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NIOS Class 12 Tourism Chapter 1 Evolution of Tourism
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Evolution of Tourism
Chapter: 1
| TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 1.1
1. How did educational institutions in the past help in the growth of tourism?
Ans: Educational institutions attracted many disciples to gain knowledge. They came from different places. They interacted with each other and knew about many areas. This caused the eagerness to travel and tour other parts.
2. What is the role of sea voyage in spreading tourism?
Ans: Sea voyage taken up by many adventurers led to knowing many areas of the world. In the process, they established trade between the regions. It further led to colonization and the interest of gaining more profits. Due to all this, the tourism also grew
3. What are the factors influencing tourism in the recent years?
Ans: There are many factors for the growth of tourism in the recent years. Important among them are transport facilities, hotels, food and beverage, growing income of the people, leisure holidays, promotion of tourism by the government by giving leave travel concession, discount by tour operators etc.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 1.2
1. Write a brief note on the evolutionary changes in human life.
Ans: The human being has gone through several evolutionary changes in the past beginning with a completely nomadic life to the present modern life style.
2. What is nomadism?
Ans: Nomads are people associated with roaming in search of food and pastures along with their pet animals. Important pet animals were dogs and horses. They were helpful in catching the prey for them Nomads were not permanent settlers.
They were mainly of three types:
(i) Hunter-gatherers.
(ii) Pastoral nomads.
(iii) Peripatetic nomads.
3. How did Trade initiate the growth of tourism?
Ans: Trade led to the interaction of people and knowing the greater area in detail which further led to tourism activities.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 1.3
1. How did the silk and spice routes promote tourism?
Ans: Due to the promotion of silk and spice trade, the interaction of the people increased. They used to travel often which further led to tourism.
2. When and where did Vasco de Gama land in India?
Ans: Vasco da Gama landed in India in the year 1498 at the port of Calicut (present-day Kozhikode in Kerala).
INTEXT QUESTIONS 1.4
1. Write a note on Deoband.
Ans: Deoband is one of the ancient cities in the country The Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic school in India where the Deobandi Islamic movement was started. It is located at Deoband, a town in Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. It was founded in 1866 by prominent Islamic scholars (Ulema), headed by Maulana Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi.
2. What is religious and pilgrimage tourism?
Ans: Religious Tourism can be defined as travel with the core motive of experiencing religious forms which includes many products like art, culture, tradition and architecture of a certain time. Religious tourism is commonly known as faith tourism. Pilgrimage tourism is the higher level of believers. Pilgrimage may be taken up by any group of people, but truly speaking., pilgrimage is taken up by people in their latter part of their life. They are staunch supporters of their faith to which they belong.
| Terminal Exercise |
1. Write an account of the evolutionary changes in the human lifestyle.
Ans: The human being has undergone many evolutionary shifts in the past, starting from a fully nomadic life to the new western style of life. People were nomads in the beginning, and they wandered in search of food and livelihoods. Instead of getting pleasure, they were more interested in getting food. Their movements were restricted from their stay to a walkable distance.The advent of agriculture and animal domestication contributed to the creation of human life on earth. People had to live in harsh natural environments at that time. Their living situation was limited to areas where life was a little simpler and close to the banks of the river. These were the regions in which civilizations evolved.The infrastructure needed for the travel and tourism,such as land routes and waterways, was developed as empires started growing in African, Asia, and the Middle East in ancient times.
2. Give a description of the early human migration.
Ans: Human migration includes moving people from one place to another with the objective of living in a new area, temporarily or permanently.
The worldwide search for markets to buy and sell finished products started with the advent of the Industrial Revolution in the West. The movement of individuals from the location they live currently to another is migration. This has been taking place for a very long time now. It is assumed that early migration occurred around a million years ago when Homo-erectus first migrated from Africa to the European and Asian regions.
3. Explain tourism in the early period.
Ans: Since the early days in search of food, commerce, religious reasons, and even education, human beings have moved from one place to another place. However, for several reasons, this journey was restricted and confined to places that were close by.
There was a shortage of highways, a lack of food supply, road insecurity, and also a lack of knowledge of both locations and routes. When it was granted royal patronage, traveling became easier at times. A very good example of such journeys can be traced back to the times of Maurya In 262 BC. People could travel to far-flung places like Patliputra (Patna), Lumbini, Kapilvastu, Sarnath, and Gaya due to Emperor Ashoka’s royal patronage. Memorials and rest houses where travelers could rest were set up at each site. Trees were planted along the road to give travelers a comfortable ride. Harsh Vardhan was a great Buddhist follower, too. For travelers, he established several Dharamsala. For the pilgrims, a number of monasteries were also established. This highlights how travel services have been improved, and travel has been made easier.
4. Discuss tourism in the colonial and modern period.
Ans: The British emerged from the Indian rulers as winners and eventually gained power. With time, their presence grew, and gradually they took over the whole country in the colonial period. The roads and waterways have been in service since ancient times. In the modern era, both modes of transport systems have significantly contributed to the tourism industry.
Tourism in the Colonial Period:
In 1498, Vasco da Gama entered Calicut, on the western coast of Kerala, and opened the way for India and Europe to trade and trade. The Dutch and the British were the next to arrive. The internal conflict between the Kingdoms of India provided foreign traders with opportunities to gradually develop their political influence. Among them, the British emerged from the Indian rulers as winners and eventually gained power.
Tourism in Modern Period:
The Indian Railways was the most extensive infrastructure facility for domestic travelers in the field of transport. The first train was launched in 1853, primarily for commercial purposes, between Bombay (Mumbai) and Thane. India’s rail network has improved the probability of traveling comfortably. With the introduction of air travel in the region, the movement of foreign tourists soon intensified.
5. What are the silk and spice routes? Explain their importance in expanding tourism.
Ans: The Silk and Spice Routes are historic trade networks that facilitated the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas between the East and West.
Importance in Expanding Tourism:
(i) A set of paths used for the commercial movement of goods have been established by trade routes. It has led to the transport of goods over longer distances. The trunk route was recognized as the main transport route’s artery, and supporting, and interconnecting paths were created from this artery to serve a larger area.
(ii) In the far past, this general idea was also true. Two of these paths were very important. They were the Route of Silk and the Route of Spice.
(iii) From the lucrative Chinese silk trade that was carried out along its length, the Silk route got its name. In the growth of the civilizations of China and the Indian subcontinent, Persia, and Arabia, trade on Silk Road was an important factor.
(iv) Maritime spice trading routes in the Indian Ocean were dominated by Muslim merchants. The trade was transformed by the European Discovery Period, during which the trade in spices, mainly black pepper, became an essential activity for European traders.
6. Write the importance of education and its association with tourism.
Ans: Education plays a crucial role in shaping the tourism industry. It helps individuals understand the value of culture, heritage, environment, and the principles of responsible travel. An educated society is more likely to appreciate the benefits of tourism and participate in preserving and promoting local traditions, historical monuments, and biodiversity.
Historically, educational tourism has deep roots in India. For example, scholars from China visited and studied at Nalanda and Vikramshila University, the growth of educational institutions in the past has led to increasing tourist activities.
The movement of people for particular reasons started with the passing of time. Then people migrated in search of an excellent education to far-flung areas. This has given educational tourism a tremendous boost. In far-flung areas, countless schools and educational institutions for science have arisen. We are witnessing the restart of a very ancient university in India today called Nalanda University in Bihar.
7. How did sea voyages help to know the world and what was its contribution to tourism?
Ans: Sea voyaging taken up by many explorers has contributed to many parts of the world. In the process, trade between the regions was created. This also contributed to colonization and the need to earn more money. Because of all this, tourism has also risen. The discovery by the influential discoverers of the routes led to a growing understanding of the planet. Basically, they were explorers who took journeys to various parts of the globe. This exploration of new places has undoubtedly contributed to modern-day tourism.
8. Write an account of tourism and its status in historical perspective.
Ans: It is possible to see the growth of tourism from a historical perspective. From the beginning of the present times, it has a wide variation.
Tourism in the Early Period:
Since the early days, human beings have traveled from one place to another to search for food, trade, religious reasons, and even education. However, this journey was limited and confined to places that were close by for many reasons.
There was a shortage of roads, a shortage of food supplies, road insecurity, as well as a lack of awareness of both locations and routes. At times, traveling became simpler when royal patronage was given. It is possible to trace a very good example of such journeys back to the times of Maurya in 262 BC.
Tourism in the Colonial Period:
In 1498, on the western coast of Kerala, Vasco da Gama reached Calicut and opened the way for trade and trade between India and Europe. The next ones to arrive were the Dutch and the British. The internal dispute between the Kingdoms of India created opportunities for foreign traders to establish their political influence gradually. Among them, as champions, the British emerged from the Indian rulers and finally gained control.
Tourism in Modern Period:
The Indian Railways was the most extensive infrastructure facility in the field of transport for domestic travelers. The first train between Bombay (Mumbai) and Thane was launched in 1853, mainly for commercial purposes. The possibility of convenient travel has been increased by India’s rail network. The movement of international tourists soon increased with the introduction of air travel in the area.
Tourism after Independence:
Due to the diverse nature of the physical and climatic conditions prevailing in the region, India has a long list of tourist destinations. In terms of culture, faith, race, creation, scenic beauty, history, and much more, India is a state of unity in diversity. Today, India has built an enormous infrastructure for the country’s tourism growth and development.
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