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NIOS Class 10 Home Science Chapter 18 Concept of Development
Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 10 Home Science Chapter 18 Concept of Development, NIOS Secondary Course Home Science Solutions for All Chapters, You can practice these here.
Concept of Development
Chapter: 18
[Book – II] HOME SCIENCE
TEXTUAL QUESTION WITH ANSWERS
Intext Questions 18.1.
Rearrange the jumbled words. Find your answers from the clues given below. Justify your answer in one sentence.
Q.1. No one taught me to crawl, but one day I showed my parents that I can do it. This is:
RTMUTAAONI __________________.
Ans: Maturation.
Q. 2. I have learnt to make new friends, it refers to the term.
NPDEETEOMVL __________________.
Ans. Development.
Q. 3. I have acquired the skill of skipping because my parents gave me an opportunity to do so.
NRAIELGN __________________.
Ans: Learning.
Q. 4. I am becoming taller and heavier and can be measured in centimeters and kilograms.
OTRGHW __________________.
Ans: Growth.
Intext Questions 18.2.
Tick (✔) the correct answer:
Q. 1. Children who are taller for their age during early childhood years are taller during adulthood also. By this observation which of the following principle of development is proved.
(i) Development is the product of maturation and learning.
(ii) Development is predictable.
(iii) Rate of development remains constant.
(iv) Early development is more important than later development.
Ans: Development is predictable.
Q. 2. On the whole the sequence in which a child develops, follows two trends.
Tick (✔) the correct answer:
(i) Learning and Maturation.
(ii) Constant and correlated.
(iii) Growth and development.
(iv) Cephalo-caudal and Proximodistal.
Ans: (iv) Cephalo-caudal and Proximodistal.
Q. 3. You did not start speaking on the day you were born, instead you developed speech gradually. This is a principle of: _________________.
(i) Development is predictable.
(ii) Development proceeds stage by stage.
(iii) Rate of development remains constant.
(iv) Development is correlated.
Ans: (ii) Development proceeds stage by stage.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 18.3
1. Mention whether the following statements are true false. false correct the statement.
Q. 1. The colour of an individual’s hair is a product of environment. (True/False)
Ans: False, product of heredity.
Q. 2. Good physical and mental development can take place if the child takes good nutrition and his environment is stimulating. (True/False)
Ans: True.
Q. 3. Each child is unique in terms of genetic make up even if brought up in similar environments. (True/False)
Ans: True.
Q. 4. The best type of child rearing practice followed by parents is permissiveness. (True/False)
Ans: False, democratic child rearing practice.
Intext Questions 18.4
1. Find the suitable words from the jig zag puzzle below and fill in the blanks in the following sentences:
1. Listening to a story will enhance a child’s __________ development.
2. Putting the pieces of puzzle together is a part of __________ and __________ development.
3. Showing __________ is an indication of sound social development.
4. Severe malnutrition will affect __________ development.
5. Climbing tree is part of __________ development.
6. Children can communicate to their elders about their needs through their __________.
Ans: 1. Language.
2. Cognitive and physical.
3. Empathy.
4. Overall.
5. Physical.
6. Emotions.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 18.5
Tick (✔) the correct answer:
Q. 1. If Sufi’s birth height was 21 inches, by her second birthday she will be __________ tall.
(a) 32 inches.
(b) 34 inches.
(c) 42 inches.
Ans: (c) 42 inches.
Q. 2. Preeti is seven months old ___________ incisors must have erupted in her mouth.
(a) Central.
(b) Lateral.
(c) First molars.
Ans: (a) Central.
Q. 3. Skills such as running and writing are improved during ___________.
(a) Babyhood.
(b) Infancy.
(c) Early childhood.
Ans: (c) Early childhood.
Q. 4. Amit was born with a birth weight of 7 pounds, he will be ___________ by the end of his first birthday.
(a) 18 pounds.
(b) 14 pounds.
(c) 21 pounds.
Ans: (c) 21 pounds.
Q. 5. Tanvir and Manvir are 5 years old. The differences in their body builds have become apparent in __________.
(a) Infancy.
(b) Early childhood.
(c) Toddler.
Ans: (b) early childhood.
TERMINAL EXERCISES
Q. 1. Define the following terms and give at least two differences between them.
(i) Growth and development.
Ans: (i) Growth is quantitative and development is qualitative in nature.
(ii) Growth is limited to height and weight but development refers to all changes leading towards maturity.
(ii) Heredity and development.
Ans: (i) Heredity: It provides the basis for the development of human personality. Heredity is what a person is born with. It is a specific combination of genes we inherit and is shown in characteristics like height and certain habits.
Environment: includes aspects of the surroundings i.e. human and non-human such as parents, family, friends, school neighbourhood, work place and socio-economic conditions to which the individual is exposed since birth. These factors influence the development of an individual.
Q. 2. Give four reasons for individual differences amongst children.
Ans: There are many factors affecting developments:
(i) Heredity: Development depends upon the potentials that child gets from his parents. These potentials decide the limit of development of a child, e.g. height, weight body structure etc.
(ii) Nutrition: The nutrition that child gets before birth or after birth affects his development. If the child gets good nutrition he develops well and complete his development tasks. His bones, muscles and internal organs also develop will.
(iii) Immunization: Immunization at proper time saves the child from various diseases. This helps the child to grow properly become weak and their body development legs behind.
(iv) Proper ventilation: Sunlight and pure air helps in good body development. Sun ruge are good source of vitamin D. Which makes bones of the child strong.
Q. 3. Good emotional development helps in establishing cordial relationships. Justify the statement in 60 words.
Ans: Emotions are natural instincts. The child experiences these emotions from early stages of his life. Emotions include physical as well as mental processes. Love, jealousy, anger, fear, disgust and rivalry are various emotions. According to “Bridges” In the beginning only feeling of general excitement is found in babies. When the baby is three months-old feelings of distress and delight emerge. When the baby feel pain he cries, when he is happy he smiles, throws his arms and legs in the air and make joyous sounds. When the child become six months old emotions of anger, fear and disgust are also developed. One year old shows the emotions of elation and effection, towards adults of joy also.
Q. 4. Distinguish between physical and motor development.
Ans: Physical Development: Growing of various organs of body like bones, muscles, internal organs and their gaining of strength is called physical development. The working capacity and capability of different organs increases during the development. It includes increase in height, weight, body, bones, sense organs and nervous system’s capacity.
II. Motor Development: As the child develops physically his nervous system, muscles, bones, etc., also get strong. They coordinate with each other in a better way. The child now attains better control over his body. As a result, he is able to do many activities. The child does these activities in order to explore his environment and tries to adjust with it. Such activities are called motor activities. Their development is called motor development.
Q. 5. Your friend has bad handwriting. Name the aspect of development in which he is lagging behind? Suggest two activities to help him to improve his handwriting.
Ans: Activities:
1. We give good practice book and revision doing to many time.
2. We give some help for teacher, father elder brother and sister.
Q. 6. Suppose a child in your locality is not provided with a stimulating environment in his home. Suggest activities which can help in promoting his cognitive development.
Ans: Cognitive Development: The process that are involved in thinking, perceiving. memorizing and understanding following instructions, exploring the environment, building with blocks, playing with toys, imitating behavior, asking questions and wanting answers are signs of cognitive development which one will see in children as they grow.
SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION
Multiple Choice Questions
Tick (✔) the correct answer:
1. The prenatal period is:
(a) 0-2 years.
(b) 2-6 years.
(c) Conception to birth.
(d) Infancy.
Ans: (c) Conception to birth.
2. The period of early childhood is:
(a) 0-2 years.
(b) 2-6 years.
(c) 6-12 years.
(d) 8-12 years.
Ans: (b) 2-6 years.
3. What is the period of adolescence?
(a) 8-10 years.
(b) 10-12 years.
(d) 12-18 years.
(c) 10-14 years.
Ans: (d) 12-18 years.
4. Which of the following process is involved in cognitive development?
(a) Thinking.
(b) Perceiving.
(c) Memorizing.
(c) All of the above.
Ans: (d) All of the above.
5. Which of the following affect development of a child?
(a) Heredity.
(b) Environment.
(c) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (c) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’.
6. Genes are present on.
(a) Chromosomes.
(b) Cells.
(c) Mitochondria.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (a) Chromosomes.
7. Where a child is only supposed to do what the parent says, it is termed as:
(a) Democratic.
(b) Permissive.
(c) Autocratic.
(d) None the above.
Ans: (c) Autocratic.
8. the parent allows the child to whatever he/she wants to do, it is termed as:
(a) Permissive.
(b) Autocratic.
(c) Democratic.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (c) Democratic.
