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HSLC 2024 Geography Question Paper Solved English Medium
HSLC Old Question Paper provided is as per the 2024 Assam Board Exam and covers all the questions from the SEBA HSLC 2024 Question Paper. Access the detailed SEBA Class 10 Elective Geography 2024 Paper provided here and get a good grip on the subject. Access the HSLC 2024 Geography Question Paper Solved, Class X Geography 2024 Old Paper Question Answer in English Page Format. Make use of them during your practice and score well in the exams.
Geography Question Paper Solved
2024
ELECTIVE GEOGRAPHY OLD PAPER
ALL QUESTION ANSWER
1. Choose the correct answer:
(a) Which one of the following is an erosional feature?
(i) Sand dune.
(ii) Inselberg.
(iii) Moraine.
(iv Esker.
Ans: (ii) Inselberg.
(b) Which of the following constitutes the abiotic environment?
(i) Soil.
(ii) Water.
(iii) Air.
(iv) All of the above.
Ans: (iv) All of the above.
(c) What is the main food crop of the Equatorial region?
(i) Rice.
(ii) Wheat
(iii) Maize.
(iv) Barley.
Ans: (i) Rice.
(d) In terms of area, what is the position of the USA among the countries of the world?
(i) 7th
(ii) 6th
(iii) 5th
(iv) 4th
Ans: (iv) 4th
(e) Which one among the following island of Japan is the Largest?
(i) Kyushu.
(ii) Honshu.
(iii)Shikoku.
(iv) Hokkaido.
Ans: (ii) Honshu.
(f) Which one of the following Indian rivers is west-flowing?
(i) Mahanadi.
(ii) Krishna.
(iii) Ganga.
(iv) Narmada.
Ans: (iv) Narmada.
2. Give an example of exogenic factor of erosion.
Ans: Erosion, oxidation/reduction, mass withering, weathering, hydrating, and other exogenic factors are examples. External processes and events that occur on and above the earth’s surface are referred to as exogenic. Exogenic factors are external processes powered by the Earth’s external forces, primarily from the sun’s energy and gravity. Other examples include wind, glaciers, and waves.
3. Mention two types of sand dune.
Ans: Two types of sand dune are:
1. Transverse dune: Transverse dunes are large, elongated sand dunes that form at right angles to the direction of the wind. They typically develop in areas with a plentiful sand supply and consistent wind
2. Linear/longitudinal dune: Linear dunes and longitudinal dunes are the same thing and longitudinal dune straight crest lines and rounded crest. Straight longitudinal dunes may display parallel or adjoining planforms.
4. What is acid rain?
Ans: Acid rain is caused by the harmful gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, react with moisture present in air, they form nitric acid and sulphuric acid. These acids when dropping down on earth along with rain is called acid rain.
5. Give an example of a functional region.
Ans: Examples of functional regions include metropolitan areas where suburbs rely on a central city for jobs, services, and commerce.
6. What is the position of the United States of America in terms of population among the countries of the world?
Ans: The United States is the third most populated country in the world, with a population of 346,164,298 as of November 24, 2024. This is equivalent to 4.23% of the world’s population.
7. Mention one important city of Central Japan Region.
Ans: One important city of the Central Japan Region is Nagoya.
8. Which industrial region of India is famous for iron and steel production?
Ans: The Jamshedpur Industrial Region of India is famous for iron and steel production.
9. Define geomorphology.
Ans: Geomorphology is the study of landforms and their development. The topic deals with the description of landforms, and the process and forces acting on Earth’s surface to generate these landforms and landform changes. Geomorphology helps understand natural hazards, land use, and the impact of environmental changes on landscapes.
10. Mention two characteristics of the High Mountainous region.
Ans: Two characteristics of the High Mountainous region are:
(i) Steep Slopes: Steep slopes are legally defined as hillsides having a 15 foot, or greater, vertical rise over 100 feet of horizontal run, or 15% slope .
(ii) Low Temperatures: Due to high altitudes, the region experiences cooler temperatures, with snow-covered peaks and harsh weather conditions, especially at higher elevations.
11. What is a hydrological cycle?
Ans: The hydrological cycle, also known as the water cycle. is the continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere. It involves processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. Water circulates between oceans, atmosphere, and land, sustaining ecosystems and regulating the planet’s climate.
12. Mention two consequences of deforestation.
Ans: Two consequences of deforestation are:
(i) Soil erosion: Soil Erosion is the process that erodes, breaks or gradually diminishes things down.
(ii) Climate change: Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. These changes have a broad range of observed effects that are synonymous with the term.
13. Define ‘Regional Geography’.
Ans: Regional geography is defined as a field of study that focuses on the relationships between various phenomena within different regions, emphasizing the uniqueness and specificity of each region rather than general rules or patterns observed globally.
14. Write the names of two states located in the Rice and Sugarcane Belt of the USA.
Ans: The names of two states located in the Rice and Sugarcane Belt of the USA are Louisiana and Arkansas.
15. Mention two rivers flowing in the Appalachian Highlands region of the USA.
Ans: Two rivers flowing in the Appalachian Highlands region of the USA are Tennessee river and Ohio river.
16. Mention two major crops of the West Kanto region of Japan.
Ans: Two major crops of the West Kanto region of Japan are rice and vegetables.
17. White the names of two industrial regions of Japan.
Ans: Two major industrial regions of Japan are Keihin Industrial Region and Hanshin Industrial Region.
18. Write two physical characteristics of the South-West Japan region.
Ans: The South-West Japan region has several notable physical characteristics are Mountainous Terrain, Coastal Landscapes, Islands, Active Volcanoes and Coastal Landscapes.
19. Write the names of two major mountains located in the Deccan Plateau region.
Ans: Two major mountains located in the Deccan Plateau region of India are Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
20. Mention two characteristics of the Indian monsoon climate.
Ans: Two characteristics of the Indian monsoon climate are:
(i) The duration of the monsoon is between 100 to 120 days from early June to mid-September.
(ii) The rainfall is unevenly distributed across the Indian landscape.
21. What is moraine? What are its Different types?
Ans: A moraine is material left behind by a moving glacier. This material is usually soil and rock. Different types of moraines are lateral moraines, medial moraines, supraglacial moraines, and terminal moraines.
22. What is water pollution? Mention two causes of water pollution.
Ans: Water pollution is the release of substances into bodies of water that makes water unsafe for human use and disrupts aquatic ecosystems. Water pollution can be caused by a plethora of different contaminants, including toxic waste, petroleum, and disease-causing microorganisms.
Two causes of water pollution are:
(i) Industrial Discharge: Factories and industries release harmful chemicals, heavy metals, and untreated wastewater into rivers, lakes, and oceans, contaminating the water.
(ii) Agricultural Runoff: The use of pesticides, fertilizers, and herbicides in farming can wash into nearby water bodies, leading to pollution and harming aquatic life.
23. Write a note on global warming.
Ans: Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to human activities, particularly the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O). These gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, creating the “greenhouse effect” and causing the planet to warm up. The primary sources of these emissions include burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) for energy, deforestation, agriculture, and industrial processes.
Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth’s surface observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere. This term is not interchangeable with the term “climate change.”
24. Write briefly about the geographical condition of the Tundra region.
Ans: The tundra climate region geographically located between 60° and 75° of latitude, mostly along the Arctic coast of North America and Eurasia and on the coastal margins of Greenland. In such areas, winters are long and cold especially in the region north of the Arctic Circle.The Tundra region is characterized by extreme cold temperatures, short summers, and long, harsh winters. It is found in high latitudes, particularly in the Arctic and parts of Antarctica, as well as in alpine areas at high altitudes. The landscape is mostly flat, with frozen soil known as permafrost, which remains permanently frozen. Vegetation is sparse, consisting mainly of mosses, lichens, grasses, and small shrubs due to the cold climate and short growing seasons.
25. Briefly describe the location and spatial extent of the continent of Africa.
Ans: Africa is the second-largest continent in the world, both in terms of area and population. It is located primarily in the Eastern Hemisphere, with the Equator passing through its central region, dividing it into northern and southern halves.
It is divided in half almost equally by the Equator. The continent includes the islands of Cape Verde, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, and Comoros. Africa spans about 30.37 million square kilometers, comprising 54 countries, and is rich in diverse landscapes, including deserts, savannas, rainforests, and mountains.
26. Briefly describe the physiographic Characteristics of the continent of Asia.
Ans: Asia can be divided into five major physical regions: mountain systems; plateaus; plains, steppes, and deserts; freshwater environments; and saltwater environments. The Himalaya mountains extend for about 2,500 kilometers (1,550 miles), separating the Indian subcontinent from the rest of Asia. In the south, Asia is marked by fertile river valleys like those of the Ganges and Mekong, supporting dense populations and agriculture. The Indian Ocean to the south, the Pacific Ocean to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west shape the coastal areas. Asia also has extensive islands and archipelagos, such as the Philippines and Indonesia, along with extensive tropical rainforests in regions like Southeast Asia.
27. Throw light in Brief about the economic activities of the USA.
Ans: The United States is a highly developed mixed economy. It is the world’s largest economy by nominal GDP; it is also the second largest by purchasing power parity (PPP), behind China. The U.S. is a leading producer of corn, wheat, soybeans, and livestock like cattle and poultry, with significant agricultural export The largest economic sector, with significant contributions from finance, real estate, healthcare, education, and technology. Cities like New York and San Francisco are major financial and tech hubs. The U.S. is a global leader in automobiles, aerospace, electronics, and chemical manufacturing. Key industries like machinery and construction equipment are also vital.
28. Briefly write the locational significance of India.
Ans: The Indian landmass has a central location between the East and the West Asia. India is a southward extension of the Asian Continent. The trans-Indian Ocean routes which connect the countries of Europe in the west and the countries of East Asia provide a strategic central location to India. India shares borders with major countries like China, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, which influences its political and economic relationships within Asia. Its proximity to Middle Eastern countries enhances trade, especially in petroleum and natural resources. The vast coastline of over 7,500 km along the Indian Ocean provides India with crucial maritime access to Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, making it an important maritime trade center. This also gives India a strategic advantage in global shipping routes.
29. Write a short note on Hooghly industrial region of India.
Ans: The Hooghly Industrial Region is located in the state of West Bengal, primarily along the banks of the Hooghly River, which is a tributary of the Ganges. It is one of the most prominent industrial hubs in eastern India, with Kolkata, the state capital, at its center. The region is known for its diverse industrial activities, including jute manufacturing, textiles, engineering, chemicals, and iron and steel industries. The Hooghly Industrial Belt or Kolkata Industrial Belt is India’s oldest and second largest Industrial area (Silpancalasilpancalati) the banks of the Hooghly river in the north to the south of Triveni-Kalyani, Uluberia-Biralapura 100 km long and 15–10 km wide zone to the industrial development of the Kolkata district.
30. Write a note on the Characteristics of the Tropical Hot Desert region.
Ans: The Tropical Hot Desert region is characterized by extreme aridity, high temperatures, and minimal rainfall, often less than 250 mm annually. These regions experience intense daytime heat and sharp temperature drops at night. Vegetation is sparse, consisting mainly of drought-resistant plants like cacti, shrubs, and thorny bushes. The soil is sandy or rocky, with low organic content. Water sources are scarce, typically found in oases. Hot deserts, such as the Sahara and the Thar, also face frequent dust storms. Wildlife includes species adapted to arid conditions, such as camels, snakes, and scorpions, showcasing unique survival adaptations to harsh environments. A hot desert is a hot and dry area with very little precipitation and low biodiversity. Most, but not all, hot deserts are found near the equator. Hot deserts can form as a result of prevailing wind patterns or from the rain shadow effect. Soils in hot deserts are dry and lacking in nutrients.
31. Briefly describe the Characteristics of agriculture in Japan.
Ans: The Characteristics of agriculture in Japan are:
(i) Small and Fragmented Farmlands: Due to Japan’s hilly terrain and dense population, farmlands are small and fragmented.
(ii) Intensive and Scientific Cultivation: To maximize yields, intensive farming methods are employed, using fertilizers and advanced techniques.
(iii) Diverse Agricultural Practices: Practices like terrace cultivation, mixed farming, inter-culture farming, and shifting cultivation are common.
(iv) Dominance of Rice Cultivation: Rice is the primary crop, occupying about two-thirds of the cultivated land.
(v) Climate and Soil Influence: Landforms, climate, and soil significantly influence crop distribution and productivity
32. Briefly discuss the Distribution of rainfall in India.
Ans: India exhibits a diverse distribution of rainfall due to its varied topography and monsoonal influences. High rainfall areas, receiving more than 300 cm annually, include the foothills of the Himalayas, the southern parts of the Meghalaya Plateau, and the western slopes of the Western Ghats. Notably, Mawsynram and Cherrapunji in Meghalaya exceed 400 cm of annual rainfall, making them some of the wettest places on Earth. In contrast, low rainfall regions such as the Thar Desert and surrounding areas in Rajasthan receive less than 50 cm annually, with some locations experiencing rainfall below 20 cm. Similarly, the northern and western Deccan Plateau and parts of Gujarat receive between 50 cm and 100 cm. Moderate rainfall areas, including the northern plains and the Brahmaputra Plain, experience an average annual rainfall of 100 cm to 200 cm. This variation significantly impacts agriculture, vegetation, and water availability across the country.
33. Draw a sketch map of India and Locate the Following in it:
(a) Western Ghats.
(b) Gangtok.
Ans:
Or
(Only for Blind Candidates)
Briefly describe the pattern of population density variation in India.
Ans: India is the second largest populous country in the world. In the case of population its position is next to China. The entire population of the country is composed of various human groups and societies, and so its population structure is notably important. Mainly the Austro Asiatic, Mongoloid, Aryan and Dravidian groups of people have been living in India since time immemorial. Social relations among the people have grown up as different communities and social groups have been living together in the country. Because of such relations grown through mixing of different communities and social groups, the vast and diverse Indian society has emerged.
34. Describe the rivers of South America.
Ans: South America is home to some of the world’s largest and most significant river systems. The Amazon River, the world’s largest by volume, flows through the Amazon rainforest, covering multiple countries and supporting rich biodiversity. The Paraná-Paraguay system, including the Río de la Plata, is vital for agriculture and hydroelectric power. The Orinoco River in Venezuela and Colombia forms extensive floodplains and supports diverse ecosystems. Other notable rivers include the Magdalena in Colombia, the São Francisco in Brazil, and the Uruguay River. These rivers play crucial roles in transportation, irrigation, and sustaining the livelihoods of millions across the continent.
35. Discuss the physical characteristics of the Central Plain region of the USA.
Ans: The physical characteristics of the Central Plain region of the USA are:
(i) Geographical Location: The Central Plain lies between the Rocky Mountains in the west and the Appalachian Highlands in the east, extending from the Great Lake Region in the north to the Mexico Coast in the south.
(ii) Topography: It is a vast, extensive plain with an average altitude of less than 300 meters above sea level, characterized by few hillocks. The region is part of the Mississippi-Missouri basin.
(iii) Agricultural Suitability: The region is highly fertile, primarily due to the Mississippi-Missouri rivers and their tributaries, making it ideal for agriculture.
(iv) Flooding: The area is prone to frequent flooding, especially in the delta region.
