NIOS Class 12 Tourism Chapter 6 Understanding Indian Culture and Heritage

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NIOS Class 12 Tourism Chapter 6 Understanding Indian Culture and Heritage

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Understanding Indian Culture and Heritage

Chapter: 6

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER

INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.1

1. Name the state where Bhangra is a popular dance form.

Ans: Punjab.

2. What is the dance form of Assam known as?

Ans: Bihu.

3. Which region is famous for Kantha Embroidery?

Ans: Bengal.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.2

1. Give two examples of people who came to India from outside and settled here. 

Ans: Kushans and Mughals.

2. Name the civilization with which the Harappans were known to have had trade relations across the seas.

Ans: China and Mesopotamia.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.3

1. Define the concept of Heritage.

Ans: Heritage is what is inherited. Heritage is something that, on the one hand, is unique and characteristic of a specific location, city, region, or country and, on the other, of a family, group, or people. It has been developed or developed in the course of history, both natural and human.

2. Name different types of Heritages.

Ans: Tangible, Intangible, Natural, Cultural.

3. Differentiate between Tangible and Intangible Heritages with suitable examples.

Ans: Tangible is visible like coins, monuments, artefacts, real sculpture etc. Intangible is invisible like style particles, and customs etc.

4. With the help of suitable examples, describe major features of Natural Heritages.

Ans: Natural Heritages like birds, trees, forests, and rivers etc. Here are some major features of natural heritage, along with suitable examples:

(i) Biodiversity : It encompasses the variety of life on Earth, including different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystems they form.

Example: The Amazon Rainforest.

(ii) Geological Features: Natural heritage includes significant geological formations that illustrate the Earth’s history and processes.

Example: The Grand Canyon.

(iii) Scenic Beauty: Many natural heritage sites are recognized for their stunning landscapes and aesthetic value.

Example: The fjords of Norway.

(iv) Unique Ecosystems: Certain areas possess unique ecosystems that support rare or endangered species and are crucial for ecological balance.

 Example: The Great Barrier Reef.

(v) Climate Regulation: Natural heritage areas play a vital role in regulating the climate by acting as carbon sinks and influencing weather patterns.

Example: The Amazon Rainforest.

(vi) Tourism and Economic Value: Natural heritage sites often attract tourism, which can provide economic benefits to local communities while promoting conservation.

Example: The Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.

Terminal Exercise

1. What are the different components of culture?

Ans: Culture has two distinctive components – material and non-material. Material culture consists of objects that are related to the material aspect of our life such as our dress, food and household goods. Non-material culture refers to ideas, ideals, thoughts and belief.

2. Give the meaning of material and non-material culture.

Ans: Material Culture: Material culture consists of objects that are related to the material aspects of our life such as our dress, food and household goods.

Non-material Culture: Non-material culture refers to ideas, ideals, thoughts and belief.

3. Define the secular character of Indian culture.

Ans: India’s culture is secular, and it states that we can follow any religion with our own free will. India is proclaimed by the Constitution to be a secular country. All are free to profess, practice, and spread the faith of their own choosing. The state has no religion of itself, and the state treats all religions fairly. No one should be discriminated against on the grounds of religion. People have established a broad perspective to a large degree, and they believe in the concept of life and others.

4. Describe the distinctive features of Indian culture.

Ans: Features of Indian culture are:

(i) Continuity and Change: In India, there are a few examples of progressive shifts in Indian philosophy and practices, However, the thread of Indian culture’s fundamental ideology has persisted and still survives. Therefore, Indian culture has always been characterised by a phase of continuity and change. This demonstrates our culture’s diverse character.

(ii) Variety and Unity: The intermingling of different ethnic groups Is the second significant explanation for the diversity In our society. People from far and near had been coming and settling here since time immemorial. We find people living in India belonging to various ethnic stocks, such as the Proto-Australoids, the Negnoids, and the Mongoloids.

(iii) Secular Outlook: India is proclaimed by the Constitution to be a secular country. All are free to profess, practice, and spread the faith of their own choosing. The state has no religion of itself, and the state treats all religions fairly. No one should be discriminated against on the grounds of religion. People have established a broad perspective to a large degree, and they believe in the concept of life and others.

(iv) Universalism: The notion of co-existence has not been limited solely to the country’s geographical and political borders. India has a universal outlook and has been preaching to the whole world the message of peace and harmony.

5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Cultural synthesis in India.

Ans: The cultural heritage of India is not only one of the most ancient, but one of the most expensive and varied as well. Many races and sects came here from ancient times to the present and left their marks on the culture. To establish a distinctive Indian community, these individuals either came into contact with India temporarily or permanently settled within its boundaries. A synthesis of multiple cultures resulted in this. As a result, India became known as the land of great wonders and diversity because of its rates and precious cultural and natural heritage.

(b) Spirituality. 

Ans: Spirituality is a broad notion with space for many viewpoints. Generally speaking, it involves a sense of belonging to something greater than ourselves, and it usually involves a search for meaning in life. As such, something that touches us all is a shared human experience. The consistency, rather than the physical parts of life, Includes deep feelings and convictions of a religious nature.

(c) Adaptability as a characteristic of Indian culture. 

Ans: Adaptability is one of the intrinsic characteristics of an Indian, I suppose. Indian culture has survived through the centuries because of its adaptability and comprehensivity. Unity in diversity is one of the critical attributes of the Indian community that makes it distinctive. Over the centuries, a fusion of different cultures came into being to give form to what is today known as Indian culture.

6. Explain in detail unity in diversity in the context of Indian culture.

Ans: In terms of tradition, culture, faith, ethnicity, language, festivals, cuisine, and much more, India is a very diverse country. It is said that Unity in Diversity suits well with the diversity of India. As many races and tríbes mingled in early India, ancient Indian history is exciting. Homes in India were rendered by the pre-Aryans, the Indo-Aryans, the Greeks, the Scythians, the Hunas, the Turks, and many others. The growth of the Indian social system, art, architecture, language and literacy gave every ethnic group its mite. All these people and their cultural characteristics have fused so inseparably that they can be remembered in their original form.

7. What is Culture? Discuss with examples the main characteristics and values of Indian Culture.

Ans: Culture is the expression of our nature in our modes of living and thinking.

Characteristics of Indian Culture are:

(i) Continuity and Change: In India, there are a few examples of progressive shifts in Indian philosophy and practices. However, the thread of Indian culture’s fundamental ideology has persisted and still survives. Therefore, Indian culture has always been characterized by a phase of continuity and change. This demonstrates our culture’s diverse character.

About 4500 years ago, Harappan civilízation flourished in the Indian subcontinent and also had trade with the Mesopotamian and Chínese civilizations. Archaeologists had found evidence to demonstrate that well before the mature period of the Harappan civilization, cultures existed here.

(ii) Variety and Unity: The intermingling of different ethnic groups is the second significant explanation for the dìversity in our society. People from far and near had been coming and settling here since time immemorial. We find people living in India belonging to various ethnic stocks, such as the Proto-Australoids, the Negnoids, and the Mongoloids.

While the people of Uttar Pradesh use mustard oil for cooking, Kerala uses coconut oil. This is because Kerala is a coastal state, and there is plenty of coconut growing here, while Uttar Pradesh is a direct region that is favorable for mustard growth.

(iii) Secular Outlook: India is proclaimed by the Constitution to be a secular country. All are free to profess, practice, and spread the faith of their own choosing. The state has no religion of itself, and the state treats all religions fairly. No one should be díscriminated against on the grounds of religion. People have established a broad perspective to a large degree, and they believe in the concept of life and others.

(iv) Universalism: The notion of co-existence has not been limited solely to the country’s geographical and political borders. India has a universal outlook and has been preaching to the whole world the message of peace and harmony.

8. How do Culture and Heritage form core components of Tourism?

Ans: Heritage is the inheritance, in tangible and intangible form, of natural features or cultural characteristics inherited from past generations that are preserved in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.

In our modes of living and thought, culture is the manifestation of our existence. In our literature, in religious beliefs, in leisure and enjoyment, it can be seen. There are two distinctive components of culture, namely, material and non-material. Material culture consists of items such as our clothes, food, and household products that are linked to the material aspect of our life. Non-Material culture is the values and beliefs.

Varieties of tourist attractions are provided by culture and heritage. They are critical components of tourism for these reasons.

9. Discuss the different kinds of heritages with appropriate examples from India.

Ans: Heritage is the inheritance, in tangible and intangible form, of natural features or cultural characteristics inherited from past generations that are preserved in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.

Heritage is Broadly Classified as:

(i) Tangible Heritage: The constructed heritage that is visible or seen is tangible heritage. It consists of actual objects, concrete materials, etc., such as coins, monuments, artifacts, paintings, inscriptions, seals.

(ii) Intangible Heritage: In response to there environment, their relationship with nature, and their past, the immaterial cultural heritage transmitted from generation to generation is continuously recreated by societies and groups and provides them with a sense of identity and continuity.

(iii) Natural Heritage: Natural heritage includes natural characteristics such as mountains, trees, deserts, rivers, flora, fauna, large bodíes of water such as oceans and seas, etc. These are not the invention of human beings, but are gifts of nature and are subject to natural agents of erosion, decay, depletion and resource pressure, etc.

(iv) Cultural Heritage: Cultural heritage is human-centered and developed over a long period of time through people’s development, creativity, intellect, skills, creative abilities. These are the combined product of both faith and society’s numerous activities. These can be seen in customs, dance, music, loud habits, ways of living, physical and behavioral patterns of living life.