NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Human Development

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NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Human Development

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Human Development

Chapter: 23

MODULE – 9: Human Resource Development in India

INTEXT QUESTIONS 23.1

1. What is Human Development Index?

Ans: The Human Development Index is a composite index that measures the average achievements of a country in three basic dimensions of human development such as long and healthy life, knowledge and decent standard of living.

2. Differentiate between human development and economic development.

Ans: Economic development entirely focuses on the increase of income. The human development stresses in expanding and widening of all aspects of human life.

3. Name the three dimensions and their respective indicator used for measuring HDI.

Ans: (i) Long and healthy life measured by life expectancy at birth.

(ii) Knowledge is measured by the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio.

(iii) A decent standard of living is measured by DGP per capita purchasing power parity in US Dollar.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 23.2

1. What is India’s position in Human Development Index according to Human Development Report-2021-2022?

Ans: 132 out of 191 countries.

2. What was India’s GDI stands as per Human Development Report, 2021-2022?

Ans: 0.849

INTEXT QUESTIONS 23.3

1. Name any five states of India which are below national average in HDI.

Ans: (i) Bihar.

(ii) Jharkhand.

(iii) Odisha.

(iv) Uttar Pradesh.

(v) Madhya Pradesh.

2. Name the three states of India which are in the high category of HDI.

Ans: (i) Goa.

(ii) Kerala.

(iii) Himachal Pradesh.

TERMINAL QUESTIONS 

1. Differentiate among Human Development Index, Human Poverty Index and Gender Development Index.

Ans: (i) Human Development Index (HDI): Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index that measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development. These basic dimensions are a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living.

(ii) Human Poverty Index (HPI): There are two indices: “HPI – 1, which measures poverty in developing countries, and the HPI-2, which measures poverty in OCED developed economies.” Indicators used include the probability at birth of not surviving to the age of 40, adult illiteracy rate, the percentage of the population not using an improved water source, and the percentage of children under-weight for their age.

(iii) Gender Development Index (GDI): Gender – related Development Index (GDI), measures disparities in the HDI by gender. It uses dimensions such as female and male life expectancy at birth, female and male mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling, and female and male estimated earned income.