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NCERT Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 Globalisation
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Globalisation
Chapter: 8
POLITICAL SCIENCE
PART – I: CONTEMPORARY WORLD POLITICS
TEXTBOOK QUESTION ANSWER
Q. 1. Which of the statements are true about globalisation?
(a) Globalisation is purely an economic phenomenon.
(6) Globalisation began in 1991.
(c) Globalisation is the same thing as westernisation.
(d) Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.
Ans. (d) Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.
Q. 2. Which of the statements are true about the impact of globalisation?
(a) Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies.
(b) Globalisation has had a uniform impact on all states and societies.
(c) The impact of globalisation has been confined to the political sphere.
(d) Globalisation inevitably results in cultural homogeneity.
Ans. (a) Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies.
Q. 3. Which of the statements are true about the causes of globalisation?
(a) Technology is an important cause of globalisation.
(b) Globalisation is caused by a particular community of people.
(c) Globalisation originated in the US.
(d) Economic interdependence alone causes globalisation.
Ans. (c) Globalisation originated in the US.
Q. 4. Which of the statements are true about globalisation?
(a) Globalisation is only about movement of commodities.
(b) Globalisation does not involve a conflict of values.
(c) Services are an insignificant part of globalisation.
(d) Globalisation is about worldwide inter- connectedness.
Ans. (d) Globalisation is about worldwide inter- connectedness.
Q. 5. Which of the statements are false about globalisation?
(a) Advocates of globalisation argue that it will result in greater economic growth.
(b) Critics of globalisation argue that it will result in greater economic disparity.
(c) Advocates of globalisation argue that it will result in cultural homogenisation.
(d) Critics of globalisation argue that it will result in cultural homogenisation.
Ans. (d) Critics of globalisation argue that it will result in cultural homogenisation.
Q. 6. What is worldwide interconnectedness? What are its components?
Ans. It’s a mess-up of not only money but culture, faiths, beliefs, mores, conventions and life-styles with removal of trade barriers. Imperialism in disguise of globalisation calls for Think-Tanks wholesome and holistic in themselves.
Q. 7. How has technology contributed to globalisation?
Ans. Technology is meant by scientific knowledge used in practical ways in industry while industry is meant by the production of goods from raw materials. It purports therefore, application of scientific knowledge on raw material that depends on curiosity at individual level and research and development at state level. As technology lying with Ist world countries has produced numerous goods at large scale, their search for markets has therefore, contributed to globalisation.
Q. 8. Critically evaluate the impact of the changing role of the state in the developing countries in the light of globalisation.
Ans. (i) Sovereignty of developing countries is at the verger of extinction because business rules and regulations are made by World Trade Organisation (WTO).
(ii) LDCs are compelled to introduce change in their legislation and constitution to facilitate entry of MNCs in the name of privatisation (e.g. Formation of SEZs).
(iii) LDCs power to determine social and economic interests of indigenous in priority is receding with a faster pace.
Q. 9. What are the economic implications of globalisation? How has globalisation impacted on India with regard to this particular dimension?
Ans. The economic implications of globalisation:
(a) Economic globalisation is the sole creation of international institutions like the IMF and the WTO supported by NATO, EU and USA in particular.
(b) Economic globalisation may cause recolonisation, as its effects so far have been viewed pari-passu to that of East India Company.
(c) People with their enterprises (e.g. MNCs) from the countries who have planned in priority, the globalisation will no doubt exert their control over the flow of people, capital, commodities and ideas. They are the only winner.
(d) Cross border crimes like women trafficking, sale of human organs and child labour are always in rise since 1990s onwards in LDCs. Passionate peoples in these countries are involved in misappropriation of public fund and getting the black money deposited through hawl transactions in countries other than their own e.g. Madhu Koda, the Ex Chief Minister of Jharkhand. This, they are doing by misuse of information technology.
(e) Developed countries are still practising certain restrictions on movement of people from LDCs e.g. their rigid visa policies while these have pumped shrewd businessmen and their corporate houses into the lands of LDCs in the name of liberalisation.
(f) Economic globalisation has created an intense division of opinion all over the world e.g. EU’s declaration of 10 billion dollars to LDCs as compensation against their suffering from climate change has resulted in failure of the Copenhagen Summit of 2009.
(g) Economic globalisation would lead to severe breakdown in LDCs’ economy.
(h) Privatisation spree in LDCs favours only a few elite tycoons to exert control over- economy while small entrepreneurs, artisans, manufacturers, farmers and the labourers are the worst beaten.
Globalisation impact over India: The above said implications from (a) to (h) are applied in case of India with an untampered force. This is because India also is in LDC as per schedule made by the World Bank.
Q. 10. Do you agree with the arguments that globalisation leads to cultural heterogeneity?
Ans. Yes, but it is understood only by a few clairvoyants and altruistic individuals. There minds are not dodged by mere perception or mirage but resort to dissection, experiments, over view, reviews and find blind copy to alien culture is a sucidal attempt. Cultures of such argumentative, patient considerate people start analysis and thus, instead of surrender they update su-motoh their culture. Generally, it affects us in our home, in our family, in what we eat, drink, wear and think. It shapes what we think our preferences. Heterogeneity is accepted by passionate people in LDCs only when theirin considerate homogenisation (e.g. Junk food, Blue Jean) leads them to cul-de-sac and they would see the poison filled in a golden pitcher. Countries like India are in a booby trap of globalisation.
Q. 11. How has globalisation impact on India and how is India in turn impacting on globalisation?
Ans. (i) Impact of globalisation: After globalisation the government has removed restriction on import of goods. It has reduced the taxes on goods and encouraged the investors to invest in India. As a result of globalisation and government’s policy, there are better services in the communications sector. Many food processing companies have entered the Indian market, FDI i.e., Foreign Direct Investment to produce goods and services in India has increased. Foreign exchange reserves have increased.
(ii) India’s impact on globalisation: Globalisation has been criticised all over the globe for one reason or the other. It is argued that globalisation represents a particular phase of global capitalism that makes the rich richer and the poor poorer. So, India is making efforts to make globalisation more fair that is way it may create opportunities for all, and also ensure that the benefits of globalisation are shared better. In 1999, at the World Trade Organisation Ministerial Meeting at Scattle, India and other countries protested against unfair trading practices by the economically powerful states.
