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Class 12 Logic And Philosophy Chapter – 1 Nature of Inductive Enquiry Various Kinds of Induction
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Nature of Inductive Enquiry Various Kinds of Induction
Unit-1
A) Very short types answer – 1 Marks each.
1) How many kinds of induction are there ? What are they ?
Ans:- There are two kinds of induction viz.
i) Induction proper.
ii) Induction improperly so – called.
2) What is the essence of Induction ?
Ans:- “Inductive leap or hazard” is the very essence of induction.
3) Induction proper is of ………………………….. kinds.
Ans:- Three.
4) The conclusion of scientific induction is ………………………….
Ans:- Certain.
5) The Conclusion of unscientific induction is …………………………..
Ans:- Probable.
6) ‘All planets shine by the As Sun’s light’ is an example of ……………………….
Ans:- Unscientific Induction.
7) Unscientific induction depends on what ?
Ans:- Uncontradicted experience.
8) ‘Induction supplies the universal premises of deduction’ …………………………..
Ans:- Yes, it is true.
9) Is the conclusion of analogical argument certain ?
Ans:- No, the conclusion of analogical argument is probable.
10) Is Induction concerned with formal truth only ?
Ans:- No, induction is concerned with both formal and material truth.
11) What is the ground of Analogy ?
Ans:- Resemblance is the ground of Analogy.
12) Give an example of good Analogy.
Ans:- Mars resembles the earth in certain respects viz. in being a planet, possessing similar atmosphere, land, seas, revolving round the sun etc.
The earth possesses the further property of being inhabited.
Mars possesses the property of being inhabited.
13) What kind of proposition does Scientific Induction establish ?
Ans:- Scientific Induction establishes general real proposition.
14) “Induction leap is a passage from particular to general” – Is it true of false ?
Ans:- Yes, it is true.
15) What are the factors on which the value of Analogy depend ?
Ans:- The factors on which the value of Analogy depends are :-
i) The extent of known resemblance,
ii) The extent of known difference,
iii) The extent of unexplored region of unknown properties.
16) “The conclusion of an analogical argument is probable” – Is it true ?
Ans:- Yes it is true.
17) Which of the following statement is correct ?
i) Induction is concerned only with material truth.
ii) Induction is concerned with both formal and material truth.
Ans:- The statement which states that “Induction is concerned with both formal and material truth,” is correct.
18) Scientific Induction establishes a Analytic or verbal proposition/Synthetic or real proposition.
Ans:- Scientific Induction establish a synthetic or real proposition.
19) “All inferences are analogical” – Name the logician associated with the statement.
Ans:- J. S. Mill.
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