Class 12 Political Science Important Chapter 1 The End of Bio-Polarity Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 12 Political Science Additional Solutions in English and select need one. AHSEC Class 12 Political Science Additional Solutions Download PDF. HS 2nd Year Political Science Important Solutions.
Class 12 Political Science Important Chapter 1 The End of Bio-Polarity
Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. ASSEB Class 12 Political Science Additional Question Answer are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given HS 2nd Political Science Important Solutions English Medium for All Chapters, You can practice these here.
The End of Bio-Polarity
Chapter: 1
| PART – A: CONTEMPORARY WORLD POLITICS |
| IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER |
Answer the Following Question:
1. What was the Soviet Union’s system based on?
Ans: The Soviet Union’s system was based on socialism, aiming to create an egalitarian society with state ownership of resources and planned control over the economy.
2. Which countries formed the Soviet Bloc, also known as the ‘Second World’?
Ans: The Soviet Bloc consisted of East European countries, including Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, East Germany, and others, which followed the Soviet political and economic model.
3. What were the major consequences of the disintegration of the Soviet Union for India?
Ans: The disintegration of the Soviet Union shifted the global power balance, with the US becoming the dominant superpower. For India, it meant adjusting its foreign policy, maintaining strong relations with Russia, and navigating the challenges posed by a new world order.
4. Who was the first country to declare its independence from the Soviet Union?
Ans: Lithuania was the first country to declare its independence from the Soviet Union in 1990.
5. Explain the relationship between India and Russia after the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
Ans: India and Russia continued to share a strong relationship based on historical ties, cooperation in defense, energy, and nuclear programs, and a mutual interest in a multipolar world order.
6. What was the impact of the disintegration of the Soviet Union on the Cold War?
Ans: The disintegration of the Soviet Union marked the end of the Cold War, as the ideological and military rivalry between the US and the USSR came to a close, leading to a unipolar world dominated by the United States.
7. What led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union?
Ans: The disintegration of the Soviet Union was caused by several factors: economic stagnation, inefficiency in meeting the needs of citizens, and the burden of maintaining a nuclear and military arsenal. Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) unintentionally weakened the Soviet Union’s control, leading to nationalist movements and the eventual collapse of the USSR in 1991.
8. Explain the term ‘Shock Therapy’ in post-communist countries.
Ans: ‘Shock Therapy’ refers to a set of rapid economic reforms in post-communist countries, aimed at transitioning from socialism to capitalism. These reforms included privatization of state-owned industries, deregulation, and liberalization of trade. While intended to quickly integrate these countries into the global market, it led to economic hardships, inflation, and increased inequality.
9. How did Gorbachev’s policies contribute to the end of the Cold War?
Ans: Gorbachev’s policies of glasnost and perestroika, along with his decision to reduce military tensions with the West, helped in easing Cold War confrontations. He allowed Eastern European countries to pursue their own paths, which led to the collapse of communist regimes in the region and ultimately ended the ideological divide between the US and the USSR.
10. What were the main political and economic characteristics of the Soviet Union?
Ans: Politically, the Soviet Union was a one-party state under the control of the Communist Party, with no political opposition allowed. Economically, it was a centrally planned economy, with state ownership of land and industries. The government controlled production, distribution, and prices, ensuring basic welfare but resulting in inefficiencies and stagnation.
11. What were the causes of economic stagnation in the Soviet Union?
Ans: The causes of economic stagnation in the Soviet Union included excessive military spending during the arms race, inefficiency in state-run industries, technological lag behind the West, and a lack of consumer goods. The centralized control over the economy also made it difficult to adapt to changing global economic conditions, leading to shortages and poor living standards for many citizens.
12. Explain the role of Gorbachev in the fall of the Soviet Union.
Ans: Gorbachev played a crucial role in the fall of the Soviet Union by initiating reforms like glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) to address economic inefficiencies and political repression. His decision not to use military force to suppress uprisings in Eastern Europe and his failure to manage the growing nationalist movements within the Soviet republics led to the weakening and eventual collapse of the Soviet system.
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