Class 11 History Important Chapter 4 Nomadic Empire

Class 11 History Important Chapter 4 Nomadic Empire Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 11 History Important Solutions and select need one. AHSEC Class 11 Elective History Additional Notes English Medium Download PDF. HS 1st Year History Important Solutions in English.

Class 11 History Important Chapter 4 Nomadic Empire

Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. ASSEB Class 11 Elective History Additional Question Answer are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given HS 1st Year Elective History Important Notes in English for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Nomadic Empire

Chapter: 4

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Short Question and Answer:

1. When was Prophet Muhammad born?

Ans: Prophet Muhammad was born in 570 CE in the city of Mecca in the Arabian Peninsula.

2. What is Hijrat and when did it occur?

Ans: Hijrat refers to Prophet Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina. This event took place in 622 CE.

3. What is meant by ‘Umma’?

Ans: ‘Umma’ refers to a religious community-state founded by Prophet Muhammad in Medina, where people of different religions had rights.

4. Who were the Rashidun Caliphs?

Ans: The Rashidun were the first four caliphs who ruled after Prophet Muhammad’s death and expanded Islam.

5. Where was the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate?

Ans: The capital of the Umayyad Caliphate was Damascus.

6. What was Baghdad’s ‘Bayt al-Hikmah’?

Ans: Bayt al-Hikmah or the House of Wisdom was a research center where Greek, Indian, and Chinese knowledge was translated and studied.

7. On what was Sharia law based?

Ans: Sharia law was based on the Quran, Hadith, and Ijma and was prepared by Islamic scholars (Ulema).

8. What was the main belief of Sufism?

Ans: Sufism emphasized personal connection with God, love, and spiritual practice.

9. Why was the ‘Cheque’ (Sakk) important?

Ans: The use of ‘cheque’ or ‘sakk’ made international trade easy and secure in the Islamic empire.

10. From when did the power of the Islamic Caliphate start declining?

Ans: The power of the Islamic Caliphate began to decline from the late 12th century, particularly due to the Crusades.

Long Questions and Answer:

1. Write about the Mongols after Genghis Khan.

Ans: The Mongol expansion after Genghis Khan can be divided into two phases:
From 1236 to 1242, the Mongols expanded into the Rus-steppe region, Bulgar, Kiev, Poland, and Hungary. In the second phase, from 1255 to 1300, they conquered all of China (1279), Iran, Iraq, and Syria. After these victories, the Mongol frontiers experienced a period of stability.

After 1203, the Mongol forces suffered some defeats. Following the 1260s, their military success in the West declined. Though they maintained control over regions like Vienna and Egypt for a time, their retreat from the Hungarian steppe and defeat in Egypt created new political situations.

There were two main reasons for this shift: First, a succession conflict between the Jochi and Ogodei lineages, which diverted attention away from European campaigns.

Second, under the Toluid branch, Mongke came to power and removed the Jochi-Ogodei factions. While Mongke led campaigns in Iran, the Toluid lineage focused more on the conquest of China. As a result, only small forces were sent to Egypt, which were defeated.

Although westward expansion was obstructed, campaigns toward China did not stop. Under Mongol leadership, their empire was reunited. This phase resembled a pendulum, where internal dissension alternated with periods of impressive royal accomplishments. In the following sections, it is discussed how and why the Mongols achieved such political success and what factors hindered their progress.

2.. Describe the place of Genghis Khan and the Mongols in world history.

Ans: Genghis Khan is often viewed as both a world conqueror and a destroyer. While people in China, Iran, and Europe feared and hated the Mongols, they were admired by their own people as the greatest leader. Genghis Khan unified the Mongol tribes and created a vast empire, reviving trade routes.

Mongol rule organized people of various ethnicities and religions and offered religious freedom. All groups were given roles in administration and the military. This multicultural governance was unique and served as a model for later empires, including the Mughals.

Documents related to Mongol and other nomadic empires suggest how empires could be built by uniting diverse peoples. Although conditions changed later, the founding inspiration remained powerful.

In the late 14th century, Timur, another ruler who dreamed of world conquest, hesitated to call himself emperor because he lacked Genghis Khan’s royal lineage. He only claimed power as a son-in-law of Genghis Khan’s family.