NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 5 Hydrological Cycle and Ocean

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NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 5 Hydrological Cycle and Ocean

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Hydrological Cycle and Ocean

Chapter: 5

MODULE – 3: The Domain of the Water on the Earth

INTEX QUESTION 5.1 

1. What is porosity?

Ans: Porosity is a measurement of the open space within the rocks. This space can be between grains or within cracks or cavities of the rock.

2. Define water budget? 

Ans: A water budget provide a ground for evaluating availability and sustainability of a water supply. 

3. Name any two  processes involved in the hydrological cycle? 

Ans: Two processes involved in the hydrological cycle are evaporation and condensation.

4. What are Aquifers?

Ans: The underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated material is known as an Aquifers.

INTEX QUESTION 5.2 

1. What is the continental slope? 

Ans: The continental slope is the connection between continental shelf continental rise.

2. Name the minor relief feature of the ocean? 

Ans: The minor relief features of the ocean were- Ridges, Seamount, Trenches, Guyots, Coral reefs, Atolls.

3. What are the major relief features of the ocean?

Ans: The major relief features of the ocean were- The Continental Shelf, The Continental Slope, The Continental Rise, The Deep Sea Plain or The Abyssal Plain.

4. Define trenches. 

Ans: Trenches are relatively long, steep-sided, narrow basins. These areas are the deepest parts of the oceans.

5. Which island in India is form of Atolls?

Ans: Lakshadweep Islands.

INTEX QUESTION 5.3 

1. What are the major determinants of ocean temperature?

Ans: Latitudes, Prevailing winds, Unequal distribution of land and water, Evaporation rule, density of water and ocean currents.

2. How prevailing winds determine surface temperature of ocean water?

Ans: Direction of the prevailing winds such as the Trade winds, westerly’s etc determines the surface temperature of ocean waters at a point.

3. What is the average annual range of temperature of ocean?

Ans: 12 degree Celsius.

4. Name the three zones in which ocean is divided on the basis of temperature. 

Ans: Surface zone or mixed zone, thermocline and deep zone.

5. Define thermocline zone.

Ans: It lies between 100m and 1000 m . It contains about 18% of the total volume of water in the ocean.

INTEX QUESTIONS 5.4 

1. What are the determinants of salinity of the ocean?

Ans: The determinants of salinity of the ocean were- Evaporation, Temperature, Precipitation, Ocean Currents, The influx of freshwater.

2. How ocean currents determine the salinity of ocean?

Ans: Ocean currents plays a crucial role in the spatial distribution of dissolved salts in Ocean waters.

3. What is the relationship between salinity and depth at higher altitudes?

Ans: At higher latitudes, salinity is found to increase with increasing depth.

INTEX QUESTION 5.5 

1. What is the Diurnal tide?

Ans: Diurnal tide is tide which takes place only one high tide and one low tide each day. The successive high and low tides are approximate of the same height.

2. Define Aphelion.

Ans: It is the position where the earth is farthest from the Sun (around July 4th). Tidal ranges will be much less than the average height during this period.

3. Name the position where the earth is closest to the sun thus causing unusually high and low tide.

Ans: Perihelion.

4. Name the drift of Indian Ocean currents.

Ans: The North East Monsoon Drift and the South West Monsoon Drift.

5. Name the warm current of Atlantic Ocean.

Ans: North Equatorial Current, South Equatorial Current, Equatorial Counter Current, Gulf Stream, Florida Current and Brazilian Current.

6. Name the cold current of Pacific Ocean.

Ans: Oyashio Current, California Current and Peruvian or humboldt Current.