles and dust particles.
The meaning of biotic and abiotic elements:
(a) Biotic: The Biotic elements are within the Biosphere. It covers from the tiny microbes to the vast animals and all the plants.
(b) Abiotic: On the other hand, all the non living elements of Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere can be grouped under Abiotic elements.
8. Complete the given list by making a division of biotic and abiotic from the following elements: sand, mineral, bacteria, phytoplankton, grass, rainfall, humidity, soil, water, forest, insects, virus, coal, mineral oil, mangrove solar energy.
Ans:
| Biotic elements | Abiotic elements |
| bacteria, phytoplankton, grass,forest, insects, virus mangrove. | soil, water rainfall coal, mineral oil,humidity solar energy. |
9. What is meant by environmental problems ?
Ans: environment issue are distribution in the usual function of ecosystems.
(a) Environmental Problems: The way of life of the people depends on the environmental conditions that surround them. In other words, it can be said that environment has the sole control over man’s life. This is also known as the environmental determinism.At present, the entire global environment has been facing certain problems, so also its inhabitants. Now, it has gone to such an extent that almost all the living organisms are facing some threat to life. It is seen not only in the urban areas but in the rural areas too. It has really been a difficult task to find out a rational solution to such problems. Now, for all of us the need of the hour is to understand the environment properly, to become more eco- friendly and to safeguard the environment with better justice.
(b) Water Pollution: We know that 71% of the earth’s surface has been covered by large and small waterbodies. It is the hydrosphere. We just cannot imagine a natural world without thinking of the rivers, lakes, marshes, swamps, seas and oceans over the earth’s surface. Also, there seems to be an isostatic balance between the landmass and the waterbodies. But it is unfortunate that like air pollution water is also being polluted. When the fresh water becomes unfit for consumption due to admixture of some foreign ingredients, the phenomenon may be termed as the water pollution. Presently, it has been observed that the waters of rivers, lakes and even the saline water of seas and oceans are being polluted.
(c) Air Pollution: The atmosphere of the earth has got certain properties and characteristics of its own. It is composed of different gases. In addition to these gases it has some liquid and solid matters also in different forms. The principal gases that constitute the earth’s atmosphere are Nitrogen (78.08%), Oxygen (20.94%), Argon (0.93%) and Carbon-di-Oxide (0.035%). These gases are proportionately so balanced that it creates a congenial condition for survival of the living beings on earth. Any disturbance in this balance would lead to chaotic conditions not favourable for living and in fact, this becomes the pertinent problem of the day for all terrestrial organismsWhen pure air is mixed with some foreign matters, it loses some of its own properties and behaves differently. This phenomenon may be termed as the Air Pollution.
10. Mention the causes which are responsible for the growing environmental problems in the world.
Ans: The causes responsible for the growing environment problems in the world are given below:
(a) Population explosion and industrial revolution have increased the demand for environmental resources.
(b) The intensive and extensive extraction of both renewable and non- renewable resources has exhausted some of the vital resources.
(c) Extinction of many resources and the continuously rising population has also resulted in an environmental crisis.
(d) Due to the affluent consumption and production standard of the developed world, the waste generated is beyond the absorptive capacity of the environment.
(e) The development process has polluted the environment, water, and atmosphere and there is a decline in air and water quality it has resulted in an increased incidence of respiratory and water-borne diseases.
11. What do you mean by the balance state of the environment?
Ans: The environmental continuous operation of various natural cycles such as the water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle and nitrogen cycle .It is also maintained due to the existence of various food chains in the ecosystem. For example, if the population of pests such as grasshoppers isn’t controlled by frogs or lizards that prey on them, pests start to manifest rapidly and destroy all crops, breaking the balance of the environment.
Ecological balance is a term describing how ecosystems are organized in a state of stability where species coexist with other species and with their environment. Ecosystems are not without change, however. Disturbances can occur, although an ecosystem typically recovers back to a state of ecological balance.
12. Deforestation is the cause of many problems and the results are of many developmental processes” – analyse the ge statement with arguments?
Ans: Deforestation is one of the major environmental problems the world is facing today. The green cover over the earth has been dwindling at an alarming rate. The minimum required percentage of green cover for any country is 33%. But, unfortunately many industrially advanced countries and developing countries lack the required extent of forest cover. It leads to several problems which affect our very existence on earth.
At the same time, forest areas have to be cleared for the starting of certain developmental work associated with industries, human settlement, power production, etc. It is in this context, that we say, Deforestation is the cause of many problems and the result of many developmental processes “A study of deforestation reveals that it brings about the following problems in the world.
13. What is the global warming ? Discuss main cause?
Ans: Global warming refers to the increase in global temperature brought about by the increased emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, water vapour, etc. into the atmosphere. Today, it has become one of the major environmental problems faced by us.
The main causes of global warming are:
(a) Deforestation: Rampant deforestation increases presence of greenhouse gases particularly carbon dioxide. Trees normally Write briefly about the duties of the general people controlling increased global warming. be absorb the carbon dioxide given out by human beings and convert it into oxygen. But, today the green cover is shrinking at an alarming rate and the population is increasing rapidly leading to great increase in the presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which in turn causes an increase in the temperature of the atmosphere.
(b) Increased presence of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
As a result of the use of air conditioners, refrigerators. evaporation of industrial solvents, production of plastic foams, aerosols, propellants, etc. the presence of chlorofluorocarbons has increased in the atmosphere. These gases keep the earth warmer and reduce the extent of the ozone layer.
(c) Nitrogen gases: The increased presence of nitrogen dioxide and nitrous oxide has also been responsible for increased global warming. These type of gases are released by aircraft, from burning of biomass and nitrogen rich fuels, from nitrogen fertilisers, etc.
14. Write briefly about the duties of the general people controlling increased global warming?
Ans: Part 1: Global warming: Global warming is the increase in the overall temperature of the earth due to increase in greenhouse gases, Global warming is on the rise mainly due to anthropogenic actions. Melting of polar caps is one of the prominent effects of global warming.
Some measures to control global warming are as follows:
Controlling the rate of deforestation
(a) Use of clean and efficient fuels.
(b) Use of renewable sources of energy wisely.
(c) Environmental awareness so that the use of fossil fuels can be reduced.
(d) Practicing afforestation and reforestation.
(e) Reducing our carbon footprints.
15. Give an account of the problems that may occur as a result of global warming.
Ans: Global warming exacerbates water shortages in already water stressed regions and is leading to an increased risk of agricultural droughts affecting crops, and ecological droughts increasing the vulnerability of ecosystems.
16. What do you mean by air pollution? What are the cause of air-pollution?
Ans: Air Pollution: The atmosphere of the earth has got card of properties and characteristics of its own. It is composed of different gases. In addition to these gases it has some liquid and solid matters also in different forms. The principal gases that constitute the earth’s atmosphere are Nitrogen (78.08%), Oxygen (20.94%), Argon (0.93%) and Carbon-di-Oxide (0.035%). These gases are proportionately so balanced that it creates a congenial condition for survival of the living beings on earth. Any disturbance in this balance would lead to chaotic conditions not favourable for living and in fact, this becomes the pertinent problem of the day for all terrestrial organisms.
17. Write the names of some Green House gases?
Ans: Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and various synthetic chemical.
18. What kinds of problems may be created by air-pollution?
Ans: (a) strokes.
(b) Heart diseases.
(c) lung cancer.
(d) chronic respiratory diseases.
19. How is water polluted? How can it harm?
Ans: Water Pollution: We know that 71% of the earth’s surface has been covered by large and small waterbodies. It is the hydrosphere. We just cannot imagine a natural world without thinking of the rivers, lakes, marshes, swamps, seas and oceans over the earth’s surface. Also, there seems to be an isostatic balance between the landmass and the water bodies. But it is unfortunate that like air pollution water is also being polluted. When the fresh water becomes unfit for consumption due to admixture of some foreign ingredients, the phenomenon may be termed as water pollution. Presently, it has been observed that the waters of rivers, lakes and even the saline water of seas and oceans are being polluted.
20. What kinds of steps may be taken by the people for the solution of environmental problems?
Ans: Are some of the most common solutions to the environment.
(a) Replace disposal items with reusable items.
(b) The use of paper should be avoided.
(c) Conserve water and electricity.
(d) Support environmental friendly practices.
(e) Recycle waste to conserve natural resources.
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