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NIOS Class 10 Folk Art Chapter 6 Importance and Relevance Of Folk and Tribal Art
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Importance and Relevance Of Folk and Tribal Art
Chapter: 6
INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.1
Tick the Appropriate Option:
1. What type of art is Soura?
(i) Tribal art.
(ii) Modern art.
(iii) Abstract art.
(iv) None of these.
Ans: (i) Tribal art.
2. Which state Soura people belong to?
(i) West Bengal.
(ii) Madhya Pradesh.
(iii) Odisha.
(iv) Andhra Pradsh.
Ans: (iii) Odisha.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.2
| Multiple Choice Questions |
1. What are the couple singers known as?
(i) Bhopa and Bhopi.
(ii) Dev and Devi.
(iii) Man and woman.
(iv) Actor and Actress.
Ans: (i) Bhopa and Bhopi.
2. Which classic literature is associated with Phad paintings?
(i) Bapuji ki Phad.
(ii) Phad painting.
(iii) Pabuji ki Phad.
(iv) Bhagwanji ka Phad.
Ans: (iii) Pabuji Ki Phad.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.3
1. What type of art is this?
Ans: Tribal art.
2. Which state is it associated with?
Ans: Maharashtra.
3. What is it locally called in Maharashtra?
Ans: Tree of prosperity.
4. Who are the prominent painters of this painting?
Ans: Two or three Savasini (a woman whose husband is alive) women.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.4
1. What type of art is Kantha?
Ans: Folk art.
2. Which state does it associate with?
Ans: West Bengal.
3. What does the word ‘Kantha’ mean?
Ans: Stitch work embroidery.
4. What are the materials generally used in ‘Kantha’?
Ans: Cotton cloth.
| TERMINAL EXERCISE |
1. What categories can folk, and tribal art be divided into and give one example of each category?
Ans: Folk and tribal art can be divided into various categories based on geographical regions, cultural influences, and artistic techniques.
Here are some common categories along with examples:
(i) Traditional Crafts: These are artworks created using traditional methods and materials passed down through generations within a community.
Example: Warli Painting from India, characterised by simple geometric patterns depicting daily life and nature, traditionally painted by the Warli tribe.
(ii) Textile Art: Artworks created using textiles and fibres, often showcasing intricate patterns and designs.
Example: Kente Cloth from Ghana, woven by the Ashanti and Ewe peoples, featuring vibrant colours and symbolic motifs representing cultural values and traditions.
(iii) Ceramics: Pottery and ceramic objects crafted by hand, often featuring unique designs and decorative elements.
Example: Acoma Pottery from the Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico, known for its fine hand-coiled clay vessels decorated with intricate geometric patterns and natural pigments.
(iv) Wood Carving: Artworks carved from wood, showcasing intricate detailing and cultural motifs.
Example: Inuit Soapstone Carvings from Canada, depicting animals, spirits, and scenes from daily life, crafted by the Inuit people using traditional techniques.
2. What is Soura art? What is the importance of Soura art?
Ans: Saura painting is a style of wall mural paintings associated with the Saura tribes of the state of Odisha in India. Soura art refers to a distinctive form of tribal art practised by the Soura or Sora tribe, primarily found in the state of Odisha in eastern India. The Soura people, also known as Sora or Savara, are an indigenous tribal community with a rich cultural heritage.
The Saura wall paintings are called Italons or Ikons (or Ekons) and are dedicated to Idital (also Edital) the main deity of the Sauras. These paintings draw upon tribal folklore and have ritualistic importance. Ikons make extensive use of symbolically pregnant icons that mirror the quotidian chores of the Sauras.
3. What is Phad painting? How is it used as a medium of communication?
Ans: The Phad painters produce their paintings for the wandering storytellers, who provide nightly entertainment for village audiences. The classic compositions illustrate stories from famous epics such as ‘Devnarayan Ki Phad’ and ‘Pabuji Ki
Phad.’ The painted themes are built around local legends, especially heroic tales of ‘Pabuji’ and ‘Devnarayan’(Deviji), the local deities. Other stories from ‘Ramayana’ and the life of Lord Krishna are also painted on Phad to provide entertainment. The image of Ganesha is also very popular The Phad may be painted horizontally. Each panel is separated from the other by an imaginative geometrical design. In the present times, many small panels are also painted in the same style, enclosing one or two figures and their tales. The depiction of animals like elephants and horses and supplementary figures such as snakes, birds, trees and flowers are also incorporated. The colour range is very limited and contains only a few basic shades like red, white, black, orange etc. This artwork shows Ganesha in the centre being flanked by two attendants. The colours used are warm and decorative.
The folk and tribal art is a medium of communication and entertainment. In the absence of cinema, radio and television, the only source of entertainment in the life of the people was ‘Addas’ (chatting in a gathering) and describing the ‘Puranas’ and ‘Lok Kathas.’ So it can be said that one of the oldest versions of cinema is the scroll or Phad painting. The Phad or long picture scrolls are produced by Phad painters, one of which is described in detail by ‘Joshis’. The singers are always a couple known as `Bhopa’(male priest) and ‘Bhopi’(female priest). The man plays on one-stringed instrument while the woman joins him in singing. An important feature is the ritual oil lamp held by `Bhopa’ or ‘Bhopi’ during narration.
4. What is Warli painting? How is it used as a symbol of peace and prosperity in Maharastra’s Warli tribal community?
Ans: Warli paintings are traditionally created by the tribal women of the Warli community using natural materials such as rice paste and bamboo sticks. These paintings are typically done on the walls of mud huts, serving as a form of decoration and expression of the community’s cultural identity.
One of the significant aspects of Warli painting is its association with peace and prosperity within the Warli tribal community. The motifs and symbols used in Warli art often reflect the community’s close connection with nature and their harmonious coexistence with the environment. The depiction of natural elements such as trees, animals, and birds symbolises the community’s dependence on and reverence for the natural world.
5. How Kantha has become a cottage industry in Bengal ?
Ans: ‘Kantha’ embroidery work on cotton cloth is a part of Indian folk tradition. Kanthas were made exclusively by ‘Bengali’ women in their homes, decorated in polychrome with textile materials in the form of threads. Now artists use a new piece of cloth instead of rags. The art of ‘Kantha’ illustrates the village women’s wonderful patience, craftsmanship and resourcefulness. In their creations, we find a combination of a keen power of observation and a profound feeling of sympathy with the movements of nature’s joyous, teeming life (a combination of an intense sense of beauty) and a scrupulous avoidance of luxuriance, sophistication and over-refinement.
Kantha embroidery has indeed transformed into a thriving cottage industry in Bengal, particularly in the regions of West Bengal and Bangladesh. Kantha, a traditional form of embroidery, originated as a way for women in rural Bengal to repurpose old garments by stitching them together with simple running stitches.
