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NIOS Class 10 Folk Art Chapter 5 Symbols and Motifs of Folk Arts
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Symbols and Motifs of Folk Arts
Chapter: 5
INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.1
1. What is the name of folk art of Andhra Pradesh?
Ans: Pilli Adugu.
2. What is the meaning of Pilli Odgu?
Ans: Footprint of cats.
3. What is the name of the artist of the painting Pilli Adugu?
Ans: M. Munireddy.
4. Which colours are used to paint the bird in this painting?
Ans: Yellow, red and green.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.2
1. Which bird symbolises Patpatia Sua?
Ans: Parrot.
2. Which state is related to the Madhubani painting?
Ans: Bihar.
3. Which good wishes are symbolising in this motif?
Ans: Newlywed couple and their happiness.
4. How the Madhubani paintings are done?
Ans: Black, red ink.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.3
Tick the Appropriate Answer:
1. Which state has Dhari or Dhadi in folk art style?
(i) Bihar.
(ii) Odisha.
(iii) Rajasthan.
(iv) Karnataka.
Ans: (ii) Odisha.
2. Who is the painter of this Dhadi?
(i) Jagannath Mishra.
(ii) Dalal Singh.
(iii) Jagannath Mahapatra.
(iv) Mansha Devi.
Ans: (iii) Jagannath Mahapatra.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.4
Fill in the gaps.
1. In ……………….. folk art the Sun is drawn as a circle.
Ans: Traditional.
2. ……………….. is drawn in a very simple way in folk art.
Ans: Sun.
3. Sun is a symbol of ………………..
Ans: Natural.
4. The painter of the text is ………………..
Ans: Mahasundari Devi.
5. The Sun is also symbol of ……………….. in the folk art.
Ans: Eternal.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.5
Match the Right Answer:
| Folk symbol | 8′ × 8′ |
| Artist | Colour on canvas |
| Medium | Unknown |
| Size | Lotus |
| Form | Four petal |
Ans:
| Folk symbol | Lotus |
| Artist | Unknown |
| Medium | Canvas and colour |
| Size | 8′ × 8′ |
| Form | Four petal |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.6
Fill in the blanks:
1. Swastik is completely ………………. and sign of Indian culture.
Ans: Auspicious.
2. ………………. is found even in the prehistoric age in parts of India.
Ans: Swastik.
3. Swastik motifs are mostly found at ………………. and……………
Ans: Mandana, wall painting.
4. Swastika is a symbol ……………….
Ans: Auspicious.
5. Womenfolk never forget to use it in their ………………. or
in ……………….
Ans: Brata fast, auspicious.
| TERMINAL EXERCISE |
1. Mention three major symbols in Indian art and culture.
Ans: Three major symbols in Indian art and culture are:
(i) Lotus: The lotus motifs in different forms with four petals, six petals, eight petals, sixteen petals are available in folk art and rock paintings. Every part of the lotus is symbolic. The stem of the lotus is called the stem of Brahma (Brahmanal). The floating leaf of the lotus is composed of petals which are symbols of creation and evolution. The centre of the flower symbolises the cosmos (Brahmand). In the oral narration and literature the lotus is presented as an allegory. Lotus is painted in a very simple manner in folk art. It is, therefore, a very popular symbol.
(ii) Om (Aum): Om is a sacred sound and spiritual symbol in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It is considered the primordial sound of the universe, representing the essence of creation and the ultimate reality. In Indian art and culture, the symbol Om is often depicted visually as a combination of three curves, a dot, and a semicircle, representing the three states of consciousness (waking, dreaming, and deep sleep), as well as the divine trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
(iii) Swastika: The swastika is an ancient symbol with origins in the Indian subcontinent. It is considered a sacred symbol in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, representing auspiciousness, good fortune, and prosperity. The swastika is typically depicted as a cross with arms bent at right angles, rotating either clockwise or counterclockwise. In Indian art and culture, the swastika is commonly found in religious iconography, architectural ornamentation, and decorative motifs, symbolising the eternal cycle of life, the sun, and the cosmic order. Swastika is an exclusively Indian cultural symbol which is auspicious. Religion, philosophy, art, history, literature, culture and everything are included in it. It is probably a unique symbol in the whole world that is deeply rooted, universal, precise, simple, beautiful and attractive.
2. Explain the symbolism of colours in the traditional painting of India.
Ans: The symbolism of colours in the traditional painting of India are:
(i) Red: Red symbolises fertility, sensuality, and power. It is often associated with passion, love, and marriage. In Hinduism, red is also symbolic of auspiciousness and is used in religious ceremonies and festivals.
(ii) Saffron: Saffron, a shade of orange, holds great significance in Hinduism and represents renunciation, sacrifice, and spirituality. It is associated with fire and the sun, symbolising energy, vitality, and the divine presence.
(iii) Yellow: Yellow represents knowledge, learning, and intellect. It symbolises happiness, optimism, and prosperity. In Indian culture, yellow is also associated with spirituality and divinity, often worn by monks and ascetics.
(iv) Blue: Blue is associated with divinity, particularly with Lord Krishna, who is often depicted with blue skin. It symbolises tranquillity, infinity, and the divine. Blue is also linked to the cosmic ocean and the sky, representing vastness and infinity.
(v) Green: Green symbolises nature, fertility, and growth. It represents harmony, balance, and renewal. In Hinduism, green is associated with Lord Vishnu and is considered auspicious. It also signifies peace and prosperity.
(vi) White: White represents purity, spirituality, and peace. It symbolises light, truth, and enlightenment. White is often used in paintings of gods and goddesses to depict their divine nature and transcendence.
3. Write the meaning of geometrical symbols in folk art and their presence.
Ans: Basic geometrical figures as the point, straight line, circle, triangle and square, have a symbolic value in representing the basic energies of the universe.
Dot: The most comprehensive and minimal symbolic expression, the dot is the point of origin and end, all beginnings and all dissolutions. It symbolises the origin, the source of creation, and the point of beginning. In many belief systems, it is associated with the concept of the primordial state or the divine. The dot is also sometimes interpreted as representing the soul or the innermost essence of an individual, encapsulating their true nature beyond physical form.
4. Explain the importance of symbols and motifs in Indian painting.
Ans: The importance of symbols and motifs in Indian painting are:
(i) Geometrical symbols: Dots, Zero, Lines, Triangle.
(ii) Mythological symbols: Swastik, Trident, Disc, Om, Pots (Kalash).
(iii) Natural symbols: Nature, Sun, Moon, Stars, Earth, Sky, Water, Air, Fire etc.
(iv) Vegetational symbols: Tree, Plants, Seeds, Lotus, Leaf, Fruit etc.
(v) Organic symbols: Animals, Birds, Creatures, Parrot, Peacock, Kamdhenu, Serpents etc.
(vi) Celestial symbols: Deities, Gods, Goddesses etc.
5. What is the relevance of folk symbols in paintings?
Ans: Folk symbols have significant relevance in paintings are giving below:
(i) Cultural Representation: Folk symbols often embody the essence of a particular culture, reflecting its traditions, beliefs, values, and identity. In paintings, these symbols serve as visual representations of cultural heritage, allowing artists to convey the richness and diversity of their cultural background.
(ii) Communication and Storytelling: Folk symbols carry inherent meanings and narratives that can be communicated through paintings. Artists use these symbols to tell stories, convey messages, or depict historical events relevant to the culture they represent. They serve as a visual language that can be understood by members of the community and audiences beyond.
(iii) Spiritual and Ritualistic Significance: Many folk symbols have deep spiritual or ritualistic significance within their cultural context. They may represent deities, religious ceremonies, sacred rituals, or spiritual beliefs. In paintings, these symbols evoke a sense of reverence and sacredness, inviting viewers to contemplate the spiritual aspects of life.
