NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 6 Structure and Composition; Insolation

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NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 6 Structure and Composition; Insolation

Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Geography Solutions, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Geography Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Structure and Composition; Insolation

Chapter: 6

MODULE – 4: Dynamics of Atmosphere

INTEX QUESTION 6.1

Write True against the correct statement and False against the incorrect statement.

1. Carbon dioxide is responsible for global warming. 

Ans: True.

2. Nitrogen is very important for making proteins which is an essential part of amino acid.

Ans: True.

3. Atmospheric dust particles are mainly found in the upper part of the atmosphere.

Ans: False.

4. Methane is a permanent gas. 

Ans: False.

INTEX QUESTION 6.2 

1. Name the layer which is related to ‘ Normal lapse rate’.

Ans: Troposphere.

2. Which gas protects us from ultraviolet solar radiation and where it is located?

Ans: Ozone gas and Stratosphere.

3. What is the importance of the ionosphere?

Ans: Ionosphere plays an important role in Radio Communication.

4. Name the layer where density is very low.

Ans: Exosphere.

INTEX QUESTION 6.3 

1. Define insolation.

Ans: Incoming solar radiation is known as insolation .

2. What are the factors influencing the amount of insolation?

Ans: Angle of incidence, length of day, transparency of atmosphere.

3. By which process energy transfers from sun to earth.

Ans: Radiation.

4. In which place, hours of the day and night are equal throughout the year.

Ans: Equator.

INTEX QUESTION 6.4 

1. What do you mean by the term ‘ Albedo’?

Ans: Amount of reflected solar energy is known as ‘Albedo’.

2. What is the Heat budget?

Ans: Heat budget is the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation.

3. Which amount of energy is received by Earth?

Ans: 51%

4. What is the net annual radiation for the globe? 

Ans: Zero.

INTEX QUESTION 6.5 

1. Which latitude received the maximum amount of insolation? 

Ans: Low latitudes.

2. What is the nature of “Sirocco” wind and where is it blown?

Ans: Hot wind and blowing towards Italy.

3. Which months represent seasonal extremes of temperature on the globe?

Ans: January and July.

4. In the southern hemisphere, which season is found in the month of January? 

Ans: Summer season.

TERMINAL QUESTIONS 

1. What are the three mechanisms by which heat energy is transferred? 

Ans: Conduction, Convection and Radiation.

2. Write a note on the important gases of the atmosphere. 

Ans: (i) Nitrogen: Nitrogen is very important for all life forms in the biosphere because it is an essential part of amino acids which makes up proteins. It helps in controlling combustion by diluting oxygen and also indirectly helps in oxidation.

(ii) Oxygen: Oxygen is a very active gas which combines with the majority of elements in the biosphere. Through the process of photosynthesis and respiration, it is exchanged between atmosphere and living organisms.

(iii) Carbon Dioxide: The role of this gas is very important in atmospheric processes because of its ability to absorb radiant heat. It is a vital greenhouse gas that taps earth’s outgoing radiation and is causing global warming. Its percentage is increasing in the atmosphere due to increasing burning of fossil fuels such as wood, coal, natural gas, gasoline and oil etc.

(iv) Ozone: It is unevenly distributed and lies in between 20 km to 25 km of altitude.

Ozone has a protective role in the atmosphere as it’s essential for maintaining habitability of earth. It blocks the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

(v) Methane: Methane is a second most abundant greenhouse gas which is emitted

from both anthropogenic (landfills, agricultural activities, coal mining, stationary and mobile combustion) and natural sources. Methane absorbs earth radiation quite efficiently. Its presence in the atmosphere affects the temperature and climate system of earth.