NIOS Class 12 Home Science Chapter 16 Household Equipment

NIOS Class 12 Home Science Chapter 16 Household Equipment Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters NIOS Class 12 Home Science Chapter 6 1Household Equipment and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Home Science Chapter 6 1Household Equipment Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Home Science Notes Paper 321.

NIOS Class 12 Home Science Chapter 16 Household Equipment

Join Telegram channel

Follow us:

Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Home Science Chapter 16 Household Equipment, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Home Science Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Household Equipment

Chapter: 16

MODULE – III: RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

INTEXT QUESTIONS 16.1 

Q. 1. Fill in the blanks:

(a) Equipments are classified as ___________ and ___________.

ans: electrical, non-electrical.

(b) Efficient use of equipment includes their correct selection, ___________ and ___________.

Ans: operation, care.

 (c) ___________ is a promise for efficient performance of an equipment.

Ans: guarantee.

(d) The foremost criteria for the selection of an equipment is ___________ based. 

Ans: need.

(e) An equipment that can perform a number of function is generally more ___________.

Ans: expensive.

(f) Good after-sales service ensures easy ___________ and ___________.

Ans: repair, replacements.

Q. 2. State which of the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Justify your answer.

(a) Only electrical equipments are labour saving.

Ans: F.

(b) Non-electrical equipments are manually operated.

Ans: T.

(c) Standardised products ensure safety and durability.

Ans: T.

(d) An ISI mark is given to all electrical equipments.

Ans: T.

(e) Expensive equipments fulfil family needs more than inexpensive ones.

Ans: F.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 16.2

Q. 1. Fill in the blanks by using the most suitable words from the list given below: 

wire, microwave oven, synthetic, plug, MCB/ fuse, accidents, vent pipe, warm.

1. Careless use of household equipments can cause serious ___________.

Ans: accidents.

 2. Before cleaning an electrical equipments the ___________ should be removed from the switchboard.

Ans: plug.

3. A ___________ fixed on the electrical main point cuts off the power supply by breaking the circuit.

Ans: MCB/fuse.

4. ___________ clothes should not be worn while working in the kitchen.

Ans: Synthetic.

5. The ___________ of a pressure cooker should be kept unclogged and clean to allow steam to pass freely.

Ans: vent pipe.

6. Metal containers should not be used while cooking in a ___________.

Ans: microwave oven.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 16.3

Q. 1. What do you understand by conservation of electricity at home? Explain with examples.

Ans: It’s hard to imagine life without electricity. In our homes, we rely on it to power our lights, appliances, and electronics. Many of us also use electricity to provide our homes with hot water, heat, and air conditioning. There are many ways you can use less electricity.

• Set your home’s thermostat a few degrees lower. For each one-degree change, your family can save up to 5 percent on your home’s heating and cooling costs.

• Turn off lights and all electronics (like computers, televisions, stereos, and videogames) when you leave a room.

• Use the microwave instead of the oven for cooking your meals.

• Open your blinds or curtains on sunny winter days to let the sun shine into your home.

• Save hot water by taking short showers instead of baths.

Q. 2. State four points you would keep in mind for conserving fuel at home.

Ans: 1. Electricity consumed for lighting. typically constitutes just fewer than 10 percent of the household energy budget. One way to reduce that number is to replace frequently used incandescent lights with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. These long-lasting bulbs use about one third of the power required to produce the same amount of light that is produced by a standard incandescent bulb.

2. Another way to cut down on the amount of energy consumed for lighting tasks is to increase the use of daylight for illumination.

3. If you’d like your outdoor landscape to be illuminated at night for safety or for aesthetic reasons, there are ways to do it that don’t require much electrical power. One product that is popular for such applications is low-voltage lighting.

4. The room is properly sealed, i.e. doors and windows fit properly and wherever there is glass it is shaded or draped. Drapes, shades and awnings shield windows from the hot sun, keeping your home cooler. Certain reflective films can be used on windows to screen out the hot rays of the sun without reducing the amount of light you receive. And, when doors and windows are shut, your air conditioner will operate more efficiently.

Q. 3. Write “True’ or ‘False’ for the statements given below. Give reasons for your answer.

(a) A stove burner does not require regular cleaning.

Ans: F.

(b) Repeated whistles of pressure cooker kept on high flame indicates fast cooking.

Ans: F.

(c) Tube lights and CFLs consume less electricity.

Ans: T.

(d) Keep the tap running while brushing.

Ans: F.

(e) While cooking food in a do not put the lid on the vessel.

Ans: F.

(f) Washing a car with water collected in a bucket saves water.

Ans: F.

TERMINAL QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Define the term “labour-saving device”.

Ans: Labour saving devices are things that reduce the amount of effort required by people to accomplish a task.

Q. 2. State the points you will keep in mind while using electrical equipments at home.

Ans: Uses of electricity how to conserve electricity

1. Air-conditioners: Check and clean the air conditioner’s filter once a month; make sure the air conditioning unit is the proper size for the room it is cooling; locate the air conditioner in a shady area of the house; ventilate the house’s top floors to reduce heat buildup; install ceiling fans to improve air circulation.

2. Dishwashers: Wash only a full load; turn off drying cycle, open door to air dry dishes.

3. Clothes washers and dryers: Use only with a full load; use warm or cold water, reserving hot water use only for heavily soiled clothes; use only full loads for the dryer and if a second load is necessary, dry that load immediately after the first to retain as much heat as possible; clean lint filter before each load.

4. Computers: Turn off computers when not in use or set the computer to energy-saving mode.

5. Lights: Replace incandescent bulbs with fluorescent bulbs, which use 75 percent less electricity and last longer; turn lights off when not needed; install light dimmers or photoelectric switches that automatically turn off lights during daylight or install timers to control use of lights; for lights used for home security, install motion detectors so lights come on only when motion is detected.

6. New appliances: Replace aging appliances with new, more energy-efficient models when possible; look for energy star label.

7. Ovens and stove tops: Use microwave instead of oven where possible; food in glass dishes can be cooked at lower temperature; preheating oven is usually unnecessary; on the stove top cook with covered pans and match pan size to the size of the burner. 

8. Refrigerators: Check door seals to make sure there are no air leaks; clean condenser coils on the back of the refrigerator; keep refrigerator away from oven or dishwasher and give the unit breathing space by keeping it away from wall.

9. Water heaters: Lower the heater setting to 120 to 130 degrees fahrenheit; insulate the water heater and any exposed hot water pipes; use low-flow shower heads.

Q. 3. What is “grameen sheetal”? Discuss its utility.

Ans: A “grameen sheetal” will not be able to do what a refrigerator can. A refrigerator is very costly whereas a “grameen sheetal” is much cheaper. You can get ice, keep food and water cool, make ice-creams, etc., in a refrigerator but not in a grameen sheetal. A grameen sheetal will last for a few years only whereas the refrigerator will last for many years.

Q. 4. List five factors to be kept in mind while selecting household equipments.

Ans: Selection of equipment: When you go to the market to buy any item or equipment, you must be aware of what points to consider while making your selection. The criterion for selection of equipment varies from another.

1. The equipment must save your time, money and energy: When you are buying an item, see that it is useful to you in terms of saving your time and energy as well as your money. For example, a pressure cooker cooks food faster; hence you save time and money too, because less fuel is consumed. A sharp knife cuts fruits and vegetables easily; hence you save your energy. Fruits and vegetables can be cut with a blunt knife also but it will need greater energy.

2. The equipment material should be easy to clean: The equipment bought should be made of good material which is easy to wash, clean and maintain. For example, iron pots are difficult to clean whereas stainless steel utensils are cleaned very easily.

3. The equipment must be safe: Whatever you buy must be absolutely safe to use at home. ISI marked equipment is safe to use because it is properly checked and is of good quality. You must ensure that all electrical equipments that you buy carries this mark. Equipment without this certification may be cheaper but is not safe to use.

4. The equipment must carry a guarantee of service: Guarantee of service means that the manufacturer takes responsibility for a certain number of years for the working of that equipment. If any defect occurs during that period, the manufacturer will repair or replace the equipment free of cost. For example, manufacturers of refrigerators give a guarantee of 5 years, and manufacturers of ceiling fans give a guarantee of 7 years. This means that for 5/7 years your refrigerator/ fan should give you trouble-free service. It is very important for you to ensure that all equipment you buy, specially the costly equipment, should carry a guarantee of service. Ask the shopkeepers about those parts of the equipment which carry guarantee so that you are not cheated later. At the time of buying, see that the guarantee card is duly filled in and signed and stamped with the seal of the retailer/ shopkeeper from whom you are buying the equipment.

5. Cost of the equipment: Whenever you go to the market, what is the first thing that you want to know? Yes, it is the cost of the item. While some equipments which are simple do not cost too much, but there are some which have more complicated parts or attachments and are quite costly. When you are buying such equipments you must stop and think.

Q. 5. State four guidelines for proper and maintenance of household equipments.

Ans: Points to keep in mind while using any equipment:

1. Read the instructions given with the equipment and follow them. 

2. See that the wire and plug of all electrical equipments are in proper order and there is no leakage of electricity.

3. Keep all electrical equipments away from water taps. Never wash these equipments with water unless the instructions say so.

4. Do not touch any electrical equipment with wet hands or feet. 

Q. 6. Which of the following actions are unsafe and why?

(a) Wearing nylon clothes while working in the kitchen.

Ans: Nylon catches fire easily and melts and sticks to the skin which causes very deep burns.

(b) Refilling oil in the stove or generator while it is still on.

Ans: If a burning stove or generator is refilled when still burning it can catch fire or even explode.

(c) Using a cracked tube to connect the gas cylinder to the gas stove.

Ans: The gas will leak out from the crack and the room can be on fire. 

(d) Using nylon scrubbers to clean non- stick pans.

Ans: Nylon scrubbers can scratch the teflon coating and spoil the pan. 

(e) Forcing the steam out of a pressure cooker by lifting its weight.

Ans: The liquid inside will spill out with a force scalding the person.

(f) Removing the plug before touching the electrical equipments.

Ans: One can get electric shock in doing so. 

(g) Operating electrical equipments with wet hands.

Ans: The current will pass from wet hands to the person giving electric shock.