Class 12 Swadesh Adhyayan Important Chapter 4 Economic Structure and Potentialities

Class 12 Swadesh Adhyayan Important Chapter 4 Economic Structure and Potentialities Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 12 Swadesh Adhyayan Important Chapter 4 Economic Structure and Potentialities Solutions in English and select need one. AHSEC Class 12 Swadesh Adhyayan Additional Solutions Download PDF. HS 2nd Year Swadesh Adhyayan Important Solutions.

Class 12 Swadesh Adhyayan Important Chapter 4 Economic Structure and Potentialities

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Economic Structure and Potentialities

Chapter: 4

PART – I: GEOGRAPHY

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Short Type Questions and Answers:

1. What are the four main types of resources based on availability?

Ans: Renewable, Non-renewable, Individual, and Collective resources.

2. Which mineral is referred to as the ‘Black Diamond’ in Assam?

Ans: Coal.

3. Where was crude oil first extracted in Assam?

Ans: Digboi.

4. What percentage of natural gas production in India comes from Assam?

Ans: 25%.

5. Which company first extracted crude oil in Assam?

Ans: Assam Oil Company.

6. Name the main product derived from natural gas in Assam.

Ans: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).

7. Which mineral in Assam is used in the production of cement?

Ans: Limestone.

8. What is the estimated reserve of coal in Assam?

Ans: 1000 million tonnes.

9. What is the role of the Assam Forest Department?

Ans: To protect, conserve, and manage the state’s forests and wildlife, including medicinal plants and trees for various industries.

10. Which plant is used in Assam for the production of silk?

Ans: Muga, Eri, and Pat plants.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. The total length of roads in Assam as of January 2019 is ________ km.

Ans: 57,516 km.

2. Assam contributes ________% of India’s total crude oil production.

Ans: 17%.

3. The first traces of crude oil in Assam were detected in ________.

Ans: 1822.

4. Assam is known as the “________ of Minerals” because of its rich mineral resources.

Ans: Treasure House.

5. The ________ is the largest riverine island in Assam.

Ans: Majuli.

True/False:

1. Assam’s forest cover has increased by 33% since 1970.

Ans: False (The forest cover has declined by 33%).

2. The first railway line in Assam was constructed during the British era.

Ans: True.

3. Assam contributes 25% of India’s total natural gas production.

Ans: True.

4. Assam’s oil reserves are mainly located in the Barak Valley.

Ans: False (They are mainly located in the Upper Assam region).

5. The forest cover in Assam is approximately 27% of the total land area.

Ans: False (It is approximately 21% as of recent data).

Long Type Questions and Answers:

1. Explain the classification of resources based on ownership and provide examples from Assam.

Ans: Resources can be classified into individual, collective, national, and international based on ownership. Individual resources are owned by a single person, such as a farmer’s agricultural land. Collective resources, like forests, are shared by a community. National resources, such as coal, petroleum, and minerals, are owned by the state and used for the benefit of the entire nation. International resources, like rivers crossing national boundaries, are shared by multiple countries. In Assam, the state’s natural resources such as coal and petroleum are national resources, while forests and agricultural lands are collective or individual resources.

2. Discuss the process of coal exploration and its challenges in Assam.

Ans: Coal exploration in Assam began in 1865 at Makum. The coal found in Assam belongs mainly to two types: Gondwana and Tertiary coals. Gondwana coals are found in the Himalayan foothills, and Tertiary coals are mined in large, workable seams in Upper Assam and Karbi Anglong. The challenges of coal extraction in Assam include high sulfur content, moderate carbon content, and thin coal seams, which make large-scale extraction difficult. Additionally, the extraction process faces geographical challenges such as difficult terrain and the high cost of infrastructure development in hilly areas.

3. Explain the role of petroleum and natural gas in Assam’s economy.

Ans: Petroleum and natural gas are two of Assam’s most important natural resources. Assam contributes 17% of India’s total crude oil production, and petroleum has played a significant role in the state’s economy since the first traces of crude oil were discovered in 1822. The Digboi Refinery, established in 1921, is one of the oldest oil refineries in India. Natural gas, found alongside crude oil, is used for generating electricity, producing fertilizer, and for domestic and industrial uses. Assam is home to several refineries, including those in Bongaigaon, Numaligarh, and Noonmati, which process crude oil and natural gas for various products.

4. Describe the impact of declining forest cover in Assam.

Ans: Assam has seen a significant decline in its forest cover from 64% in 1970 to about 21% in 2019. The causes of deforestation include agricultural expansion, urbanization, and illegal logging. This decline has led to the loss of biodiversity, as many species of flora and fauna are dependent on forest ecosystems. Forests in Assam are crucial for regulating the climate, providing oxygen, and supporting wildlife, including endangered species like the one-horned rhinoceros. The reduction in forest cover also impacts the economy, as forests supply raw materials for industries, including timber, bamboo, and medicinal plants.

5. What are the major industrial challenges faced by Assam despite its rich natural resources?

Ans: Despite its abundant natural resources, Assam faces significant industrial challenges. One of the major challenges is poor infrastructure, including inadequate transportation, roads, and railways, which makes it difficult to move raw materials to industries. The state’s remote location and lack of direct connectivity to major industrial hubs further hinder industrial growth. Additionally, the lack of capital, entrepreneurial spirit, and skilled workforce are also barriers to industrial development. Natural disasters, such as floods and landslides, further complicate industrial progress in the region.

6. Explain the role of the ‘Namami Brahmaputra’ and ‘Namami Barak’ initiatives in Assam.

Ans: The ‘Namami Brahmaputra’ and ‘Namami Barak’ initiatives were launched to promote the economic development of Assam by leveraging its river systems, especially the Brahmaputra and Barak rivers. These projects aim to harness the rivers for economic activities like tourism, trade, and water transport. The projects are also focused on cleaning the rivers, preserving their ecology, and using the waterways for transporting goods, thereby boosting Assam’s industrial and economic potential. However, despite the good intentions behind these projects, the results have been less than expected due to issues like insufficient funding, delayed implementation, and lack of effective management.

7. Discuss the importance of forest resources in Assam and their economic contributions.

Ans: Assam is home to rich and diverse forest resources, which contribute significantly to the state’s economy. Forests in Assam supply raw materials for the construction industry, such as timber for buildings, bridges, and furniture. They also provide bamboo, cane, medicinal plants, and various fruits. Forests are also vital for the state’s tea industry, as many tea gardens are located in forested regions. Additionally, forest products like honey and natural resins contribute to local livelihoods. The forests also play an essential role in controlling climate and maintaining the ecological balance of the region.

8. What are the factors contributing to the industrial inertia in Assam?

Ans: Assam’s industrial development has been slow due to several factors. One major factor is its geographical location, which is isolated from the rest of India by a narrow corridor. The region’s challenging topography, including hills and rivers, makes infrastructure development difficult. The region is also prone to natural disasters like floods and landslides, which frequently damage roads and railways. Another factor is the lack of capital and investment, as industries are hesitant to set up in the region due to political instability and inadequate infrastructure. Furthermore, there is a lack of entrepreneurial spirit among the youth in Assam, limiting industrial growth.

9. How is Assam addressing the issue of declining forest cover?

Ans: Assam is taking several measures to address the declining forest cover. Social forestry programs, initiated in 1987, have encouraged tree plantation and community involvement in conservation efforts. Additionally, the state government has implemented a ban on indiscriminate logging and promoted sustainable forest management practices. The increase in awareness about environmental issues and the involvement of local communities in reforestation projects have also contributed to improving the situation. However, continued efforts and funding are necessary to reverse the forest cover decline and protect the state’s biodiversity.

10. What are the major forest-based industries in Assam and their contributions to the economy?

Ans: Assam has several forest-based industries, including plywood, paper mills, and bamboo industries. These industries use raw materials like timber, bamboo, and cane to produce goods that are essential for construction, packaging, and paper production. The state also has industries focused on herbal medicines, as forests are a rich source of medicinal plants. These industries contribute significantly to the local economy by providing employment, supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, and generating export revenue.