NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Population Growth And Distribution

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NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Population Growth And Distribution

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Population Growth And Distribution

Chapter: 21

MODULE – 9: Human Resource Development in India

INTEXT QUESTIONS 21.1 

1. Tick (√) Mark the most appropriate answers:

(a) The major reason for the high growth rate of population in India is:

(i) Rapidly rising birth rate. 

(ii) Rapidly falling death rate. 

(iii) High in-migration from outside.

(iv) Very high birth rate and death rate.

Ans: (ii) Rapidly falling death rate. 

(b) The growth rate of population in India has been constantly rising right since: 

(i) 1901 

(ii) 1921 

(iii) 1951 

(iv) 1981

Ans: (ii) 1921

2. Name the State where the growth rate of population is the highest and lowest according to 2011 Census.

Ans: Nagaland.

3. Name the states where the growth rate of population is the lowest.

Ans: Kerala.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 21.2 

1. Name three states having a high density of population.

Ans: West Bengal, Kerala, Bihar, U.P. Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Haryana (Any three)

2. Name any three Union Territories in India which fall under the areas of high density of population.

Ans: Delhi, Chandigarh, Pondicherry, Lakshadweep and Daman & Diu (Any three)

3. Name any three sates falling under the category of areas of low density of population.

Ans: Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh.

4. Name any one Union Territory having a low density of population.

Ans: Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

5. Fill in the blanks with most appropriate words given in the brackets. 

(a) Areas receiving ample precipitation and having fertile soils are likely to have a ______________ density of population. (high, moderate, low).

Ans: High.

(b) Areas suffering from droughts and having a rough terrain are likely to have a _______________ density of population. (high, moderate, low).

Ans: Low.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 21.3 

1. In which country the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) was organised in 1994? 

Ans: Egypt. 

2. How many countries have signed the ICPD Programme of Action? 

Ans: 179

3. State any two points given in ICPD Programme of Action.

Ans: (i) Provide universal access to family planning and sexual and reproductive health services and reproductive rights;  

(ii) Deliver gender equality, empowerment of women and equal access to education for girls;

TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. What are the major trends in population growth in India? Discuss the factors responsible for it with suitable examples.

Ans: Trends: If we look at the 100 years population growth then, it can be broadly grouped under the following four categories:

(i) Period of stagnant growth rate (before 1921): Before 1921 the increase in population was sporadic, irregular and slow. This was mainly due to high birth and death rate. Therefore, the natural growth was insignificant. In 1911-21 the absolute increase declines marginally due to famines, epidemics etc.

(ii) Period of steady growth rate (1921-1951): Since 1921 to 1951 there was a steady increase in population. This is because of steady decline in death rates. The decline was mainly due to improvement in sanitation and medical facilities.

(iii) Period of rapid growth rate (1951-1981): This is a very crucial phase as far as population growth of India is concerned. The population was almost doubled during these three decades. During this period there was a rapid decline in death rate whereas the decline in birth rate was marginal.

(iv) Period of declining growth rate (after 1981): In the last three decades i.e. 1981-91, 1991-2001, and 2001-2011 the rate of growth started declining gradually. It indicates the beginning of a new era in the demographic history of India. During this period birth rate declined significantly. Whereas the decline in death rate continued in a slower rate.”

Factors: The growth of population in a region depends upon three factors namely birth rate, death rate and migration.

(i) Medical Facilities: “Improvement in sanitation and medical facilities” led to the steady growth phase.

(ii) Development: “Acceleration in developmental activities… improvement in living conditions” contributed to the rapid growth phase.

(iii) Government Policy: “Effective government role in promoting family welfare programmes and people’s awareness” attributed to the declining trend.