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NIOS Class 10 Home Science Chapter 20 Adolescence Charms and Challenges
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Adolescence Charms and Challenges
Chapter: 20
[Book – II] HOME SCIENCE
TEXTUAL QUESTION WITH ANSWERS
Intext Questions 20.1.
Q.1. Write two signs of physical growth which are common and two which are specific to adolescent boys and girls.
| Common to boys and girls | Specific and girls | |
| boys | girls | |
| 1 | 1 | |
| 2 | 2 |
Ans: Common signs: Increase in height and weight, hair in arm pit and pubic area, increase in genitals.
Boys: Nocturnal emissions, increased muscular development, facial hair. (Any two)
Girls: Growth of breasts, menarche, broadening of hips.
Q. 2. Identify whether the following statements are True/False. Give reasons for your answers.
(i) Children should not be educated about the changes during adolescence as it may distract them.
(True/False) ___________________.
(ii) Malini should not play outdoor games during menstruation.
(True/False) ___________________.
(iii) Sohail’s brother makes him feel guilty by saying that nocturnal emission happens to those who have sexual fantasies.
(True/False) ___________________.
(iv) Girls should eat iron rich foods.
(True/False) ___________________.
(v) A girl cannot become pregnant before her first periods.
(True/False) ___________________.
(vi) Genital hygiene is important for both boys and girls.
(True/False) ___________________.
Ans: (i) FALSE- they should be prepared beforehand so that they do not get shocked and are prepared / relaxed for the forthcoming changes.
(ii) FALSE – she can continue with all her normal activities.
(iii) FALSE- it can happen otherwise too as excess of semen flows out in sleep.
(iv) TRUE – Girls should eat iron rich foods.
(v) FALSE – she can get pregnant before her first periods as ovum is formed few weeks before the start of menstrual cycle begins.
(vi) TRUE -Genital hygiene is important for both boys and girls.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.2
Q. 1. Nasreen is the best athlete in her village and has won many awards at both district and state level. For the past two years she has been practicing very hard for the coming district athletes meet. She is very upset and wants to know that she is not shortlisted for the same. Given below are three different ways in which Nasreen can try to find why she has not been shortlisted for district athletes.
Option 1: Nasreen argues with the sarpanch of the village and accuses him of being unfair.
Option 2: Nasreen locks herself in a room and refuses to eat her meals.
Option 3: She goes to sarpanch and asks him the reason for her not being selected for district athletes.
Which do you think is the most sensible option? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans: Option 3 is the best option. REASON- one should find out the reason instead of expressing anger as that would not solve the problem. May be by mistake her name not there or she may not fulfill criteria for age bar.
Q. 2. Neha got very angry when her parents did not allow her to go out with her friends. She threw her books on the floor, shouted at everyone and refused to. eat her food. If you were Neha, what would you have done to convince your parents? Please suggest at least two methods.
Ans: Neha should ask them the reason for not allowing her, understand their point of view. She should have not thrown her books, eaten her food and talk politely with all.
Q. 3. Sudha is very conscious of her complexion. She avoids interacting with people around. Give four suggestions Sudha which can help build a positive self esteem.
Ans: (i) Realize that certain physical aspects in you cannot be changed.
(ii) Spend time analyzing your strong points and appreciate your strengths.
(iii) Do not indulge in self pity.
(iv) Eat healthy and exercise.
(v) Take advice from a trusted friend or a trained counsellor.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.3
Q. 1. Neha is 13 years old. She feels her mother does not love her anymore. She is not allowed to go out with her friends and has frequent arguments with her mother. Suggest two ways in which Neha can improve her relationship with her mother. Could you also recommend two ways in which Neha’s mother can contribute towards improving the relationship with her daughter?
Ans: Neha’s role:
(i) Confide in her parents.
(ii) See their point of view.
(iii) Respect them and talk courteously.
(iv) Participate in household chores with parents.
Role of her mother:
(i) Involve her in family discussions and household chores.
(ii) Share problems.
(iii) Understand.
(iv) Talk openly about the issues.
(v) Counsel her.
Q. 2. Adolescents are often confused whether they are children or adults. Narrate any incidence from your personal life to justify statement.
Ans: Any incidence where your parents one minute tell you that you are child but very next minute they expect you to behave adult like.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.4
Q. 1. Complete the following statements giving appropriate reasons:
(i) Engaging in high risk behaviors is dangerous because ___________.
(ii) Keeping communication channel open with parents is important because ___________.
(iii) During adolescence, friends become very important because ___________.
(iv) Positive peer pressure should be encouraged because ___________.
(v) A clash between parents and adolescents could occur because ___________.
Ans: (i) STD, HIV, behind bars, any other.
(ii) Prevents misunderstanding between both parents and children
(iii) They go through the same phase and understand each other.
(iv) It encourages healthy competition and boosts ego.
(v) They do not talk freely / do not respect each other.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.5
Q. 1. Enumerate any two characteris- tics of cognitive development of adolescence.
Ans: (i) Personal fable – think they are unique.
(ii) Imaginary audience – think everyone watching them.
(iii) Abstract thinking – can imagine impossible, which is not true.
(iv) Systematic – can take all factors in mind before planning anything.
Q. 2. Adolescents are often reckless and refuse to wear ill fitted clothes. Give reasons for their behavior.
Ans: Reckless – because of personal fable where they think nothing wrong can happen to them. Refuse to wear a defective dress-as think everyone can see the defect even if it is not noticeable.
TERMINAL EXERCISE
Q. 1. Explain the physical changes that are common to both adolescents boys and girls.
Ans: Physical that are common to both adolescents boys and girls:
1. Growth spurt.
2.Weight and height.
3. Internal Development.
4. Sexual Development.
5. Change in voice.
6. Change in skin.
7. Pimples.
8. Growth of arm pit and pubic hair.
Q. 2. Differentiate between emotional and social during adolescence.
Ans: Emotional changes: Due to physical changes emotionality of the young adolescent is greatly influenced. Due to hormonal secretion the adolescent becomes restless and emotionally unstable. The adolescent is constantly irritated and under pressure. The adolescent get excited easily experience ups and lows of emotions frequently. This emotional instability creates tension in his mind as well as around him.
Physical changes: The adolescent is not ready for these change mentally. These change cause discomfort stress and finally depression. The adolescent is still a child in his heart but due to the physical changes starts looking like a grown up person so feels awkward. It is difficult for the adolescent to accept these changes as part of his new personality.
Q.3. Giving an example explain how positive self esteem helps in better performance.
Ans: Example: While planning for a family holiday adolescents can list out suitable options available examine them keeping in mind weather condition, location, best time to go, market area, way to reach the destination and places to see and accordingly decide and plan a holiday.
Q. 4. How would systematic thinking help in choosing a career?
Ans: Yes, systematic thinking help in a person choosing a good career.
Everyone hopes to do something that they enjoy and also earn a decent livelihood. Very often, you are expected to join your parents in their profession. But if you have other interests, you should explore them. Remember what ever you you must try to do your best and excel in the chosen For this you may have to put in extra labour and effort. After all hard work always pays in the long run. There are many options available besides the usual professions of doctor, engineer or architect.
Q. 5. Read the case study of three friends below and answer the given questions:
Mani and Ronny met Adil at a marriage party. They try to convince Adil to drink He does not want to offend his friends and risk his friendship. However he does not want to drink and drive. He is in a delima, should he have alcohol with them or should he leave the party and go home?
(i) What do you think Adil should do?
(ii) What should Adil do to convince his friends not to drink as they will have to drive back home?
(iii) How else can Adil’s friend celebrate? Please give atleast two suggestions.
Ans: (i) He should not drink alcohol.
(ii) Alcohol bad effect in our body. He does not went to and drive because the adolescent loses self-confidence and control over himself.
(iii) The enjoy their party:
(a) playing a games.
(b) singing a song.
(c) groups dance enjoy.
Q. 6. Your Nine year old brother is watching a violent film. In what ways can you help him selection appropriate program?
Ans: 1. Share problems.
2.Counsel her.
3. Understand.
4.Talk openly about the issues.
5. Personal interest in your activities.
6. Watching a T.V. to meet her.
Q. 7. Cite a situation where you experienced a conflict between what you wanted to do and what was expected of you. How did you resolve the situation?
Ans: Riya is ten year old. She feels her mother does not love her Any more. She is not allowed to go out with her friends house because she was a girl. But I do not like her behaviour.
Q. 8. Educate your friends on how to be assertive when being forced to do things against their wishes.
Ans: Educate your friend when being forced to do things against their wishes:
1. Make it strong.
2. Do not indulge in self pity.
3. Counsel with family members.
4. Talk openly about the issues.
5. Understand on matter (what will be right/wrong).
Q. 9. List various sources from where you can get information regarding your career.
Ans: 1. School.
2. Teacher.
3. Media.
4. Employment Newspaper.
5. Internet etc.
SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION
Multiple Choice Questions
Tick (✔) the correct answer:
1. A two year old can:
(a) Sit without support.
(b) Can walk.
(c) Can run.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (d) All of the above.
2. Which of the following statement is wrong?
(a) A five month old can turn.
(b) A five month old can only grasp big objects.
(c) A five month old can walk and run.
(d) A five month old can only sit with support.
Ans: (c) A five month old can walk and run
3. Growth rate is fast till:
(a) The first 1 year.
(b) The first 12 year.
(c) The first 2 year.
(d) The first 3 years.
Ans: (b) The first 12 year.
4. The temporary teeth first appear during:
(a) 2-3 months.
(b) 6-8 months.
(e) 5-6 months.
(d) 8-12 months.
Ans: (b) 6-8 months.
5. Motor development means control over:
(a) Body movements.
(b) Finger movements.
(c) Brain movements.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (a) Body movements.
6. Which of the following is a gross motor skill?
(a) Standing.
(b) Writing.
(c) Catching.
(d) Grasping.
Ans: (a) Standing.
7. Which of the following is a five motor skill?
(a) Running.
(b) Standing.
(c) Catching.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (c) Catching.
8. At 2 year of age the child can:
(a) Pick up small objects.
(b) Run smoothly.
(c) Skip smoothly.
(d) Walk a balance beam.
Ans: (a) Pick up small objects.
9. A childs begins to use telegraphic speech at the age of:
(a) 10 months.
(b) 12 months.
(c) 18-24 months.
(d) 2½ years.
Ans: (c) 18-24 months.
