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NIOS Class 12 Tourism Chapter 11 Cultural Attractions of india
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Cultural Attractions of india
Chapter: 11
| TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 11.1
A. Choose the correct Answer:
(i) An event, usually and ordinarily staged by a local community, which centers on and celebrates some unique aspect of that community and the Festival is called:
(a) Tradition.
(b) Festival.
(c) Culture.
(d) Fair.
Ans: (c) Culture.
(ii) Gathering of people to display or trade produce or other goods, to parade or display animals and often to enjoy associated entertainment is called:
(a) Fair.
(b) Feast.
(c) Tradition.
(d) Festival.
Ans: (a) Fair.
(iii) Which festival is a mixture of the religious, festive, the spectacular and full of fun and frolic activities?
(a) Gurpurb.
(b) Baisakhi.
(c) Christmas.
(d) Raksha Bandhan
Ans: (c) Christmas.
(iv) Name the states where the following festivals are celebrated
(a) Bihu.
(b) Baisakhi.
(c) Rath Yatra.
(d) Kutch
Ans: (a) Assam (b) Punjab (c) Odisha (d) Gujarat.
INTEX QUESTIONS 11.2
1. Tick the correct option
i. Sonepur fair is popular as:
(a) Animal fair.
(b) Book fair
(c) Camel fair.
(d) Mango fair.
Ans: (a) Animal fair.
ii. The largest and holiest fair in India is:
(a) Goa Carnival.
(b) Pushkar fair.
(c) Kumbh mela.
(d) Makar Sakranti.
Ans: (c) Kumbh mela.
2. Why are fairs considered as tourist attractions?
Ans: They hold certain events which attract people like the Goa Carnival or the Kumbh Mela.
3. Describe the significance of Kumbh for tourists.
Ans: The event takes place after 12 years and Hindus consider bathing in the river Ganges as a pious act.
4. Why is the Goa Carnival an International tourist attraction?
Ans: Goa carnival is an annual event which takes place in Goa every year which in filled with fun, frolic, and merry making. Many visitors flock to see this event.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 11.3
1. Tick the correct option:
(i) Bharatanatyam dance has its origin in:
(a) Karnataka.
(b) Maharashtra.
(c) Odisha.
(d) Tamil Nadu.
Ans: (d) Tamil Nadu.
(ii) Indian dances depend on:
(a) Raaga.
(b) Bhav.
(c) Mudra.
(d) Bhav and mudras.
Ans: (d) Bhav and mudras.
(iii) Which dance form depicts stories from epics and scriptures:
(a) Kathakali.
(b) Bharatanatyam.
(c) Kathak.
(d) Odissi.
Ans: (a) Kathakali.
(iv) South Indian music is also known as:
(a) Carnatic music.
(b) Dakhinni music.
(c) Kannada music.
(d) Hindustani music.
Ans: (a) Carnatic music.
2. Why are dance and music an integral part of Tourist attractions?
Ans: Dance and music are enjoyed by the tourists especially the foreign tourist. This is because these events have been popularised by the Indians settled abroad.
3. List any five popular Indian music instruments.
Ans: Mridanga, violin, tabla, flute, bansuri, harmonium, sitar, veena, dholak, sarod.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 11.4
1. Why are cuisines unavoidable Tourist attractions?
Ans: The cuisines form an integral part of any cultural programme together with the festivals and fairs held in the country.
2. Name any five food styles of India available to the tourists.
Ans: Mughlai, Oudhi, Rajasthani, South Indian, Punjabi, Gujarati, Maharashtrian Food.
| Terminal Exercise |
1. Differentiate between Festivals and Fairs.
Ans: Festivals: Festivals are related to a religious festival that focuses on the religious practices in that culture and celebrates them. These festivals can have very interesting activities attached to them.
In India, there are two types of festivals religio- cultural and national festivals.
Fairs: Fair is a meeting of individuals to view or exchange goods or other products, including purchasing and selling livestock. Such fairs are also transient in nature and can only last for an afternoon or a fortnight.
2. Why are Culture, festivals and fairs considered as Tourist attractions?
Ans: Festivals are an essential part of our country’s history. The color, gaiety, enthusiasm, prayers, and rituals define these festivals. The size and multiplicity of Indian fairs and festivals that have developed in society is often affected by international tourists. Therefore, cultural elements form a big part of our country’s tourist attractions. Indian culture’s attractions relate to people’s way of Ife. Language, faith, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs may be theirs. The culture varies from place to place because India is a big country with a massive population. India is home to many faiths as well and has many festivals to celebrate. Fair isa meeting of individuals to view or exchange goods or other products, including purchasing and selling livestock. Such fairs are also transient in nature and can only last for an afternoon or a fortnight. Festivals are related to a religious festival that focuses on the religious practices in that culture and celebrates them. These festivals can have very interesting activities attached to them.
3. Mention any three major Hindu festivals. How do they become Tourist attractions? Explain.
Ans: Dussehra, Diwali and Holi are major Hindu festivals of India.
(i) Dussehra: In the Hindu month of Ashvin, Dussehra is among the most famous Indian festivals (around September or October). Rama (the god and hero of the great Hindu epic, the Ramayana, defeated the evil Ravana on this day, the 10-headed demon-king of Lanka who had kidnapped the wife of Rama, Sita.
(ii) Diwali: Perhaps the most famous of all Hindu festivals in India is Deepawali or the Festival of Lights. Twenty days after Dussehra, it comes. It is a joyful celebration that signifies Rama’s return from the forests after Ravana was destroyed. People have their homes decorated,
(iii) Holi: The most vibrant of Hindu festivals, Holi, is observed in North India. It heralds end of winter and the beginning of spring, and the spirit of Iife is rekindled.
4. Mention any two major Muslim festivals. How do they serve as Tourist
attractions? Explain.
Ans: Eid ul-Fitr and Muharram are two major Muslim festivals.
(i) Eid ul Fitr: Eid ul-Fitr is India’s largest Muslim festival. The festival is essential both for its timing and for its religious consequences. It is celebrated on the first day of Shavwal, a month in the Hijri year, following the month of Ramzan (the month of fasting and the ninth yearn) (Muslim year). It is claimed that, in the month of Ramzan, the Quran was revealed to the Prophet Mohammed.
(ii) Muharram: Muharram is a mourning occasion to recall the martyrdom of the Prophet’s grandsons, Imam Hassan, and Hussain.
5. Identify the major Jain and Buddhist festivals and state their significance as Tourist attractions.
Ans: Buddha Purnima is the major festival of Buddhists, and Mahavir Jayanti is the major festival of Jains.
Buddha Purnima:
Buddha Purnima is celebrated in India by payíng a visit to traditional Viharas, where Buddhists observe a Buddhist sutra, which is similar to a service, longer than normal and full length. Buddhists, usually clad in white clothing, refrain from eating non-vegetarian food.
Mahavir Jayanti:
Lord Mahavira’s birthday, the Jain sect’s 24th Tirthankara, is largely spent in meditation rather than in any ostentatious show of jubilation. Peaceful processions are organized in places with a significant Jain population, such as Old Delhi and Gujarat, where children put up skits depicting various phases of the life of Mahavira.
6. List the major Sikh and Christian festivals, which are Tourist attractions.
Ans: Gurupurbs is the festival of Sikhs, and Christmas is the festival of the Christians.
Gurpurbs:
Gurpurbs are connected to the lives of Sikh gurus, an important part of the Sikh way of life. The Guru Granth Sahib is read in private homes and gurdwaras during these celebrations. In a single continuous ceremony lasting for 48 hours, this is finished. This Grantha Sahib recitation, called Akhan Road, must be completed without interruption. The relay of reciters who turn to say the Scripture, in fact, ensures that no break happens.
Christmas:
The church, club, and school choirs start going to communities nearly a week before Christmas and are accepted by individuals with cakes and other eatables. All over the world, Christmas carols are sung in different local languages. Silent Night, Holy night, everything is coming, everything is light, one popular Christmas carol that is sung with great love. Sacred- Mother and Infant, i.e., Christ Jesus and His Mother.
Needless to mention, the holidays are all religious festivals. People travel to their homes to celebrate with their families, thus generating many tourists’ activities in the region.
7. Explain the significance of National festivals which attract tourists to
various places.
Ans: To remember the occurrence of significant historical events of national significance, national festivals are celebrated. In the minds of Indians, such festivals inculcate a deep sense of patriotism. Three National Festivals are celebrated in India. National festival festivities showcase the country’s political and socio-cultural scenario, and these are alluring tourist attractions.
(i) Independence Day: (15th August 1947). Independence Day is celebrated with flag-raising ceremonies and cultural programs in the state capitals, district headquarters, cities, and villages, especially in almost every school, to commemorate the day India gained freedom (15 August). The address of the Prime Minister to Red Fort in Delhi is the key highlight. The Delhi skyline is dotted on this day with thousands of kites.
(ii) Republic Day: Commemorating the day that India became a Republic, on 26 January 1950, every year there is a colorful festival with soldiers marching in unison, accompanied by folk singers, school kids, and floats from different states. A moving ceremony with military bands performing at Vijay Chowk in Delhi is the beating retreat that marks the end of celebrations on 29 January.
(iii) Gandhi Jayanti: The anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Country. who was born on October 2, 1869.
8. Throw light on the Tourist attractions of five most popular fairs of India.
Ans: Five of India’s most famous fairs are the Pushkar Fair, Desert Festivals, Sonepur Fair, Ambubasi Fair and Baneshwar Fair.
(i) Pushkar Fair:
This is one of the largest camel fairs in the world, held in Pushkar, the oldest city of Rajasthan, during October-November. It attracts a large number of tourists, especially from Israel, from all over the world. The experiences enjoyed by the visitors are also essential competitions such ass the Matka phod and the longest mustache, and the Hot Air Balloon,
(ii) Desert Festivals:
Other popular festivals that attract tourists are the Desert Festivals of Jaisalmer and Nagaur. It is a three-day event marked by color, music, and festivities in Jaisalmer. Gair (Gair is a traditional folk dance of Rajasthan) and fire dancers can be observed by visitors dancing to traditional songs, camel polo, and camel dance.
(iv) The Sonepur Fair:
The only one of its kind globally is the Sonepur Fair. One of the main attractions of the fair, where elephants are lined up for sale, is Haathi Bazaar. All breeds of buffaloes, donkeys, ponies, and birds are available for sale, apart from this. It is India’s largest animal fair, which draws people from all over Asia.
Ambubasi Fair:
The Ambubasi Fair is a traditional three-day fair held at the Kamakhya temple in Guwahati, Assam, every year during the monsoon. The Devotees come here to take part in this fair from different parts of the world.
(v) Baneshwar Fair:
During the month of February, the Baneshwar fair is a very famous tribal fair held in the Dungarpur district in Rajasthan. This is a religious fair to worship Lord Shiva with simple and conventional rituals. A large number of tribals from neighbouring states are drawn to this fair. It is now becoming a very popular attraction for tourists.
9. Comment on Indian dances as tourist attractions.
Ans: The most famous choice for tourists has always happened to be dance and music. It is not shocking that dance festivals are held all over the country during the year. Everywhere, Indian dances are very popular. This may be because that they have popularized these events among Indians who have settled abroad. It is not surprising that dance festivals are attended by many visitors – Indians and foreigners. The Orissa Konark Dance Festival, the Madhya Pradesh Khajuraho Dance Festival, and the Chennai Dance and Music Festival are some of the very famous dance and music festivals. Classical and regional dances are an integral part of tourist attractions in India, such as Bharatanatyam (Tamil Nadu), Kathak (Rajasthan, Punjab, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh), Kathakali (Kerala), Kuchipudi (Andhra Pradesh), Manipuri (Manipur), Mohiniyattam (Kerala), Odissi (Odisha), Sattriya (Assam), Garba & Dandia (Gujarat) and Bhangra (Punjab), etc.
10. Highlight special features of any three Indian dances which are a great
source of attraction for the tourists.
Ans: Bharatanatyam, Kathak and Mohiniattam are three Indian dances that are a great source of attraction for the tourists.
(i) Bharatanatyam:
This classical style of dance emerged during the late 18th and early 19th centuries in the Tamil Nadu state of India. Bharatanatyam is a widely admired form of dance and to become a good Bharatanatyam dancer needs absolute and undivided commitment. It was known ín earlier days as ‘Daasiyattam’ because it was performed in the temples of Tamil Nadu by the Devadasis. Three basic concepts of Bhava, Raga, and Thaala were used to deríve the Bharatanatyam. The musíc used is based on Carnatic classical music during the performance. The prímary musical instruments used during dance performances include Mridangam, veena, flute, and violin.
(ii) Kathak:
In northern India, this classical dance style was initially performed as a temple rite but later became royal court entertainment under the influence of Mughal and Persia. The term Kathak evolved from the word Katha (storytelling). Basically, classical dance revolves around ancient storytelling, and the dancer relies predominantly on facial expressions and foot and hand movement. The soulful music accompanies traditional musical instruments with the dance performance.
(iii) Mohiniattam:
That type of dance belongs to Kerala. Mohiniattam means The Dance of Mohini (according to Indian mythology, Mohini was the incarnation of Lord Vishnu in the form of a beautiful girl with the intention to slay the demon Bhasmasur).
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