NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 20 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Transport, Communication and Trade

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NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 20 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Transport, Communication and Trade

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Transport, Communication and Trade

Chapter: 20

MODULE – 8: Economic Geography of India

INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.1 

1. The term FDI refers to-

(a) Foreign Digital Investment.

(b) Foreign Direct Investment. 

(c) Force Direct Investment. 

(d) Free Digital Investment.

Ans: (b) Foreign Direct Investment. 

2. Which Country has maximum shares in FDI? 

(a) USA.

(b) UAE.

(c) Singapore. 

(d) Switzerland.

Ans: (c) Singapore. 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.2 

1. State the number of railway stations in India in 2019-20.

Ans: 7325

2.  Write any two regions with dense rail network. 

Ans: Northern Plain, Eastern coastal area, Plains of Gujrat etc.

3. Why road network is not uniform in India? 

Ans: Uneven due to relief, climatic condition, density of population.

4. What is the total length of Char-Dham Pariyojna.

Ans: 889 km.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.3

1. What is the name of waterways between Haldia and Prayagraj?

Ans: National Waterway.

2. How may scheduled Computer Operators are in India? 

Ans: 15

3. In which year RCS-Udan scheme was launched? 

Ans: 2016

4. State the number of Post Office in India. 

Ans: 159392

5. What was the trade deficit of India in 2021-22.

Ans: (-) 14,25,753 crore. 

TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Define Foreign Direct Investment.

Ans: According to the IMF, ‘Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the category of international investment that reflects the objective of obtaining a lasting interest by a resident entity in one economy in an enterprise resident in another economy’. The ‘Reserve Bank of India (RBI)’ has also defined it as ‘the investment through capital instruments by a person resident outside India-

(a) In an unlisted Indian company; or.

(b) In 10 percent or more of the post issue paid-up equity capital on a fully diluted basis of a listed Indian company’.

2. Explain two routes of FDI in India. 

Ans: There are two common routes for Foreign Direct Investments in India:

(i) The automatic route: Under this route an Indian company or Non-Resident does not need any prior permission from the RBI or the Government of India for investment from other countries in India. Many sectors are permitted to get 100 percent investment through the automatic route category.

(ii) The government route: Under this route the FDI is received after prior permission from the Government of India only. The companies interested to invest in India have to fill and submit an application form through the Foreign Investment Facilitation portal.

3. Highlights the regional pattern of FDI in India. 

Ans: It is also observed that there are regional variations in receiving the FDI from different countries. Singapore with 27.01% of the total FDI topped the list of countries investing in India for financial year 2021-22. It was followed by the USA (17.94%), Mauritius (15.98%), the Netherlands (7.86%) and Switzerland (7.31%). There are also variations in receiving FDI in different sectors. If we talk about the major sector receiving the FDI for financial year 2021-22, the Computer Software & Hardware sector has received the highest FDI with 24.60%.

4. Explain the distributions of rail network in India.

Ans: (i) The Regions of Dense Network: “The northern plains and eastern coastal areas possess a dense network of railways. The level land, fertile soils, dense population and spread of industries are the reasons for this dense railway network. The plains of Gujarat and Saurashtra, Central Tamil Nadu and Chota Nagpur Plateau are the other regions.”

(ii) Regions of Moderate Railway Network: “The whole of the peninsular region except Tamil Nadu and Chhotanagpur has a moderate network. The hilly and plateau terrain provides unfavourable conditions for laying railway lines.”

(iii) Regions of Sparse Railway Network: “The Himalayan mountain region, comprising Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh have hardly a line here and there. The North eastern region also has a sparse railway network. Desert region of western Rajasthan also has a sparse network of railways.