NCERT Class 10 Health and Physical Education Important Chapter 4 Individual Games and Sports – I

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NCERT Class 10 Health and Physical Education Important Chapter 4 Individual Games and Sports – I

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Individual Games and Sports – I

Chapter: 4

IMPORTANT QUESTION ANSWER

Short Questions and Answers

1. What are the two main categories of track and field events?

Ans: Track and field events are categorized into running events, which take place on a track, and field events, which consist of throwing and jumping.

2. What are the combined events for men and women called, and how many events are in each?

Ans: The combined event for men is called the Decathlon, which consists of 10 events, while the women’s combined event is the Heptathlon, which includes 7 events.

3. When, where, and by whom were the Modern Olympic Games started?

Ans: The Modern Olympic Games started in Greece in the year 1896, and they were initiated by Pierre-de-Coubertin.

4. What type of start is used for sprint races?

Ans: Sprinters use a crouching position on starting blocks to begin the race, following the starter’s commands of “on your marks” and “set”.

5. What is the length of the baton exchange zone in a relay race?

Ans: In relay races, the exchange of the baton must take place within a specific baton exchange zone that is 20 meters long.

6. What is the width of the take-off board used in the long jump and triple jump?

Ans: The take-off must be made from a 20 cm wide board that is placed one meter away from the sandpit.

7. Which jumping event is also known as the “hop-step and jump”?

Ans: The triple jump is also referred to as the “hop-step and jump”.

8. What is the modern jumping technique commonly used in the high jump?

Ans: The modern technique used by athletes to clear the bar in the high jump is known as the “Fosbury Flop”.

9. What is the weight of the metal ball in the shot put event for men and women?

Ans: The metal ball weighs 7.26 kg for male athletes and 4 kg for female athletes.

10. What is the diameter of the throwing circle in the discus throw?

Ans: Athletes must throw the disc from inside a throwing circle that has a diameter of 2.5 meters.

11. What is the official weight of the javelin for men and women?

Ans: The weight of the javelin is 800 grams for men and 600 grams for women.

12. When is a track event considered finished?

Ans: A competitor finishes the race when any part of their torso reaches the vertical plane of the nearer edge of the finish line.

13. Which events are considered middle-distance races?

Ans: Middle-distance races include the 800 meters and 1500 meters events.

14. What happens if a runner makes a false start?

Ans: Any sprinter who makes a false start is considered disqualified from the race.

15. What material is the pole made of in the pole vault event?

Ans: In the pole vault, athletes use a pole specifically made of fiberglass or carbon fiber.

Long Questions and Answers

1. Explain the general rules for track events covering the starting, running, and finishing phases.

Ans: The rules for track events formulated by the IAAF are divided into three main phases. For starting, races up to 400m use starting blocks and a crouch start with the commands “on your marks” and “set”. Other races use a standing start, and any false start results in disqualification. For running, athletes in lane races must stay within their allocated lanes from start to finish. Voluntarily leaving the track, stepping on the lane lines, or intentionally obstructing another runner leads to disqualification. For finishing, the race ends when any part of an athlete’s torso reaches the vertical plane of the finish line, which is marked by a 5 cm wide white line.

2. Describe the four major throwing events and their basic rules.

Ans: The four major throwing events are Shot Put, Discus, Javelin, and Hammer Throw. In Shot Put, an athlete must push a heavy metal ball (7.26 kg for men, 4 kg for women) from the shoulder using one arm while remaining inside a 2.135 m diameter circle. In Discus, athletes throw a heavy wooden and metal disc from within a 2.5 m circle and must not step out of the circle until the disc lands, ensuring they exit from the rear half. In Javelin, athletes run down a runway and throw a spear-like implement overhand without crossing the throwing line or turning their back to the target. Finally, in Hammer Throw, athletes spin to gain momentum and throw a heavy ball attached to a 4-foot wire handle from within a circle.

3. What are relay races, and what are the specific rules teams must follow?

Ans: Relay races are the only track events where a team of runners directly competes against other teams. The most common relays are the 4×100 meter and the 4×400 meter. The most critical rule is that the baton exchange must occur within a specific 20-meter baton exchange zone; failure to do so results in the team’s disqualification. In the 4×100 meter event, runners must stay strictly in their designated lanes for the entire race. However, in the 4×400 meter relay, runners can leave their lanes and merge toward the inner track only after the second runner passes the first bend of the track.

4. Differentiate between horizontal and vertical jumps and outline their core rules.

Ans: Horizontal jumps include the long jump and triple jump, where the goal is to cover the maximum distance. Athletes must initiate their jump from behind a specific line or 20 cm wide take-off board. If their foot crosses the board before taking off, it is a foul, and all landings must safely occur in a sand-filled pit. Vertical jumps include the high jump and pole vault, where the objective is to clear a crossbar set at increasing heights to determine the winner. Athletes are allowed a maximum of three attempts per height, and failing three consecutive jumps eliminates them from the competition. Unlike horizontal jumps, athletes can choose to “pass” a height to save energy.

5. Trace the history and evolution of track and field events.

Ans: Track and field events are among the oldest sporting competitions, as running, jumping, and throwing have been universal human activities since human existence began. The first recorded organized events took place at the Ancient Olympic Games in 776 BC. The modern era of track and field began in 1896 with the start of the Modern Olympic Games in Greece, initiated by Pierre-de-Coubertin. Initially, only males participated, but five women’s events were introduced during the 1928 Summer Olympics. Men and women finally achieved equal status in these events in the second half of the twentieth century. Additionally, major events for disabled athletes were introduced at the 1960 Para Olympics, and the sport became fully professional starting in the 1990s.