Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Challenges of Nation Building The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Assam Board HS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Challenges of Nation Building and select needs one.
Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Challenges of Nation Building
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LONG ANSWER
Q. 1. Discuss the two challenges that India had to face immediately after independence.
Ans : Immediately after independence there were many challenges or problems in independent India that needed a solution.
The challenges are the following :
(i) To shape a nation :- The first and foremost challenge was the political unification and integration of the territory. India is a land of Continental sizes and diversity. Their around 600 states of varying sizes and population. The partition of the country appeared to prove everyone’s worst fears. Hence there was a serious question about the future India, i.e. would India survive as unified country.
(ii) To establish democratic form of government :- The second challenge was to establish democratic form of government. Democracy in function according to constitutional norms. This means India will have representative democracy based on the parliamentary form of government.
(iii) To ensure the development and well being of the society :- The third challenge came in the way to evolve effective policies for economic development and eradication of poverty and unemployment. The Indian Constitution set out in the Directive Principles of State Policy the welfare goals that democratic politics must achieve.
Q. 2. Explain the ‘Two Nation Theory’ in brief.
Ans : In 1947, India was divided into two Nation States India and Pakistan. The division was based on the Two Nation Theory advocated by Muslim League which said that India consisted of not one but ‘two people’ Hindus and Muslims. That is why it demanded Pakistan a separate country for the Muslims. The Congress absolutely oppose this theory. But several political developments in 1940’s, the political competition between the Congress and Muslim League and the British role led to the decision for the creation of Pakistan.
Q. 3. What did the word ‘Division Of Hearts Imply’. Discuss ?
Ans : The words Division Of Hearts are related to the traumatic process of partition of India into two sovereign States. Writers, poets and film makers in India and Pakistan have expressed the ruthlessness of the killing and the suffering of displacement and violence in their novels, short stories, poems and films. While recounting the trauma of partition the survivors of partition and called as Division Of Hearts.
Q. 4. Gandhiji’s action when not like it by all. If so why explain.
Ans : Gandhiji’s actions were not like by all at a whole. Extremists in both the communities blame him for their critical conditions. He was basically disliked by those who wanted Hindus to take revenge or who wanted India to become a country for the Hindus just like Pakistan was for Muslim. They accused Gandhiji for acting in the interest of the Muslims and Pakistan. His stead fast pursuit Hindu Muslim Unity provoke Hindu extremist so that they made several attempts to assassinate Gandhiji.
| Sl. No. | CONTENTS |
| Unit 1 | PART – 1 |
| Chapter 1 | The Cold War Era |
| Chapter 2 | The End of Bipolarity |
| Chapter 3 | US Hegemony in World Politics |
| Chapter 4 | Alternative Centres Of Power |
| Chapter 5 | Contemporary South Asia |
| Chapter 6 | International Organisations |
| Chapter 7 | Security In The Contemporary World |
| Chapter 8 | Environment And Natural Resources |
| Chapter 9 | Globalisation |
| Unit 2 | PART – 2 |
| Chapter 1 | Era of One-Party Dominance |
| Chapter 2 | Challenges of Nation Building |
| Chapter 3 | Politics Of Planned Development |
| Chapter 4 | India’s External Relations |
| Chapter 5 | Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System |
| Chapter 6 | The Crisis of Democratic Order |
| Chapter 7 | Rise of Popular Movements |
| Chapter 8 | Regional Aspirations |
| Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in India Politics |
Q. 5. What were British Indian provinces ? How did they differ from the Princely States ?
Ans : British India was divided into British Indian provinces and the Princely States. The British Indian provinces were directly under the control of the British government.
On the other hand, several large and small states ruled by princess, called the princely states, enjoyed some form of control over their internal affairs as long as they accepted. British Supremacy, which was called paramountly or Suzemainty of the British crown. Princely states covered one-third of the land area of the British Indian Empire and one cut of four Indians lined under princely rule.
Q. 6. Explain any four factors which determine Nation-building ?
Ans : Nation-building as a multi-dimensional process required new approach. The first need was to develop a sense of collective consciousness among people so that the nation recovering from the pitfalls of partition and refugee migration could give social Security to its citizens. Further the economic depletion had to be stopped by setting the path of economic development. The parliamentary institutions and steel frame Bureaucratic Raj adopted from the west failed to live upto the expectations. All the made the process of development the only visible symbol of unity in post independent India.
Q. 7. Mention four features of the Indian language problem ?
Ans : India’s language problem is very much complicated. It is a formidable problem in the way of national integration. The language controversy started with Hindi being given the status of official language of India. People, speaking non-Hindi language, specially those in South India protested and demanded secession from India. The question of language is a sensitive one and people get easily provoleed over the issue.
Q. 8. Discuss the events related to partition of India ?
Ans : Same as Ans Of Q. No. 2. (Long Answer)
Q. 9. What were the consequences of the partition of India in 1947 ?
Ans : Same as Ans Of Q. No. 3. (Very Long Answer)
Q. 10. Explain in details Kashmir Accession of India ?
Ans : In 1947, when India was partitioned, Maharaja Hari Singh, The Hindu ruler of Muslim dominated Kashmir, dreamt of an independent state of Kashmir. In the meantime, Pakistan sent Pakistani tribal armies to Kashmir to disturb the peace of Kashmir and force the Maharaja to join Pakistan. Alarmed at this intrusion, Hari Singh asked India for assistance. However, India asked him to sign instrument of accession and after Sheikh Abdullah, the leader of the National Conference of Kashmir assented India accepted the merger of Jammu and Kashmir to India. India then sent its forces to Kashmir by Pakistan’s and military 82 troopers aiding Azad Kashmir movement.
There was sudden fault to the war as the matter went to United Nations. The United Nations Security Council to pass a resolution to bring the war to permanent and. But till that no solution has been pronounced by UN as Pakistan has close links with USA, the dominant Nation in United Nations.
The dispute, however, has carried on since then the Kashmir is an integral part of India because as per Indian Independence Act, the princely states were free to join India and Pakistan. It is a legal instrument and not invalid as claimed by Pakistan.
Q. 11. Write a note on people’s movement on Hyderabad ?
Ans : “Hyderabad” was the largest museum state of Indian territory. The ruler of this largest territory was known as Nizam and he was one of the world’s richest man. Like the princely states of Junagadh and Bhopal, Hyderabad’s ruler also did not have the intention to join India or Pakistan. He wanted to remain independent and entered into standstill agreement.
On the other hand, the people of Hyderabad were not happy with the non democratic rule of Nizam. The Nizam committed atrocities on the minorities including women and children. He asked high amount of tax from farmers who are non Muslims. His crime were mainly done by Raja kars who are the military of the Nizam. In the meantime movement of the people of Hyderabad state against the Nizam rule gathered force.
In retaliation the Nizam responded by unleashing a parliamentary force called the Raja kars on the people. Ultimately the central government had to order the army to tackle the situation. In September 1948 Indian Army moved in to control the nizam’s force. The Nizam was arrested in the Indian government took charge of the administration of Hyderabad. The Nizam signed instrument of accession with India. From this point onwards Hyderabad was made and integral part of India.
Q. 12.”Independence for India was not the path of roses”- Exlain ?
Ans : Immediately after independence there were many challenges or problems in independent India that needed a solution.
The challenges are the following :
(i) To shape a nation :- The first and foremost challenge was the political unification and integration of the territory. India is a land of Continental sizes and diversity. Their around 600 states of varying sizes and population. The partition of the country appeared to prove everyone’s worst fears. Hence there was a serious question about the future India, i.e. would India survive as unified country.
(ii) To establish democratic form of government :- The second challenge was to establish democratic form of government. Democracy in function according to constitutional norms. This means India will have representative democracy based on the parliamentary form of government.
(iii) To ensure the development and well being of the society :- The third challenge came in the way to evolve effective policies for economic development and eradication of poverty and unemployment. The Indian Constitution set out in the Directive Principles of State Policy the welfare goals that democratic politics must achieve.
Q. 13. Write a note on Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel ?
Ans : Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played a historical role in negotiating with the rulers of princely states. He was India’s Deputy Prime Minister and the home minister during the integration of Indian states. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was firm and dedicated leader of the freedom struggle of India.
VERY LONG ANSWER
Q. 1. Explain the two goals for the independent India to achieve as it easy to fulfill them ?
Ans : The two goals for the independent India to achieve as it easy to fulfill them are :
(i) India to be governed by a democratic principles that means the government should be democratic one.
(ii) Secondly, the government to be run by all for the good of all classes of people, particularly the poor and the socially disadvantaged groups. Now, that the country was independent, the time had come to realise the promise of freedom.
Q. 2. Describe the three challenges that India had to accept.
Ans : Immediately after independence there were many challenges or problems in independent India that needed a solution.
The challenges are the following :
(i) To shape a nation :- The first and foremost challenge was the political unification and integration of the territory. India is a land of Continental sizes and diversity. Their around 600 states of varying sizes and population. The partition of the country appeared to prove everyone’s worst fears. Hence there was a serious question about the future India, i.e. would India survive as unified country.
(ii) To establish democratic form of government :- The second challenge was to establish democratic form of government. Democracy in function according to constitutional norms. This means India will have representative democracy based on the parliamentary form of government.
(iii) To ensure the development and well being of the society :- The third challenge came in the way to evolve effective policies for economic development and eradication of poverty and unemployment. The Indian Constitution set out in the Directive Principles of State Policy the welfare goals that democratic politics must achieve.
Q. 3. Explain the consequences of partition.
Ans : The partition of India in 1947 brought tragic consequences. In fact it was holocaust :
(i) Communal Clash :-
(a) In the name of religion people of one community ruthlessly killed and maimed people of the other community.
(b) There were killings and atrocities on both sides of the border. Cities like Lahore, Amritsar and Kolkata became divided into communal zones.
(ii) Social Trauma :-
(a) People went through immense sufferings. They were forced to abandon their homes and move across borders. Minorities on both sides of the border were the most suffers. The women and children were mostly the victims.
(b) Many children were separated from their families and the women were raped and abucted. In many cases women were killed by their family members to preserve the family honour.
(iii) Administrative concerns :-
(a) Apart from geographical division of India there was division of Administrative Apparatus. The employees of Government and the Railways were also divided.
(b) Financial assists and things like tables, chairs, typewriters, paper Flip Books and also musical instruments of police band.
Q. 4. Discuss the three considerations of government approach in regard to integration.
Ans : that reconsideration of government approach in regard to integration are :
(i) Firstly, the people of most of the princely states clearly wanted to become part of the Indian Union.
(ii) The government was prepared to be flexible in giving autonomy to some regions. The idea was to accommodate plurality and flexible approach in dealing with the demands of the regions.
(iii) Thirdly, in the backdrop of partition which brought into focus the contest over demarcation of territory, the integration and consolidation of the territorial boundaries of the nation had assumed supreme importance.
Q. 5. When was the States Reorganisation Commission appointed? Discuss its function.
Ans : State Reorganisation Commission was formed in 1953 by mark he internal boundaries of India. This Commission submitted its report in the year in 1956 which recommended division of India into 14 states and 6 union territories.
The function of this commission are :
(a) The States Reorganisation Commission looked into the the question of redrawing of the boundaries of state.
(b) The commission in his report accepted that the boundaries of the state should reflect the boundaries of different languages.
(c) It recommended the formation of linguistic states i.e. linguistic reorganization. This recommendation in turn gave some uniform basis to the drawing of state boundaries.
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