NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 Exogenic Forces and their Resultant Landforms

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NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 Exogenic Forces and their Resultant Landforms

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Exogenic Forces and their Resultant Landforms

Chapter: 3

MODULE – 2: Dynamic and Geomorphic Processes of the Earth

INTEXT QUESTIONS 3.1

1. Name the two major sources of energy which empower the various exogenic processes. 

(i) ____________.

(ii) ___________.

Ans: (i) Solar radiation.

(ii) Potential energy arising from the gravitational attraction of the earth.

2. Classify the degradational and denudational exogenic process.

(i) ______________

(ii) ______________

Ans: (i) Weathering.

(ii) Mass Movements.

(iii) Erosion and Transportation.

3. By which process rivers erode their valley walls?

Ans: Hydraulic action.

4. Name the process of removing, lifting and blowing away dry and loose particles of sands and dusts by winds, in semi -arid or arid regions.

Ans: Deflation.

5. Name the debris carried by glaciers. 

Ans: Glacial drift .

INTEXT QUESTIONS 3.1

1. Name the three major landforms of second order found on the earth’s surface.(i) _____________  (ii) ______________  (iii) _______________.

Ans: (i) Mountains  (ii) Plateau  (iii) Plains.

2. Block mountains are the result of which processes?

Ans: Block mountains are the result of faulting caused by tensile and compressive forces motored by endogenetic forces.

3. Write the type of the following mountains :

Mountains	Type
(a) The Black Forest
(b) The Himalayas
(c) The Aravalli
(d) The Fuji Yama

Ans: 

Mountains	Type
(a) The Black Forest	Block Mountain
(b) The Himalayas	Folded Mountain
(c) The Aravalli	Relict or Residual Mountain
(d) The Fuji Yama	Volcanic Mountain

4. Which mountain has surrounded the plateau of Tibet, an intermontane plateau?

Ans: Himalaya, Karakoram, Kunlun, and Tien Shan.

5. The Indo-Gangetic plain of the Indian subcontinent and the Hwang-Ho plain of North China are examples of which type of plain?

Ans: Depositional Plains.

TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Define the exogenic processes.

Ans: Exogenic processes are called gradational or planation processes because these are continuously engaged in wearing down vertical irregularities created by endogenic processes through denudational mechanisms (including both weathering and erosion) and depositional processes.

2. Describe the mechanism of erosion, transportation and deposition by various geomorphic agents.

Ans: Erosion:

(i) Rivers, oceans, and glaciers erode through processes like hydraulic action, abrasion, and attrition.

(ii) Wind erodes through deflation (picking up loose particles) and abrasion (wearing away surfaces).

(iii) Glaciers erode through plucking (removing rocks) and abrasion (scratching bedrock).

Transportation:

(i) Rivers, oceans, and glaciers carry sediments through suspension, bed load, and solution.

(ii) Wind transports sediments through suspension and saltation (hopping or skipping).

(iii) Glaciers transport sediments through glacial flow.

Deposition:

(i) Sediments are deposited in rivers (deltas, floodplains), oceans (beaches, deltas), and lakes.

(ii) Sediments are deposited in dunes, loess deposits, or other areas where wind speed decreases.

(iii) Glaciers deposit sediments as moraines, drumlins, or other glacial features when they melt or retreat.