NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 Running Water, Moving Ice, Wind and Sea Waves

NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 Running Water, Moving Ice, Wind and Sea Waves Solutions English Medium As Per New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 Running Water, Moving Ice, Wind and Sea Waves Notes and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 Running Water, Moving Ice, Wind and Sea Waves Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Geography Paper Code 316.

NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 Running Water, Moving Ice, Wind and Sea Waves

Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Geography Solutions, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Geography Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Running Water, Moving Ice, Wind and Sea Waves

Chapter: 4

MODULE – 2: Dynamic and Geomorphic Processes of the Earth

INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.1

1. Which are the three courses of the river?

Ans: (i) Upper course. 

(ii) Middle course. 

(iii) Lower course.

2. Name four ways by which river erosion takes place.

Ans: (i) Abrasion or Corrasion. 

(ii) Corrosion or Solution. 

(iii) Hydraulic Action. 

(iv) Attrition.

3. Name three erosional landforms.

Ans: (i) ‘V’-shaped valley. 

(ii) Waterfalls and rapids. 

(iii) Gorges and canyons.

4. Name four ways by which river transports its load.

Ans: (i) Traction. 

(ii) Saltation. 

(iii) Suspension. 

(iv) Solution.

Fill in the blanks:

(i) The triangular-shaped depositional feature formed by the river is called ___________.

Ans: Delta.

(ii) The meanders cut off from the main river form a lake known as ______________.

Ans: Ox-Bow Lake.

(iii) River Narmada and Tapi form __________ at the west coast of India instead of a delta.

Ans: Estuaries.

(iv) The river splits into numerous channels at the delta called ____________.

Ans: Distributaries.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.2

1. Write two types of glaciers on the basis of location.

Ans: (i) Valley or Mountain glaciers. 

(ii) Continental glaciers.

Fill in the blanks:

(a) The moving mass of ice and snow are called ________.

Ans: Glaciers.

(b) The region permanently covered by snow and ice is called __________.

Ans: Snow-field.

(c) The lowest limit of permanent snow is known as ____________.

Ans: Snow-line.

3. Identify and categorise erosional and depositional landforms made by glaciers list.

Cirques, medial moraines, ‘U’ shaped valley, crevasses, till, ground moraines.

Ans: Erosional features – ‘U’-shaped valley, Crevasses. 

Depositional features – Cirques, Medial moraines, Till, Ground moraines.

Mark as True or False:

(a) Glaciers are small reservoirs of freshwater. 

Ans: False.

(b) Glacier lakes are made by moraines.

Ans: False.

(c) Glacier runoff affects downstream water temperature.

Ans: True.

(d) Glacier melt has impact on sea level rise. 

Ans: True.

(e) Crevasses are deposits made by glaciers.

Ans: False.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.3

1. Factors affecting erosion by ocean and sea waves.

 Ans: (i) Influence of waves. 

(ii) Characteristics of the coast.

2. Fill in the blanks:

(a) __________ bars are underwater deposits of sediment that form parallel to the shoreline.

Ans: Offshore.

(b) ____________ are horizontal beach in the tidal zone extending from the sea cliff into the sea.

Ans: Wave-cut platform.

(c) Waves are very important for weather ___________ and __________ modelling.

Ans: Forecasting and climate.

3. Rearrange the following relief features made by depositional and erosional action of sea waves-.

Sea caves, Bars, Beaches, Sea cliffs, Arches, Sea stacks, coastal dunes.

Ans: Depositional – Beaches, Bars, Coastal dunes. Erosional – Sea caves, Sea cliffs, Arches, Sea stacks.