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NCERT Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Challenges of Nation Building
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Challenges of Nation Building
Chapter: 9
POLITICAL SCIENCE
PART – II: CHALLENGES OF NATION BUILDING
TEXTBOOK QUESTION ANSWER
Q. 1. Which among the following statements about the partition is incorrect?
(a) Partition of India was the outcome of the “two-nation theory”.
(b) Punjab and Bengal were the two provinces divided on the basis of religion.
(c) East Pakistan and West Pakistan were not contiguous.
(d) The scheme of partition included a plan for transfer of population across the border.
Ans. (d) The scheme of partition included a plan for transfer of population across the border.
Q. 2. Match the principles with the instances:
| (a) Mapping of boundaries on religious grounds. | (i) Pakistan and Bangladesh |
| (b) Mapping of boundaries on grounds of different languages | (ii) India and Pakistan |
| (c) Demarcating boundaries within a country by geographical zones | (iii) Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh |
| (d) Demarcating boundaries within a country on the administrative and political grounds. | (iv) Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand |
Ans:
| (a) Mapping of boundaries on religious grounds. | (ii) India and Pakistan |
| (b) Mapping of boundaries on grounds of different languages | (i) Pakistan and Bangladesh |
| (c) Demarcating boundaries within a country by geographical zones | (iv) Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand |
| (d) Demarcating boundaries within a country on the administrative and political grounds. | (iii) Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh |
Q. 3. Takea current political map of India (showing outlines of states) and mark the location of the following Princely States:
(a) Junagarh.
(b) Manipur.
(c) Mysore.
(d) Gwalior.
Ans:
Q. 4. Here are two opinions:
Bismay: “The merger with the Indian State was an extension of democracy to the people of the Princely States.”
Inderpreet: “I am not so sure, there was force being used. Democracy comes by creating consensus.”
What is your own opinion in the light of accession of Princely States and the responses of the people in these parts?
Ans. I am agree with the statement of Bismay. But in the statement of Inderpreet which task said in context of democracy, is right task. But in India there was no democracy before the integration of the princely states.
Q. 5. Read the following very different statements made in August 1947:
“Today you have worn on your heads a crown of thorns. The seat of power is a nasty thing. You have to remain ever wakeful on that seat …… You have to be more humble and forbearing ……. now there will be no end to your being tested.”
M.K. Gandhi
“….. India will awake to a life of freedom …. we step out from the old to the new….we end today a period of ill fortune and India discovers herself again. The achievement we celebrate today is but a step, an opening of opportunity …”
Jawaharlal Nehru.
Spell out the agenda of nation building that flows from these two statements. Which one appeals more to you and why?
Ans. Both statements are correct. First statement indicates the soundness of democracy and second statement of Nehru indicates that India was independent and progressive nation.
Agenda of nation building spells that nation building is a task of cheerful, since every citizen had get the independence he have a right to do all under Constitution. The independence is nominated as a crown of thorns because the seat of power is a nasty thing and India has a lot of problems, it is very necessary to solved out these problems. We are celebrating freedom because Nehru is responsible for the noble act.
Q. 6. What are the reasons being used by Nehru for keeping India secular? Do you think these reasons were only ethical and sentimental? Or were there some prudential reasons as well?
Ans. The reasons being used by Nehru for keeping India secular are following:
(i) Shape of the United Nations.
(ii) Establishment of democracy. and
(iii) Assurance of the development.
These issues are obvious from the letter by Nehru to Chief Ministers on 15th August 1947.
1. Nehru’s value and institutional arrange-ments for the management of national affairs evoked different segments of the Indian elite.
2. He imposed western ideas and institutions on society whose soil is quite unsuitable for the functioning of such institutions.
3. Nehru was clear in his mind that only industrialization would liberate the Indian masses from the shackless of medievalism and poverty born out of colonial domination.
The above said reasons are ethical and sentimental. There is no any prudential reason.
Q. 7. Bring out two major differences between the challenges of nation building for eastern and western regions of the country at the time of independence.
Ans. Two major differences between the challenges of nation building for eastern and western regions of the country at the time of independence are as follow:
(i) Colonial system of provincial administration.
(ii) Cultural development of diverse communities of India.
Q. 8. What was the task of the states Reorganisation Commission? What was its most salient recommendation?
Ans. (i) The task of the States Reorganisation was to look into the question of redrawing of the boundaries of states.
(ii) Its most salient recommendation was that the boundaries of the state should reflect the boundaries of different languages.
Q. 9. It is said that the nation is to a large extent “an imagined community” held together by common beliefs, history, political aspirations and imaginations. Identify the features that make India a nation.
Ans. The features making India a nation are following:
1. Changes in the administrative objectives: In the chapter of Preamble of Constitution, Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles, the objectives of the Constitution are clearly observed. Now our country has become a welfare state.
2. Socialist and Secular State: In the 42nd amendment of the Constitution the state has been declared as “Socialist and Secular State”.
3. Participation of public representatives in the administration: There is much increase in the participation as compared to earlier times.
4. Parliamentary Government System: The executive is made responsible towards the parliament under the parliamentary government system.
5. Federal State: Federal Government or system has been established in place of unitary government after the independence.
6. Planning: Planning has become an integral part of our political and economic system after independence.
Q. 10. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
“In the history of nation-building only the Soviet experiment bears comparison with the Indian. There too, a sense of unity had to be forged between many diverse ethnic groups, religious, linguistic communities and social classes. The scale-geographic as well as demographic-was comparably massive. The raw material the state had to work with was equally unpropitious; a people divided by faith and driven by debt and disease.”
-Ramchandra Guha
(a) List the commonalities that the author mentions between India and Soviet Union and give one example for each of these from India.
Ans. (i) Unity between many ethnic groups.
(ii) Unity between religions.
(iii) Unity between linguístic communities.
(iv) Unity between social classes.
We can say that linguistic states and the movements for the formation of these states changed the nature of democratic politics and leadership in some basic ways.
(b) The author does not talk about dissimilarities between the two experiments. Can you mention two dissimilarities?
Ans. Dissimilarities between the two experiments are as follow:
(i) Establishment of federal system.
(ii) Planning of political and economic system.
(c) In retrospect which of these two experiment worked better and why?
Ans. Soviet Union had done better. There too, a sense of unity had to be forged between many diverse ethnic groups, religious, linguistic communities and social classes.
