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NIOS Class 12 Tourism Chapter 10 Culture and Heritage in India – II Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism
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Culture and Heritage in India – II Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism
Chapter: 10
| TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER |
INTEX QUESTIONS 10.1
1. Name the ten Sikhs Gurus.
Ans: Guru Nanak Dev, Guru Angad, Guru Ramdas, Guru Arjun Dev, Guru Hargobind, Guru Har Rai, Guru Harkishan, Guru Tegh Bahadur, Guru Gobind Singh.
2. How is Guru Granth Sahib associated with Sikhism?
Ans: Guru Grantha Sahib is the holy book of the Sikhs.
3. What are Takhts?
Ans: Takhts are placed where various social and political settlements were done by the Gurus.
4. Describe the ‘5K’s that Sikh men are required to possess.
Ans: Kangha, Kesha, Kara, Kachcha, Kirpan.
5. Describe the concept of langar.
Ans: Langars are free kitchens.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.2
1. How did Islam come to India?
Ans: Islam came to India through traders from the Arab peninsula.
2. What are the five pillars of Islam?
Ans: (i) Five time prayers.
(ii) Zakat i.e giving alms to the poor.
(iii) Keeping fast in the month of Ramzan.
(iv) Pilgrimage to Mecca.
(v) Belief in one formless God i.e. Allah.
3. List major festivals of Muslims.
Ans: Eid-ul Fitr, Eid-ul Zuha, Moharram, Eid Milad un-nabi.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.3
1. How did Christianity come to India?
Ans: Through traders.
2. Name any two famous Churches in India.
Ans: (i) Basilica of Born Jesus in old Goa.
(ii) St. Thomas Mount at Chennai.
| Terminal Exercise |
1. Describe the teachings of Sikhism.
Ans: The teachings of Sikhism are:
(i) There is one God.
(ii) God is formless, Hari and Govind.
(iii) Caste system and idolatry should be rejected.
(iv) Superstitions should be condemns superstitions.
(v) The virtues of humility, charity, forgiveness and truthfulness should be inculcate.
2. Give a brief account of Sikh Heritages.
Ans: The Sikh heritages are as follows:
(i) Takhts: Takhts’ are said to be places where the Gurus made different social and political settlements.
(ii) Gurudwaras: There are also numerous Gurudwaras in India, apart from the Takhts, which are traditionally linked to the Sikh pilgrimage. These are thus significant from the point of view of pilgrimage. Lakhs of individuals visit the Gurudwaras to commemorate the Gurus, particularly the Sikhs.
(iii) Located in Paonta Sahib City in Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, Gurudwara Paonta Sahib is dedicated to Guru Gobind Singh Ji. In vast flocks, this revered location attracts devotees.
(iv) One of the most revered Sikh shrines, Gurudwara Rakab Ganj shrines, Gurudwara Rakab Ganj Sahib, stands in tribute to the ninth guru of the Sikhs, Guru Tegh Bahadur.
(v) Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib was established on a site in Old Delhi’s Chandni Chowk district. Here, on Wednesday 24 November 1675, the martyrdom of the ninth Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur took place on the orders of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
3. Discuss the main features of Islamic Culture.
Ans: Islam is the religion that is monotheistic. ‘Peace and Surrender’ is the literal sense of Islam. Islam as a religion was founded in Mecca in 570 CE by Hazrat Muhammad. Each day, Muslims pray five times, always facing towards Mecca. In the mosque, a muezzín or individual calls the people to pray. In prayer, an imam leads the people. Every indivídual who is financially sound must give alms (money) to the poor as prescribed in Islamic law. Adult Muslims must fast (go without food or drink) between sunrise and sunset during the holy month of Ramadan. Every Muslim is expected to make a Hajj or visit to the holy city, Mecca, once in his lifetime. Muslims are not intended to take drugs, eat pork, and gamble.
4. Describe the most popular Islamic Heritage sites available to Tourists in India.
Ans: The role of Sufis in India is a significant aspect of Indo-Islamic culture and heritage. In universal harmony and brotherhood, the Sufis believed. Their dwellings are referred to as dargahs and khanqahs. There were different kinds of travelers who used to stay in their khangahs. In the village of Mehrauli in Delhi, Dargah-Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki (Delhi) is located. It is crowded with devotees from various religions during the year. Some devotees tie a thread near the saint’s grave and untie it until their wish is fulfilled. Hazratbal (Kashmir) is the most significant religious monument for both religious and secular visitors who want to see the building’s stunning architecture. Its location on the bank of Srinagar’s Dal Lake enhances ts beauty. In Kashmir, it is the only bulbous, domed mosque. The tomb of Shaikh Nuruddin Rishi (14th century), located in Charar, 32 km from Srinagar, is Charar I Sharif (Cashmere). Rishi is a term in Sanskrit that means ascetic. The syncretism of Hindu Muslim culture indicates the suffixation of Rishi after Nuruddin. Nuruddin Rishi, a Shaivite saint, along with Lalla or Lal Ded, were free from the bonds of narrow Hindu-Muslim beliefs and customs and believed in planting trees.
5. Discuss the main features of the Christian Culture and Traditions in India.
Ans: Christianity is one of great world religions. It is founded on Jesus Christ’s teachings. Jesus settled ín the territory of Palestine (now part of Jordan and Israel nearly 2,000 years ago, on the eastern shores of the Medíterranean Sea. He lived a life of poverty and modesty. Jesus taught that men should love God and one another by riding on foot and preaching to the people. A lot of people started to believe his teachings, but he was misunderstood by others. A church is considered a christian place of worship. Sometimes they are formed in the form of a cross with the altar facing east toward the rising sun. A Christian spiritual leaders are called priests or ministers. Christians think that priests have a special Bond with Heaven. The Christian holy book is the Bible.
6. Describe any five most popular and significant Christian Heritage sites in India.
Ans: The five most popular and significant Christian Heritage sites in India are:
(i) Mount St. Thomas: Mount St. Thomas, about five miles southwest of Chennai, is where St. Thomas was buried. The mountain is named after his name. It is a lone hill where Thomas is thought to have been killed, rising 100 meters above the surrounding plain. It is a very important religious tourist site for Christians.
(ii) The Basilica of Bom Jesus: Old Goa, the Basilica of Bom Jesus, is a very important and popular place for tourists visiting Goa from India and abroad. Constructed in 1605, it has now been declared a World Heritage Monument. The church houses the holy relics of St. Francis Xavier, Goa’s patron saint, who died on December 2, 1552, while on a sea voyage to China.
(iii) St. Cathedral: Another important and popular place for religious as well as secular tourists is St Cathedral, Goa. Believers are shocked to learn of the miraculous cross found in the
cathedral. On this Cross and the rock upon which it was found, people had a vision of Christ.
(iv) Thomas Church: The first Catholic Indian church located in Kodungaloor, Kerala, is Thomas Church. This is one of the seven famous churches that St. Thomas founded and the most famous church in South India.
(v) St John’s Church: The oldest cathedral church in North India is St. John’s Church. It is five km away from Mc Leod Ganj’s iconic ‘peace of mind place. About 1852, it was built. This Church has an absolute purity associated with it. It is absolutely surrounded by Deodar trees and is situated in a natural setting.
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