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NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 5 The Work of Running Water And Underground Water
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The Work of Running Water And Underground Water
Chapter: 5
GEOGRAPHY
TEXTUAL QUESTION & ANSWER
INTEXT QUESTION 5.1
Q.1. Which are the three function of a river?
Ans. (i) Erosion.
(ii) Transportation and
(iii) Deposition.
Q.2. What name is given to the rock material carried away by a river?
Ans. Load.
Q.3. Name the four ways in which river erosion takes place.
Ans. (i) Corrasion.
(ii) Corrosion.
(iii) Hydraulic action.
(iv) Attrition.
Q.4. Name the four ways in which a river transport it’s laod.
Ans. (i) Traction.
(ii) Saltation.
(iii) Suspension.
(iv) Slotution.
Q.5. Name two conditions which favour the deposition of river load.
Ans. (i) Decrease in slope or velocity of water.
(ii) Decrease in volume of water.
Q.6. Name the areas where deposition takes place.
Ans. (i) Plains.
(ii) Low lying areas.
(iii) Lakes and seas.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.2
Q.1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) The course of the river from its source of mouth has been divided into three parts. These are (i) _____, (ii) _____, (iii) ______.
Ans. (i) upper, (ii) middle, (iii) lower course.
(b) A narrow and steep sides valley is called _______.
Ans. Gorge.
Q.2. Fill in the blanks:
(a) The winding sections or loops of a stream are known as________.
Ans. Meander.
(b) The load deposited by a river at the foot of a mountain while descending from it, is called________.
Ans. Alluvial fan.
Q.3. How is a piedmont alluvial plain formed?
Ans. By deposition of load at the foot of mountains.
Q.4. Fill in the blanks:
(a) The meander completely cut off from the main river takes the form of a lake which is known as______.
Ans. Oxbow lake.
(b) A number of branches of the main river carrying water to the sea are called ______.
Ans. Distributaries.
(c) A triangular shaped land feature made by a river at its mouth is called______.
Ans. Delta.
(d) Instead of deltas river Narmada and Tapi form _______.
Ans. Estuaries.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.3
Q.1. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the breakers against each statement:
(a) The water which accumulates in the rocks after seeping through the surface is called __________. (Underground water/ water-table)
Ans. Underground water.
(b) The rocks filled with Underground water are called ______. (zones of saturation/ aquifers)
Ans. Aquifers.
Q.2. Name two types of water table.
Ans. (i) Permanent water table.
(ii) Temporary water table.
Q.4. Name three factors affecting water-table.
Ans. (i) Nature of surface.
(ii) Rainfall.
(iii) Nature of rock strata.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.4
Give one word answers for the following questions:
(a) In which province of France was the first Artesian well dug.
Ans. Artoi region.
(b) Name the place in Kullu Valley where not springs are found.
Ans. Manikaran.
(c) In which country is Old Faithful geyser located?
Ans. U.S.A.
(d) What should be the shape of the rock strata for occurrence of the artesian well?
Ans. Synclinal or tilted.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.5
Answer following questions in one or two words:
(a) Name the cavern located in Chhattisgarh.
Ans. Kotamsar.
(b) In which country is ‘karst’ region located?
Ans. Croatia (Yugoslavia)
(c) Name three regions of the world where hot springs and geysers are found.
Ans. (i) Iceland.
(ii) Yellowstone National park in U.S.A.
(iii) New Zealand.
(d) Name two topographical features formed on the surface through activity of Underground water.
Ans. (i) Sink holes and
(ii) Swallow holes.
TERMINAL QUESTIONS
Q.1. Answer briefly the following questions:
(a) In what different ways does a river transport it’s load?
Ans. The river transport it’s load by:
(i) Traction.
(ii) Saltation.
(iii) Suspension.
(iv) Solution.
(b) List out factors which affect:
1. Energy of a stream and 2. carrying capacity of stream.
Ans. 1. Slope and velocity, structure of river bed.
2. Velocity and size of particles.
(c) In what different ways is the work of river erosion accomplished?
Ans. The work of river erosion is accomplished by corrosion, hydraulic action and attrition.
Q.2. Distinguish between the following pairs:
(a) Estuary and delta.
Ans.
| Estuary | Delta |
| 1. The funnel shaped mouth of river where tides flow in and out and where fresh water and sea water mix. | 1. A more or less triangular and level tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of river and traversed by the distributary of river. |
| 2. It is formed by drowning of coastal low lands by a relative rise of sea level. | 2. It is triangular in shape. Ganga-Brahmaputra delta it is the largest delta of the world. |
(b) Flood plain and braided stream.
Ans.
| Flood Plain | Braided Stream |
| A plain bordering a river formed as a result of sediments deposited by river and is generally liable to flooding. | A river that gets divided into a network of inter connected channels forming bars and sand islands in between. |
Q.3. The following landforms have been formed by rivers. Group them under erosional and depositional features.
Gorge, V-shaped valley, meander, flood plain alluvial fan and canyon.
Ans. Work of erosion: Gorge, V-shaped valley, meander and canyon.
Work of Deposition: Meander, flood plain, alluvial fan.
