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NIOS Class 12 Tourism Chapter 13 Growth and Patterns of Tourism in India
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Growth and Patterns of Tourism in India
Chapter: 13
| TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.1
1. Differentiate between domestic and international tourists.
Ans: A person who travels within the country to a place other than his/her usual place of residence or work and stays in any accommodation for not less than 24 hours is a domestic tourist. An international tourist is a person visiting India on a foreign passport, staying at least 24 hours in India. The purpose should be holiday, leisure, sports, pilgrimage, religious belief, education, health-medical and social functions. There should not be very kind of job undertaken and salary/remuneration received.
2. Explain the natural and cultural landscape tourism?
Ans: Natural Landscapes Include – Mountain tourism, Island tourism, Desert tourism, Coastal tourism, Lacustrine tourism, Wildlife tourism, Adventure tourism. Whereas Cultural Landscape includes – Religious tourism, Historical tourism, Traditional tourism, Health and medical tourism, Sport tourism and Rural tourism.
3. Describe the MICE tourism.
Ans: (MICE) means Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions . It is a fast emerging trend in the tourism sector; particularly, after the liberalisation of the Indian economy since 1991. Medical Tourism is also a fast emerging sector because of cheaper and efficient care.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.2
1. Define the growth of tourism.
Ans: The Growth of tourism may be positive or negative. A positive growth takes place when there is addition in the number of tourists. A negative growth occurs when there is decrease in tourist number as compared to past years.
2. What is the pattern of foreign tourist arrivals in India?
Ans: Out of the top ten tourist originating nations to India, the percentage share in FTAs in India during 2014 was the highest from USA with 14.57% followed by Bangladesh with 12.27%.
3. Which state of India contributes to domestic tourism significantly?
Ans: The state of Tamil Nadu significantly contributes in domestic tourism.
| Terminal Exercise |
1. Discuss the growth and patterns of International tourists visiting India.
Ans: During 1951-2011, a consistently positive increase in foreign tourist arrivals was reported in the Indian tourism industry. India is a less costly country. Thus, international tourists are spending more extended periods of time in India. It is excellent for us to have foreign visitors living here for a little over a month. That means that India is the most popular destination for international tourists. India has remained a strong attraction for international tourism as it offers the best tourist facilities at cheap rates. The total number of the foreign tourist arrivals to India in 1951 was just 16829. It rose in 1981 to 1.14 million and in 2011 to 6.30 million. Over the last 60 years, 6.13 million foreign tourists have risen in total. In India, international tourist arrivals are continually rising. India’s share of international tourist arrivals in 1997 was just 0.40 percent. In 2011, it increased to 0.64 percent. A total of 6.31 million international tourists visited different tourist spots in India in 2011. India’s world tourism ranking has risen from 54th in 2002 to 38th in 2011. It improved further to the rank of 24 in 2015.
2. Explain the factors affecting the growth of tourism.
Ans: Some significant factors responsible for the growth of tourism in any area are geographical, cultural, safety and security, economic, facilities and services, and government policies:
(i) Geographical: The movement of tourists is influenced by geographical conditions. In summer, tourists from the hot plain region usually go to hill stations for a cooler and friendly climate. During the winter season, tourists from cold regions go to hot places. The region’s location, climate, landscape, and geographical diversity attract large numbers of tourists.
(ii) Cultural Event: Some social events, such as markets, fairs, dances, gatherings, local traditions, and rituals, draw significant numbers of tourists. In West Bengal, Durga Pooja, Holi and Diwali in North India, Goa Carnival, Dandiya in Gujarat, Rajasthan Desert Festival, Surajkund Mela in Haryana, Onam in Kerala, etc., there are only a few important events for a large number of tourists.
(iii) Safety and Security: Safety and security have a significant influence on tourist development. If there is some disaster with any tourist mishap, the occurrence decreases the tourist inflow. Every tourist wants his or her protection first and foremost.
(iv) Economic condition: Tourism is often influenced by the economic circumstances of individuals. In contrast to the lower class, people with high incomes usually move more because they have high buying power. They will spend a lot of money on events on travel and tourism.
(v) Facilities and Services: Different infrastructural facilities and services are available that significantly determine the tourist traffic. These include lodging, hotels, accessibility, transport, banking, networking facilities, tickets, guides, leisure activities, etc. The quality and availability of these services attract or deter tourists from visiting any area.
(vi) Government Policies: Government policies impact the influx of visitors to a greater degree. The government can grant certain incentives, packages, liberal visa policies, and travel regulations to encourage tourism in the country. Some countries do not need a tourist visa, they issue it on arrival, and some countries have very complicated requirements for it to be issued.
3. Examine the steps taken by the Government of India for promoting tourism.
Ans: Various foreign policies for the growth and promotion of tourism in India are being implemented by the Ministry of Tourism. Besides, the Ministry also consults and collaborates with various stakeholders and private sector representatives.
(i) The Ministry of Tourism is introducing various foreign policies for the development and promotion of tourism in India. In addition, the Minístry also consults with different stakeholders and members of the private sector and works with them.
(ii) In India, under the Ministry of Transport in 1949, a tourist branch was created. However, there was a separate Tourism Department in 1957 and the Tourism Development Council in 1958.
(iii) Tourism growth by planning started in the second Five Year Plan in a modest way. Indian tourism developed greatly during the Sixth Five Year Plan. Because of the measures taken by Government of India from time to time, the tourist influx in the country continued to increase.
(iv) In 1982, a National Tourism Policy was announced, which set a new course. The Government of India formulated policies to improve the tourism industry.
(v) In the 7th Five Year Plan (1985-90), the Government of India gave it the status of being an industry. Later, in 1988, the National Tourism Committee, under the chairmanship of Mohammad Yunus, devised a comprehensive plan for achieving sustainable tourism development.
(vi) This committee’s report is named the foundation stone of Indian tourism. A National Action Plan was established in 1992 that included a series of measures to achieve a remarkable growth in the arrival of visitors and foreign exchange.
(vii) The National Tourism Promotion Plan was drafted in 1996. The government declared the Ministry of Tourism to be a separate ministry on 14 May 2000.
(viii) The Government of India allocated more than Rs 1,000 crore to the Ministry of Tourism for the promotion of tourism activities in the country in the Union Budget 2010.
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