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NIOS Class 10 Data Entry Operation Chapter 1 Basics of Computer
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Basics of Computer
Chapter: 1
| INTEXT QUESTIONS |
1. What are the five basic operations performed by the Computer?
Ans: The five basic operations that a computer performs are:
(i) Input.
(ii) Storage.
(iii) Processing.
(iv) Output. and
(v) Control.
2. Define ALU, CU and CPU.
Ans: ALU: Arithmetic Logic Unit.
CU: Control Unit.
CPU: Central Processing Unit.
3. Choose the correct answer.
(a) The task of performing arithmetic and logical operations is called:
(i) ALU.
(ii) Editing.
(iii) Storage.
(iv) Output.
Ans: (i) ALU.
(b) The ALU and CU jointly are known as
(i) RAM.
(ii) ROM.
(iii) CPU.
(iv) None of above.
Ans: (iii) CPU.
(c) The process of producing results from the data for getting useful information is called:
(i) Output.
(ii) Input.
(iii) Processing.
(iv) Storage.
Ans: (i) Output.
| INTEXT QUESTIONS |
4. Write True or False for the following:
(a) Mouse is an output device.
Ans: False.
(b) OCR stands for Optical Content Reader.
Ans: False.
(c) LCD Monitor is used in notebook Computers.
Ans: True.
(d) Speed of DOT Matrix Printer is measured in Characters Per Second.
Ans: True.
(e) Plotters are used to produce high quality drawings and images, such as construction plans for buildings or blueprints for mechanical objects.
Ans: True.
| INTEXT QUESTIONS |
5. Write true or False for the following:
(a) Operating System (OS) is an Application Software.
Ans: False.
(b) High level languages are easy to program than low level language.
Ans: True.
(c) Computer language FORTRAN is used to solve Scientific and Mathematical problems.
Ans: True.
(d) C is an object oriented programming language.
Ans: False.
(e) Compiler converts high level languages into machine language.
Ans: True.
| TERMINAL QUESTIONS |
1. What is a computer? Draw a block diagram to illustrate the basic organisation of a computer system and explain the functions of various units.
Ans: Computer is a device that transforms data into meaningful information. Data can be anything like marks obtained by you in various subjects. It can also be name, age, sex, weight, height, etc. of all the students in a class. Computer can also be defined in terms of functions it can perform. A computer can
(i) Accept data.
(ii) Store data.
(iii) Process data as desired.
(iv) Retrieve the stored data as and when required. and
(v) Print the result in desired format.
The functions of various units.
1. Input Devices: Input devices accept data and instructions from the user.Following are the examples of various input devices, which are connected to the computer for this purpose.
(i) Keyboard: A keyboard is the most common input device. Several kinds of keyboards are available, but they resemble each other with minor variations. The keyboard in most common use is the QWERTY board. Generally standard keyboard has 104 keys. In these keyboards, the cursor control keys are duplicated to allow easier use of the numeric pad.
(ii) Mouse: Mouse A mouse is an electro-mechanical, hand-held device It is used as a pointer. It can perform functions ike selecting menu commands, moving icons, resizing windows, starting programs, and choosing options.
(iii) Light Pen: An input device that utilises a light-sensitive detector to select objects on a display screen. A light pen is similar to a mouse except that with a light pen you can move the pointer and select objects on the display screen by directly pointing to the objects with the pen.
(iv) Optical/magnetic Scanner: These devices are used for automatic data collection. The devices of this category completely eliminate manual input of data. For example, the bar-code reader is actually just a special type of image scanner. An image scanner translates printed.
(v) Touch Screen: Touch Screen Touch panel displays and pads are now being offered as alternatives to keyboard. Here the input can be given through the computer screen, that accepts the input through monitor; users touch electronic buttons displayed on the screen or they may use light pen.
(vi) Microphone for voice as input: Microphone Microphone is an input device, which takes voice as input. Voice communication is more error-prone than information through a keyboard.
There are two types of microphones available
(a) Desktop Microphone.
(b) Hand held Microphone.
(vii) Track Ball: Track Ball Trackball, a pointing device, is a mouse lying on its back to move the pointer, you rotate the ball with your thumb, your fingers, or the palm of your hand. There are usually one to three buttons next to the ball, which you use just like mouse buttons. The advantage of trackball over mouse is that the trackball is stationary so it does not require much space to use it. In addition, you can place a trackball on any type of surface, including your lap. For both these reasons, trackballs are popular pointing devices for portable computers.
2. Output Devices: Output devices return processed data that is information, back to the user.
Some of the commonly used output devices are:
(i) Monitor: Out of all the output devices, monitor is perhaps the most important output device because people interact with this device most intensively than others. Computer information is displayed, visually with a video adapter card and monitor. Information processed within the CPU, that needs to be visually displayed, is sent to video adapter. The video adapter converts information from the format used, in the same manner as a television displays information sent to it by a cable service.
(ii) Printers: After a document is created on the computer, it can be sent to a printer for a hard copy (printout). Some printers offer special features such as coloured and large page formats.
Some of the most commonly used printers are:
(a) Laser Printer.
(b) Inkjet Printer.
(c) Dot Matrix Printer.
(d) Line Printer.
(iii) Plotter: Other Peripherals: Some common computer peripherals include keyboards, mice, tablet pens, joysticks, scanners, monitors, speakers, printers, external hard drives, and media card readers. While these are the more common peripherals you’ll see on the market, this isn’t an exhaustive list.
2. What is an input device? Briefly describe various important input devices.
Ans: Input t devices accept data and instructions from the user. Following are the examples of various input devices, which are connected to the computer for this purpose.
(i) Keyboard: A keyboard is the most common input device. Several kinds of keyboards are available, but they resemble each other with minor variations. The keyboard in most common use is the QWERTY board. Generally standard keyboard has 104 keys. In these keyboards, the cursor control keys are duplicated to allow easier use of the numeric pad.
(ii) Mouse: Mouse A mouse is an electro-mechanical, hand-held device It is used as a pointer. It can perform functions like selecting menu commands, moving icons, resizing windows, starting programs, and choosing options.
(iii) Light Pen: An input device that utilises a light-sensitive detector to select objects on a display screen. A light pen is similar to a mouse except that with a light pen you can move the pointer and select objects on the display screen by directly pointing to the objects with the pen.
(iv) Optical/magnetic Scanner: These devices are used for automatic data collection. The devices of this category completely eliminate manual input of data. For example, the bar-code reader is actually just a special type of image scanner. An image scanner translates printed.
(v) Touch Screen: Touch Screen Touch panel displays and pads are now being offered as alternatives to the keyboard. Here the input can be given through the computer screen that accepts the input through the monitor; users touch electronic buttons displayed on the screen or they may use light pen.
(vi) Microphone for voice as input: Microphone Microphone is an input device, which takes voice as input. The voice communication is more error-prone than information through keyboard.
There are two types of microphones available
(a) Desktop Microphone.
(b) Handheld Microphone.
(vii) Track Ball: TrackBall Trackball, a pointing device, is a mouse lying on its back to move the pointer, you rotate the ball with your thumb, your fingers, or the palm of your hand. There are usually one to three buttons next to the ball, which you use just like mouse buttons. The advantage of trackball over mouse is that the trackball is stationary so it does not require much space to use it. In addition, you can place a trackball on any type of surface, including your lap. For both these reasons, trackballs are popular pointing devices for portable computers.
3. Discuss two basic types of monitors CRT and LCD.
Ans: Two basic types of monitors CRT and LCD are:
(i) CRT: Cathode Ray Tube (CRT): CRT or Cathode Ray Tube Monitor is the typical monitor that you see on a desktop computer. It looks a lot like a television screen, and works the same way. This type uses a large vacuum tube, called cathode ray tube (CRT).
(ii) LCD: Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD): This type of monitor are also known as flat panel monitor. Most of these employ liquid crystal displays (LCDs) to render images. These days LCD monitors are very popular. When people talk about the capabilities of various monitors, one critical statistic is the resolution of the monitor. Most monitors have a resolution of at least 800 x 600 pixels. High-end monitors can have resolutions of 1024 x 768 pixels or even 1280 x 1024 pixels. Thus monitors are available either in low resolution or in high resolution.
4. What is a software? Discuss its various categories with the help of diagram.
Ans: Computers cannot do anything on its own. It is the user who instructs the computer; what to do, how to do and when to do. In order to perform any task, you have to give a set of instructions in a particular sequence to the computer. These sets of instructions are called Programs. Software refers to a set of programs that makes the hardware perform a particular set of tasks in particular order.Software can be classified mainly into following categories and sub-categories are shown in Figure.
(i) System Software: When you switch on the computer the programs stored in ROM are executed which activates different units of your computer and makes it ready for you to work on it. This set of programs can be called system software. System softwares are sets of programs, responsible for running the computer, controlling various operations of computer systems and management of computer resources. Operating System (OS) falls under this category. An operating system is a system software that provides an interface for a user to communicate with the computer, manages hardware devices (disk drives, keyboard, monitor, etc), manages and maintains disk file systems and supports application programs. Some popular Operating systems are UNIX, Windows and Linux. Although the operating system provides all the features users need to use and maintain their systems, inevitably, they still do not meet everyone’s expectations. This has led to another type of system software called “Utilities”. These are programs that bridge the gap between the functionality of an OS and the needs of users. utility programs are a broad category of software such as compress zip)/uncompress (unzip) files software, anti virus software, split and join files software, etc.
(ii) Application Software: Application software is a set of programs, which are written to perform specific tasks, for example: An application package for managing library known as library information system is used to manage information of library such as: keeping book details, account holder details, book issue details, book return details tc. Another application package for managing student details is called student’s information system, manages student’s roll no, name, parents name, address, class, section, processing of examination results etc. Application software can be broadly.
Classified into two types:
(a) Generalised packages.
(b) Customised packages.
5. Distinguish between system and application software.
Ans: Between system and application software are:
(1) System software:
(i) System Software is the type of software which is the interface between application software and system.
(ii) In general, System software are developed using low-level language which is more compatible with the system hardware in order to interact with.
(iii) System software are essential for operating the computer hardware. Without these software, a computer may not even start or function properly.
(iv) System software is used for operating computer hardware.
(v) System software are installed on the computer when the operating system is installed.
(2) Application software:
(i) Application Software is the type of software which runs as per user request. It runs on the platform which is provide by system software.
(ii) In the case of Application software, high level language is used for their development as they are developed as some specific purpose software.
(iii) Application software are not essential for the operation of the computer. These are installed as per the user’s requirements.
(iv) Application software is used by users to perform specific task.
(v) Application software are installed according to the user’s requirements.
6. Write short notes on:
(a) Laser Printer: A laser printer produces high quality print that one normally finds in publishing. It is extremely fast and quiet. Moreover, the operation of a laser printer is easy with automatic paper loading and no smudging or messing up of ink ribbons. The fastest laser printer can print up to 200 pages per minute in monochrome (black and white) and up to 100 pages per minute in colour.
(b) High level language: To overcome the limitation, high level language has been evolved which uses normal English like, easy to understand statements to solve any problem. Higher level languages are computer independent and programming becomes quite easy and simple.
Various high level languages are given below:
(i) BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code): It is widely used, easy to learn general purpose language. Mainly used in microcomputers in earlier days.
(ii) COBOL (Common Business Oriented language): A standardised language used for commercial applications.
(iii) FORTRAN (Formula Translation): Developed for solving mathematical and scientific problems. One of the most popular languages among the scientific community.
(iv) C: Structured Programming Language used for all purposes such as scientific application, commercial application.
(v) C++: Popular object oriented programming language, used for general purpose.
(c) Compiler: The software (set of programs) that reads a program written in high level language and translates it into an equivalent program in machine language is called a Compiler.
(d) Plotter: A plotter is a special kind of output device that, like a printer, produces images on paper, but does so in a different way. Plotters Are designed to produce large drawings or images, such as construction plans for buildings or blueprints for mechanical objects. A plotter can be connected to the port normally used by printer. An array of different coloured pens in a clip rack and a robotic arm is part of the plotter.
7. Write a note on Computer language and its classification.
Ans: Languages are a means of communication. Normally people interact with each other through a language. On the same pattern, communication with computers is carried out through a language. This language is understood both by user and the machine. Just as every language like English, Hindi has its grammatical rules; every computer language is bound by rules known as SYNTAX of that language. The user is bound by that syntax while communicating with the computer system.
Its classification are given below:
(i) Low Level Language: The term low level means closeness to the way in which machines understand.
(ii) Machine Language: This is the language (in the form of 0’s and 1’s, called binary numbers) understood directly by the computer. It is machine dependent. It is difficult to learn and even more difficult to write programs.
(iii) Assembly Language: This is the language where the machine codes comprising of 0’s and 1’s are substituted by symbolic codes (called mnemonics) to improve their understanding. It is the first step to improve programming structure. assembly language programming is simpler and less time consuming than machine level programming, it is easier to locate and correct errors in assembly language than in machine language programs. It is also machine dependent. Programmers must have knowledge of the machine on which the program will run.
(iv) High Level Language We know that low level language requires extensive knowledge of the hardware since it is machine dependent. To overcome the limitation, high level language has been evolved which uses normal English like, easy to understand statements to solve any problem.
(v) Higher level languages are computer independent and programming becomes quite easy and simple.
Various high level languages are given below:
(a) BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code): It is widely used, easy to learn general purpose language. Mainly used in microcomputers in earlier days.
(b) COBOL (Common Business Oriented language): A standardised language used for commercial applications.
(c) FORTRAN (Formula Translation): Developed for solving mathematical and scientific problems. One of the most popular languages among scientific community.
(d) Structured Programming Language used for all purpose such as scientific application, commercial application, developing games etc.
(e) C++: Popular object oriented programming language, used for general purpose.
