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NCERT Class 12 Political Science Chapter 5 United Nations And It’s Organizations
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United Nations And It’s Organizations
Chapter: 5
POLITICAL SCIENCE
PART – I: CONTEMPORARY WORLD POLITICS
TEXTBOOK QUESTION ANSWER
Q. 1. Mark correct or wrong against each of the following statements below about the veto power:
(a) Only the permanent members of the Security Council possess the veto power.
Ans. Correct.
(b) It’s a kind of negative power.
Ans. Correct.
(c) The Secretary-General uses this power when not satisfied with any decision.
Ans. Wrong.
(d) One veto can stall a Security Council resolution.
Ans. Correct.
Q. 2. Mark correct or wrong against each of the following statements below about the way the UN functions.
(a) All security and peace related issues are dealt within the Security Council.
Ans. Correct.
(b) Humanitarian policies are implemented by the main organs and specialised agencies spread across the globe.
Ans. Correct.
(c) Having consensus among the five permanent members on security issue is vital for its implementation.
Ans. Correct.
(d) The members of the General Assembly automatically become the members of all other principal organs and specialised agencies of the UN.
Ans. Wrong.
Q. 3. Which among the following would given more weightage to India’s proposal for permanent membership in the Security Council?
(a) Nuclear capability.
(b) It has been a member of the UN since its inception.
(c) It is located in Asia.
(d) India’s growing economic power and stable political system.
Ans. (d) India’s growing economic power and stable political system.
Q. 4. The UN agency concerned with the safety and peaceful use of nuclear technology is:
(a) The UN Committee on Disarmament.
(b) International Atomic Energy Agency.
(c) UN International Safeguard Committee.
(d) None of the above.
Ans. (b) International Atomic Energy Agency.
Q. 5. WTO is serving as the successor to which of the following organisations?
(a) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs.
(b) General Arrangement on Trade and Tariffs.
(c) World Health Organisation.
(d) UN Development Programme.
Ans. (a) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs.
Q. 6. Fill in the blanks:
(a) The prime objective of the UN is ___________.
Ans. to prevent international conflict and to facilitate cooperation among states.
(b) The highest functionary of the UN is called __________.
Ans. Secretary General 2080.
(c) The UN Security Council has __________ permanent and __________ non-permanent members.
Ans. five, ten.
(d) _________ is the present UN Secretary-General.
Ans. Van Ki-Moon.
Q. 7. Match the principal organs and agencies of the UN with their functions:
| 1. Economic and Social Council | (a) Oversees the global financial system. |
| 2. International Court of Justice | (b) Preservation of international peace and security. |
| 3. International Atomic Energy Agency | (c) Looks into the economic and social welfare of the member countries. |
| 4. Security Council | (d) Safety and peaceful use of nuclear technology. |
| 5. UN High Commission for Refugees | (e) Resolves disputes between and among member countries. |
| 6. World Trade Organisation | (f) Provides shelter and medical help during emergencies. |
| 7. International Monetary Fund | (g) Debates and discusses global issues. |
| 8. General Assembly | (h) Administration and coordination of UN affairs. |
| 9. World Health Organisation | (i) Providing good health for all. |
| 10. Secretariat. | (j) Facilitates free trade among member countries. |
Ans.
| 1. Economic and Social Council | (c) Looks into the economic and social welfare of the member countries. |
| 2. International Court of Justice | (e) Resolves disputes between and among member countries. |
| 3. International Atomic Energy Agency | (d) Safety and peaceful use of nuclear technology. |
| 4. Security Council | (b) Preservation of international peace and security. |
| 5. UN High Commission for Refugees | (f) Provides shelter and medical help during emergencies. |
| 6. World Trade Organisation | (j) Facilitates free trade among member countries. |
| 7. International Monetary Fund | (a) Oversees the global financial system. |
| 8. General Assembly | (g) Debates and discusses global issues. |
| 9. World Health Organisation | (i) Providing good health for all. |
| 10. Secretariat. | (h) Administration and coordination of UN affairs. |
Q. 8. What are the functions of the Security Council?
Or
Write a note on the Security Council.
Ans. (i) The main function of the Security Council is the preservation of international peace and security.
(ii) The Council can investigate disputes and recommend means of settling them peacefully.
(iii) If a country attacks another country it can apply a variety of sanctions against that country such as severence of displomatic relations or taking of collective military measures.
(iv) Secretary General is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
Q. 9. As a citizen of India, how would.you support India’s candidature for the Permanent Membership of the Security Council? Justify your proposal.
Ans. As a citizen of India, I will support whole heartedly India’s candidature for the Permanent Membership of the Security Council. India rightly deserves a permanent membership as it fulfills almost all the criteria laid down by the UN:
(i) India is the second most populous country in the world comprising almost one-fifth of the world population that too of multi-cultural diaspora.
(ii) India is also the world’s largest democracy.
(iii) India has always supported the initiatives taken by the UN.
(iv) It’s role in the UN’s peacekeeping efforts was/is and will always closely supporting.
(v) India has emerged as a potential economic power in the world.
(vi) India has also made regular financial contributions to the UN and never faltered on its payments.
All these factors justify India’s claim to a permanent seat in the Security Council.
Q. 10. Critically evaluate the difficulties involved in implementing the suggested reforms to reconstruct the UN.
Ans. The difficulties involved in implementing the suggested reforms to reconstruct the UN are as mentioned below:
(i) Various criterias have been suggested for a new member of the Security Council, such as a major economic power, a major military power, contribution to UN budget. Each of these criteria has some advantage. The difficulty is that there is no agreement about how great economic or military power should be. A fixed critieria cannot judge the capability of a country to be a permanent member of the Security Council because each country has its own interests.
(ii) Similarly as the UN is a world body, question arises how representation should be given to Asia, Africa, Latin America and Caribbean. Most of the developing countries that have joined the UN after the Second World War belong to these continents. These countries constitute majority in the UN members. Selection of the basis of representation i.e., geography, economic development, culture or civilisation etc. creates a problem.
(iii) Similar differences exist about the veto power in the Security Council. Without Veto Power, the great power would lose interest in the UN.
Q. 11. Though the United Nations has failed in preventing wars and related miseries, nations prefer its continuation. What makes the United Nations an indispensable organisation?
Or
Can the United Nations serve as a balance against US dominance? Explain.
Or
Can the United Nations help maintain a dialogue between the rest of the world and the US and prevent America from doing whatever it wants? Describe.
Or
Discuss the role of United Nations in a Unipolar World.
Ans. The following facts makes the UN an indispensable organisation:
(i) The UN can and has served to bring the US which is a sole superpower and the rest of the world into discussions over various issues.
(ii) The UN has brought together over 190 nations in dealing with conflict and social and economic development.
(iii) The UN provides to countries except USA an arena in which it is possible to modify US attitudes and policies. Although countries are rarely united against the US, the UN does provide a stage where arguments against specific US attitudes and policies are heard and compromises and concessions can be shaped.
(iv) In the modern world of globalisation or interdependence, the UN is helpful for seven billion people to live together. Technology will increase interdependence. In such a situation the UN will be helpful in finding ways which are consitent with the interests of a country with the interests of the international community.
Q. 12. ‘Reforming the UN means restructuring of the Security Council’. Do you agree with this statement? Give arguments for or against this position.
Ans. Yes, I agree with the statement that reforming the UN means restructuring of the Security Council. My arguments in favour of this statement are as under:
(i) A Security Council consisting of five permanents and ten non-permanent members can’t deal with the varied affairs of as many as 192 member nations.
(ii) All permanent and non-permanent members are die-hard imperialists, capitalists and more one they have experience of 64 years (1945-2009). They don’t understand pains of third world countries (viz. Asia, Africa and Latin America). An unfelt thing, they cannot represent in international platform.
(iii) New challenges like that of terrorism, global warming, epidemics, pandemic, conservation of global commons etc. can be faced only when appropriate representation to developing countries is given.
