NIOS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Fundamental Rights

NIOS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Fundamental Rights, Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters NIOS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Fundamental Rights and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Fundamental Rights Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Political Science Notes Paper 317.

NIOS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Fundamental Rights

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Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Fundamental Rights, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Political Science Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Fundamental Rights

Chapter: 6

POLITICAL SCIENCE

TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS

INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.1

Q. Fill in the blanks selecting appropriate words/figures given in the brackets:

1. Right to Property was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights by …………. Amendment Act of the Constitution. (42^nd / 43^rd / 44^th).

Ans. 44^th.

2. The Rights as given in Part III of the Constitution and are termed as …………. Rights. (Legal / Economic / Fundamental).

Ans. Fundamental.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.2

Q. Fill in the blanks:

1. Right to Equality aims at an end to ………….. discrimination. (moral / social / political) 

Ans. Social.

2. The Right to Equality has ……….. kinds of equalities.  (3 / 4 / 5) 

Ans. 5.

3. Right to ………… provides for the abolition of untouchability. (equality, freedom, religion) 

Ans. Equality.

4. State can make ………… provisions for women and children against exploitation. (general / special / ordinary) 

Ans. Special.

5. Right to Equality aims at establishing ………… equality. (social / moral / political) 

Ans. Social.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.3

Each question has four options. Select the correct option by putting a tick (✔) against one of the options:

Q. 1. The number of freedoms guaranteed under the Right to Freedom is:

(a) 5.

(b) 6.

(c) 7.

(d) 8.

Ans. (b) 6.

Q. 2. Any person arrested by the police shall have to be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of:

(a) 12 hours. 

(b) 24 hours.

(c) 36 hours.

(d) 48 hours.

Ans. (b) 24 hours.

Q. 3. A person arrested under Preventive Detention can be kept in Jail without trial for a maximum period of:

(a) Three months.

(b) Six months.

(c) Twelve months.

(d) Eighteen months. 

Ans.(a) Three months.

Q. 4. Right to education has been made  a Fundamental Right by ………… Amendment Act of the Constitution. (84^th / 186^th / 88^th).

Ans. 86^th.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.4

Q. Fill in the blanks selecting appropriate words/figures given in the brackets:

1. Employment of children in factories below the age of. is prohibited by law. (14 / 16 /18). 

Ans.14.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.5

Q. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words / figures given in brackets:

1. Religion is the concern of the ………..  in a secular state. (Individual / Society / State)

Ans. Individual.

2. No ………. education can be imparted in any educational institution wholly maintained out of state funds. (moral/religious / none of the two) 

Ans. Religious.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.6

Q. Fill in the blanks by selecting appropriate words / figures given in the brackets:

1. Religious or linguistic …….. can establish their own educational institutions. (minorities / majority)

Ans. Minorities.

2. In India writs are issued by …………..Courts.  (lower / subordinate / high) 

Ans. High Court.

3. The direction of the court to the detaining authority to produce the person before it is the writ of …….…………. (Mandamus / prohibition/habeas corpus) 

Ans. Habeas corpus.

4. The writ to restrain a person from acting in a public office to which he /she is not entitled is known as …………. (quo-warranto / Certiorari / Mandamus). 

Ans. Quo-warranto.

5. An order to a lower court to transfer the case to another court for its proper consideration is called the writ of ………… (Habeas Corpus / Prohibition / Certiorari) 

Ans. Certiorari.

TERMINAL EXERCISES

Q. 1. Explain the importance of Fundamental Rights as provided in the constitution.

Ans. The Constitution is regarded as the fundamental law of the land. The rights which are incorporated in the Chapter III of the Constitution of India are, therefore, called Fundamental Rights.

The importance of Fundamental Rights given in our constitution is as follows:

Fundamental rights are fundamental because without these rights the all round of the personality of an individual not possible. These rights enable a citizen to lead a free and happy life. The Fundamental Rights generate a feeling of security amongst the minorities in the country. These rights ensure effective enjoyment of certain privileges. These privileges are essential in a free democratic society. No democracy can function in the absence of these basic rights.

Q. 2. Mention any three aspects of Right to Equality.

Or

Explain the Right to Equality given in our Constitution.

Ans. The Right to Equality means that all citizens enjoy equal privileges and opportunities. It protects the citizens against any discrimination by the state on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. The state shall not deny to any person equality before law or equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. Everyone has the equal opportunity to get the government job. The untouchability has been abolished. All other types of titles also have l abolished. In the end we can conclude that the three aspects of right to equality are:

1. Equality before the law. 

2. Prohibition of discrimination. 

3. Equality of opportunity.

Q. 3. Describe six Fundamental Freedoms granted under the Right to Freedom.

Or

Explain briefly Right to Freedom.

Ans. The six freedoms guaranteed under Article 19 of the Constitution are:

1. Freedom of Speech and Expression: It implies the freedom of press. Every citizen has the right to express his ideas freely. This can be done in two ways, i.e. by speaking and by writing. Therefore, the freedom of speech and expression has been guaranteed.

There are the following limitations:

1. Security of the state, 2. Friendly relations to the foreign countries, 3. Morality and decency and 4. Contempt of court.

2. Right to assemble: The citizens have the right to assemble to express their ideas and to understand the views of others. But they can assemble only peacefully and without arms.

3. Right to form Associations: The citizens have the right to form associations for safeguarding their rights or for recreation.

4. Freedom of movement: Every citizen has the freedom to move freely throughout the territoty of India. This right is also subject to reasonable restrictions that may be imposed by the state in the interest of the security of the state or public good or for the protection of scheduled tribes.

5. Freedom to reside anywhere: Every citizen has a right to reside in any part of India. But like other freedom, restrictions may be put on this freedom also under certain special circumstances.

6. Freedom of Profession: Every citizen has the freedom to choose his profession. He has also the right to change his profession according to his will and circumstances. Government can impose any restriction on this right also for the sake of public order. It has the authority to make certain qualifications necessary for any profession.

Q. 4. Explain the Right against Exploitation.

Ans. In the British period forced labour or ‘begar’ was prevalent and the people of India were exploited by the British as well as by the Zamindars. But in our Constitution the right against exploitation was enshrined. Exploitation was prohibited, the Constitution of India prohibits all forms of forced labour, begar (unpaid labour) and traffic in human beings. The violation of this provision is an offence punishable under law. But in the public interest the state may impose compulsory service. For instance, the state may pass a law by which it may complete every University graduate to do some social service in the villages prior to the award of the University degree. The Constitution also provides safeguards for children. It prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factories, mine or other hazardous occupation. Sale and purchase of human beings is also prohibited.

Q. 5. How does the Right to Freedom of Religion help in establishing a secular polity in India? Explain.

Ans. India is a multi-religious state. The constitution guarantees the Right to Freedom of Religion to all citizens. It declares that all people are free to profess, practise and propagate any religion. Every religious group has the right to manage its own affairs in matters of religion. Subject to public order and morality, every religious group can establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes.

Each religious group is also free to purchase and manage immovable property and administer such property in accordance with law.

No person can be compelled to pay any taxes which are specifically to be spent for promotion or maintenance of any particular religion.

No religious institutions can be imparted in any educational institution which is wholly maintained out of the state funds. However, institutions which do not receive any financial aid from the state may make religious education compulsory.

Q. 6. What is writ? Who has the power to issue this writ?

Ans. The Constitution of India has guaranteed six Fundamental Rights to its citizens. One of those rights is the Right to Constitutional Remedies. According to this right, which has been given in the Articles 32 and 226, all the rights are to be protected through the various units which the High Courts and the Supreme Court can issue from time to time. These writs are issued for the purpose to ensure people’s Right to Constitutional Remedies. The Writ of Habeas Corpus is the protector of individual liberty. The court directs the detaining authority to produce the person physically before it and justify the confinement or release of the person.

The Mandamus means the court orders the executive authority to perform its duty in case it is not doing so. Prohibition is an order issued by any High Court or the Supreme Court asking a lower court not to proceed with a case (where it does not have any jurisdiction.

Quo Warranto is a writ which is issued to restrain a person from acting in a public office (to which he/she is not entitled.

The Certiorari is the writ which issues an order to a lower court to transfer the matter to it or (to another court for deciding the matter.

Q. 7. Explain the statement that Fundamental Rights are Justiciable.

Ans. Fundamental Rights are Justiciable:

1. Justiciable means that if these rights are violated by the government or anyone else, the individual has the right to approach the Supreme Court or High Courts for the protection of his / her Fundamental Rights.

2. Our Constitution does not permit the legislature and the executive to curb these rights either by law or by an executive order. The Supreme Court or the High Courts can set aside any law that is found to be infringing or abridging the Fundamental Rights.

3. Some of the Fundamental Rights are also enjoyed by foreigners, for example, the Right to Equality before Law and Right to Freedom of Religion are enjoyed by both, i.e. citizens as well as foreigners.

4. The Fundamental Rights though justiciable are not absolute. The Constitution empowers the government to impose certain restrictions on the enjoyment of our rights in the interest of public good.

Q. 8. Describe all the provisions of Right to Freedom.

Ans. The Rights to Freedom is actually a cluster of several rights. All these rights to freedom to do something as freedom on speech, freedom to assemble, freedom to form association, etc.

The six types of freedoms guaranteed through this right are given below:

1. Freedom of Speech and Expression: Every citizen has the right to express his idea freely. This can be done in two ways, i.e.,by speaking and by writing. Therefore, the freedom of speech and expression has been guaranteed.

2. Freedom to Assemble Peacefully: The citizens have the right to assemble to express their ideas and to understand the view of others. But they can assemble only peacefully and without arms.

3. Freedom to form Unions and Associations: The citizens have the right to form associations for safeguarding their rights or for recreation. Such a right is essential for the sake of securing justice and equal opportunities.

4. Freedom to move freely within the territory of India: The citizens of India have the freedom to move throughout India. But, like other types of freedom restrictions can be imposed on this freedom as well in the interest of public order or for safeguarding the rights of any scheduled tribe.

5. Freedom to live in any part of India: Every citizen has a right to reside in any part of India. But, like the freedom of movement. This freedom also may be limited for the sake of public order or for protecting the rights of a scheduled tribe.

6. Freedom to practise any profession or occupation: Every citizen has the freedom to choose his professions. He has also to change his profession according to his with and circumstances.

Q. 9. Mention Right to Education as incorporated in the Constitution by 86^th Amendment Act.
Ans. By the 86^th Amendment Act of the Constitution a new article 21-A has been added after Article 21. By this Amendment Act, Right to Education has been made a Fundamental Right and has been deleted from the list of Directive Principles of State Policy. According to it, “The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen in such a manner as the State may by law determine.” It further states that it is the responsibility of the parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to their child or ward between the age of six to fourteen years.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS 

Q. 1. Write true or false against each of these statements:

(a) A Bill of Rights, lays down the rights enjoyed by the people of a country.

Ans. True.

(b) A Bill of Rights protects the liberties of an individual.

Ans. True.

(c) Every country of the world has a Bill of Rights.

Ans. False.

(d) The Constitution guarantees remedy against violation of Rights.

Ans. True. 

Q. 2. Which of the following is the best description of Fundamental Rights?

(a) All the rights an individual should have. 

(b) All the rights given to citizens by law.

(c) The rights given and protected by the Constitution.

(d) The rights given by the Constitution that cannot ever be restricted.

Ans. The best description of Fundamental Rights is the given and protected by the Constitution.

Q. 3. Multiple Choice Questions: 

(i) Right to Equality aims at an end to ………… discrimination.

(a) social.

(b) political.

(c) moral.

(d) none of the above.

Ans. (a) social.

(ii) Any person arrested by the police shall have to be produced before the nearest Magistrate within a period of:

(a) 24 hours.

(b) 12 hours.

(c) 36 hours.

(d) 50 hours.

Ans. (a) 24 hours.