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NIOS Class 10 Home Science Chapter 17 Life Begins
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Life Begins
Chapter: 17
[Book – II] HOME SCIENCE
TEXTUAL QUESTION WITH ANSWERS
Intext Questions 17.1.
Q.1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate options:
(a) The fertilized egg is also called.
(i) An ovum.
(ii) A zygote.
(iii) Cervix.
Ans: (ii) A zygote.
(b) The zygote attached itself to the lining of the
(i) Vagina.
(ii) Uterus.
(iii) Cervix.
Ans: (ii) Uterus.
(c) The vital organs like organs like heart and lungs of the child start developing in the trimester of pregnancy.
(i) First.
(ii) Second.
(iii) Third.
Ans: (i) First.
Q.2. Calculate the expected date of delivery for a woman who had her last menstrual period from June 15 to June 19, 2009
Ans: March 22, 2010.
Q.3. What are the possible I’ll effects of having a child before 20 years of age?
Ans: I’ll effects; Complications during delivery, birth of a Physically/ mentally disabled child, risk to life of mother and child, miscarriages.
Q.4. Given below is a set of statements describing the condition of some women. Name the woman who may be pregnant and need to consult the doctor.
(a) Mary feels nausea on smelling perfumes or dal or an odours substance.
(b) Meena got married in October and from November she has not had her periods.
(c) Sheela is scared to get up in the morning because as soon as she brushes her teeth she vomits.
(d) Jaswinder has been menstruating every 28 days.
(e) Pinky needs to gulp an antacid after every meal.
Ans: Might be pregnant Meena, Sheela Consulat a doctor, Mary , Pinky Not pregnant; Jaswinder.
Intext Questions 17.2.
Q.1. Give one reason why a pregnant woman should do the following:
(a) Avoid spicy and fried foods.
Ans: To prevent acidity and gastric discomfort.
(b) Take small and frequent meals.
Ans: To prevent heart burn/gastric discomfort morning sickness.
(c) Take tetanus vaccination.
Ans: To prevent infections during delivery.
(d) Continue to do her normal daily work.
Ans: To remain fit and active.
(e) Weight herself at periodic intervals.
Ans: To check whether adequate foetal growth is taking place.
Q.2. Read the following situations and give appropriate answers.
(a) You are travelling in a bus and lucky to have got a seat because the travelling time up to your home is more than an hour. At the next stop a pregnant woman boards the bus. Should you look away or offer her the seat? Why?
Ans: (i) Sudden jerks can result in fall and can harm the foetus – can cause abortion.
(ii) The women needs to be given as much rest as possible.
(iii) She should be made to feel comfortable.
(b) Your 21 year old married sister is 6 months pregnant. She is shy and refuses to step out of her home. What kind of clothes would you recommend she wears during pregnancy?
Ans: Clothes recommended: Slightly loose fitting kurta – salwar, top – trousers, saree can be worn. The clothes should not put undue pressure on the women ‘s abdomen and should allow her to move around freely.
Intext Questions 17.3.
Q.1. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word (s).
(i) Care of a woman during pregnancy is called ___________ care.
Ans: Prenatal.
(ii) A new born baby is likely to sleep for ____________ hours.
Ans: 16.
(iii) Immunization is offered free at ____________ hospitals and health centres.
Ans: Government.
(iv) A woman should get herself immunized for ____________ as early as possible during pregnancy.
Ans: Tetanus.
(v) ____________ and polio are given to a baby at the time of birth.
Ans: BCG.
Q.2. List the vaccines recommended for a new born baby under the National immunization schedule. State the diseases that they prevent.
Ans: Vaccine BCG: Disease prevented – TB.
Vaccine – Oral polio: Disease prevented – Polio,
Vaccine – DPT: Disease prevented – Diphtheria, Pertussis Tetanus.
Vaccine: Hepatitis ‘B’: Disease prevented – Jaundice.
Vaccine -MMR: Disease prevented – Measles, Mumps, Kubela.
Intext Questions 17.4.
Q.1. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for the same.
(i) The cut cord of a newborn baby should be left exposed to dry up. (True/False)
Because ________________.
Ans: True: True – If the cord is covered it will not dry up quickly and this can result in infections .
(ii) Colostrum is good for the baby. (True/ False).
Because ________________.
Ans: True: Colostrum provides immunity and is also very nutritious.
(iii) The mother should not breast feed the baby for first few days after birth.(True/False).
Because ________________.
Ans: False: The mother should put the baby to her breast within one hour of delivery so that the child can get the benefit of having Colostrum too.
(iv) Breast – fed babies are stronger and healthier. (True/False)
Because ________________.
Ans: True: Breast milk is nutritionally adequate, Prevents infection improves immunity and results in better bonding of the baby with the mother, thus making the babies, stronger and healthier.
(v) Mothers who are breast feeding need a nutritious diet. (True / False)
Because ________________.
Ans: True: Nursing and mothers have to produce milk for their babies and therefore, need to consume large amount of nutrients in their diets.
Intext Questions 17.5.
Q.1. Reena and Abhay have three children in a span of three years of marriage whereas Ayesha and Firoz started their family after three years of marriage and have only one child. Explain, giving appropriate reasons which couple has taken the right decision.
Ans: Ayesha and Firoz have taken a right decision.
Reason: They have taken time to understand their new family and adjust to the new environment and only after that they had a baby. They will be able to devote adequate time to their baby and take care of all its needs. Ayesha will be more patient as her own health status will be in a stable condition. If she is a professional, she will also be able to devote time to her work.
Reena: Has conceived immediately after marriage deterioration of her and has also has to more children in quick succession which could affect her health and nutritional status, Besides their children may not get enough nutrition and affection from her. This could make their children irritable and more susceptible to infectious disease. Reena and Abhay may also feel more irritable and guilty as they will not be able to devote adequate time to all their young children with their high demands.
Q.2. Ritu is a 15 year old unmarried girl who has become pregnant. What advice will you give to her family and friends to help her copo with the situation?
Ans: Advice to family and friends.
(i) Family, friends and Ritu may rationally discuss the pros and cons of the situation and come to a mutually agreeable decision.
(ii) If the final decision is to abort the child then it should be under proper medical supervision. Ritu should be given emotional and physical support.
(iii) If pregnancy has to be taken to full term, then friends and family should keep Ritu happy, make her feel comfortable and normal, encourage her to face life bravely they should not allow Ritu to feel guilty, should encourage her to take nutritious meals, go for regular medical check up and continue with her studies.
Terminal Exercise
Q.1. How does a woman come to know that she has become pregnant?
Ans: From the following signs a woman comes to that she has become pregnant:
(i) The women misses her period. This is often the first sign.
(ii) Morning sickness or nausea which gives the feeling of wanting to vomit, specially in the morning, is worse during the second and third months of pregnancy.
(iii) The frequency of urination may increase.
(iv) Changes in the breast occur fairly early during pregnancy. The breasts tend to get enlarged. The nipples also enlarge and become more prominent.
(v) Apart from these signs, there may be some digestive change also. Some women develop a strong liking for sour foods like pickles tamarind, etc.
Q.2. What do you think would be the consequences of conceiving a baby by a young woman who is under 18 year of age?
Ans: She has faced many consequences of conceiving a baby by a young woman because the right age to have a baby is when the mother is 20-35 years old. Before 20 years, the female reproductive system is not very well developed and after 35 years the reproductive system becomes a little weak. A mother who is likely to have more Complications during pregnancy.
Q.3. Trace the development of the foetus from the first to third trimester of pregnancy.
Ans: Development of fetus in the womb:
1. The first 3 months or the First Trimester
(i) The fetus attaches itself to the uterine wall.
(ii) Structures to protect and feed the fetus from amniotic sac, placenta and umbilical cord.
(iii) Many external and internal organs from.
(iv) The sex of the foetus can be known.
2. 6 months or the IInd Trimester:
(i) Rapid increase in size.
(ii) Fetus begins to move.
(iii) Brain development is especially fast.
(iv) Fetus reacts to light and sound.
3. 6-9 months or III trimester:
(i) Increase in size continuous.
(ii) Fetus can survive, if born around this time.
(iii) Antibodies are transmitted from mother to the foetus so that the child is protected from diseases once he is born.
(iv) At the end of nine months the foetus usually turns in an upside down direction in order to be born.
Q. 4. List four things a woman and her family can do to ensure the birth healthy and happy child.
Ans: (1) It is extremely important for al pregnant women to go to a doctor for a proper medical check up.
(2) Take a tetanus vaccination.
(3) During pregnancy, it is right for a woman to be happy.
(4) A mother must eat a good diet so that her baby gets proper food to grow.
Q. 5. What do you understand by the term fourth trimester?
Ans: “Fourth trimester” means “after birth while it is true that the new born baby need a lot of tender loving care. It is equally true that the mother who has just had a baby needs as much. If not more, looking after, she has gone through a stressful time giving birth and her body needs to recover it strength after giving birth. She can also catch infections if she does not look after herself properly after delivering the baby.
Q. 6. Identify two practices to care for a mother and her baby after deliver. Why are these practices important?
Ans: For the baby:
Cleaning the new born baby: A new born child’s skin is often wrinkled, and is covered with a white cheese like substance and some fine hair. Wipe it with clean cloth soaked in warm water. Do not scrub as both these are protective in nature and fall after some time.stitches clean and dry to prevent any infection.
For the mother: The woman must ensure that her room is kept clean, well lit and ventilated. She must also have a bath regularly and keep the stitches clean and dry to prevent any infection.
Q. 7. Why is it important for a child to be breast fed right from birth? Give two in support of your answer.
Ans: Important of Breast Milk:
(i) Colostrum contains sufficient nutrients and has vital protective qualities.
(ii) It contains large amount of antibodies and white blood cells to protect the child against infection.
(iii) It also has some growth inducing nutrients.
(iv) Breast feeding for the infant becomes very important from the very first day of the birth.
Q.8. Prepare a short talk giving reasons for the need to give special care to a pregnant woman and the role of her family in doing so.
Ans: (i) It is important for every woman to take care of her health throughout her life. She becomes extremely vulnerable during the period of pregnancy and child birth. Therefore, s needs a log of support from her people around -ly her. The concern shown by all the members nt her family, neighborhood and community general.
(ii) Only a healthy woman can give birth a healthy baby. To be healthy she must eat the right food.
(iii) The family members and colleagues must pay special attention to her and ensure that a woman get adequate rest and remains stress free at all times constant support from the family, friends and colleagues can help the pregnant woman easily tide over this physiologically and psychologically stressful period.
Q.9. A couple should plan small family. Give reasons.
Ans: It is important for a couple should plan small family because. it is nice to have a few children in family. A small family can also spend more money to meet the needs of the children. Children can be educated properly and trained well. It is therefore necessary, that families should produce few children and keep an age difference of at least 3-4 years in between the two child births.
SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION
Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the most suitable answer and tick mark (✔):
1. Colostrum contains:
(a) A lot of antibodies.
(b) Immunoglobins.
(c) Both (a)’ and ‘(b)’.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (c) Both (a)’ and ‘(b).
2. Fusion of sperm and ovum leading to pregnancy is know as:
(a) Fertilization.
(b) Conception.
(c) Amniafic sac.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (a) Fertilization.
3. The process of fertilization leading to pregnancy is known as:
(a) Neonate.
(b) Amniotic sac.
(c) Conception.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (c) Conception.
4. Which of the following protect a baby from shocks and change in temperature?
(a) Placenta.
(b) Amniotic fluid.
(c) Umbilical cord.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (b) Amniotic fluid.
5. Which of the following carries the nutrients to the child and the waste products back to the mother?
(a) Placenta.
(b) Umbilical cord.
(c) Amniotic fluid.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (b) Umbilical cord.
6. Which of the following is a name given to a child after birth upto one month?
(a) Neonate.
(b) Pronate.
(c) Baby.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (a) Neonate.
7. Which of the following affect the growing foetus?
(a) Emotions of the mother.
(b) What a mother eats.
(c) Disease germs.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (d) All of the above.
8. The first 3 months:
(a) The attaches itself to the wall.
(b) Foetus rapidly increases in size.
(c) Foetus begins to move.
(d) Foetus reacts to light and sound.
Ans: (a) The foetus attaches itself to the uterine wall.
