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Class 12 AHSEC 2020 Swadesh Adhyayan Question Paper Solved English Medium
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SWADESH ADHAYAN
2020
SWADESH ADHAYAN OLD QUESTION PAPER SOLVED
1. Find out the correct answers from the following:
(a) Out of the total basin area of the Brahmaputra, how much area falls in India ?
(i) 50.5%
(ii) 33.6%
(iii) 8.1%
(iv) 7.8%
Ans: (i) 50.5%.
(b) In which state of North Eastern Region the population density is found to be highest ?
(i) Mizoram
(ii) Sikkim
(iii) Arunachal
(iv) Nagaland
Ans: (iii) Arunachal.
(c) How many bamboo species are found in Assam ?
(1) 10
(ii) 28
(iii) 38
(iv) 42
Ans: (iii) 38.
(d) In which district, the Nameri National Park is situated ?
(i) Baksa
(ii) Udalguri
(iii) Sonitpur
(iv) Dibrugarh
Ans: (iii) Sonitpur.
(e) Of the total production in India, what percent of crude oil is produced in Assam ?
(i) 17
(ii) 22
(iii) 27
(iv) 34
Ans: (iii) 27.
(f) In which district of Assam, the Panidehing Wildlife Sanctuary is situated ?
(i) Nagaon
(ii) Sivasagar
(iii) Karbi Anglong
(iv) Kokrajhar
Ans: (ii) Sivasagar.
2. Write short answer of the following:
(a) Write the names of two hill districts of Assam.
Ans: North Cachar Hills and Karbi Anglong.
(b) Name the districts of Assam having the highest and lowest population density.
Ans: Kamrup Metropolitan District.
(c) Name two indices used to measure species diversity.
Ans: species richness and species evenness.
(d) Give the names of two popular cylindrical projections.
Ans: Types of cylindrical map projections you may know include the popular Mercator projection, Cassini, Gauss-Kruger, Miller, Behrmann, Hobo-Dyer, and Gall-Peters.
3. Answer the following questions:
Ans:
(a) Why the river Brahmaputra is called the lifeline of North Eastern Region?
Ans: led Assam to sustain its World Heritage sites and Mega Biodiversity hotspots.
(b) Write the reasons why the population density is low in the hill districts of Assam.
Ans: The hilly, dissected, rocky nature of the terrain, moderate to low rainfall, and shallow, infertile soil has influenced population density adversely in these areas. Northern plains of India and Kerala have very high population density, due to the flat plains with fertile soils and abundant rainfall.
(c) Briefly explain the characteristics of bio-diversity in Assam.
Ans: Assam’s mammalian diversity is represented by 193 species which are widely distributed in this region. But of late some of the species like one horned rhinoceros, water buffalo, pigmy hog, swamp deer, golden langur, hoolock gibbon have their distribution limited to isolated pockets and protected areas.
(d) Mention the geographical causes responsible for transport and communication backwardness in Assam.
Ans: Transportation is a measure of the relations between areas and is, therefore, an essential aspect of geography” (Ullman, 1954: 311). The economic relations between areas are reflected in the character of transportation facilities and in the flow of traffic.
Wagner (1960: 129) has stated, “the routes along which men, materials, and messages move bind a society together.
(e) Write the definition of map scale and mention the main types.
Ans: A map showing the entire world would be considered a small scale map whereas a map showing a neighborhood would be considered a large scale map. provides the relationship between the map and the whole or a part of the earth’s surface shown on it.
two main types map scale
Bar scales and lexical scales.
4. (a) What do you understand by Remote Sensing ? Discuss briefly the application of GIS in geographical studies.
Ans: As the name suggests, remote sensing is a technique that allows users to remotely capture information of the Earth’s terrain that is filled with valuable geodata – geological features (soil structure), drainage, ocean and hydrology, agriculture lands, construction projects and many many more.
Remote sensing provides another tool that can be integrated into a GIS. Remote sensing includes imagery and other data collected from satellites, balloons, and drones.
Finally, GIS can also include data in table or spreadsheet form, such as population demographics.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have different applications, and technological advancements have significantly enhanced GIS data, specifically how it can be used and what can be achieved as a result. Geographic Information Systems is a decision-making tools for any business or industry since it allows the collection, storage, management and analysis of environmental, demographic, and topographic data.
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(b) Write the main reasons of slow industrial growth in Assam. Mention the problems faced by the bell and brass metal industries of the state.
Ans: The main reason for slow Industrial development are:
(i) There is a lack of comprehensive and integrated planning for Industrial development through proper resource utilisation. (ii) The agro-based Industries haven’t made much headway despite good prospects.
Several indigenous industries in the country, especially the Bell Metal industry of Assam are facing problems like lack of technology upgradation, shrinking market, lack of advance skill/tools, increased prices of raw material, coal and other fuels, scarcity of raw material and lack of product diversification.
5. Find out the correct answers from the following:
(a) In which year the historic Yandaboo Treaty was signed ?
(1) 1823
(ii) 1825
(iii) 1826
(iv) 1828
Ans: (iii) 1826.
(b) In which year the Indian National Congress decided to start Quit India Movement ?
(i) 1828
(ii) 1920
(iii) 1935
(iv) 1942
Ans: (iv) 1942.
(c) In which year the battle of Saraighat was fought between the Ahoms and Mughals ?
(i) 1671
(ii) 1757
(iii) 1832
(iv) 1872
Ans: (i) 1671.
(d) Which one is the first oil refinery established in Assam ?
(i) Noonmati
(ii) Digboi
(iii) Bangaigaon
(iv) Numaligarh
Ans: (ii) Digboi.
(e) In which state the ‘chipko’ movement was started in India ?
(i) Bihar
(ii) West Bengal
(iii) Uttarakhand
(iv) Rajasthan
Ans: (iii) Uttarakhand
(f) How many wildlife sanctuaries are there in Assam ?
(i) 5
(ii) 8
(iii) 11
(iv) 17
Ans: (iv) 17.
6. Write short answers of the following:
(a) Name two places of peasant uprise in Assam against the British Tax Policy.
Ans: Battle of Patharughat & Patharughat massacre.
(b) In which years the deportation of foreign national movement was started and ‘Assam Accord’ was signed between the Prime Minister of India and All Assam Students’ Union ?
Ans: The Assam Accord has been signed on 15th August, 1985 amongst Union of India, Govt. of Assam, All Assam Student of Union, All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad. To implement the various Clauses of Assam Accord a new Department has been established in the name of “Implementation of Assam Accord Department” during the year 1986.
(c) Name two items made from elephant tusks.
Ans: okimono, netsukes, jewelry, flatware handles, furniture inlays, and piano keys.
(d) In which years the two earthquakes measured above 8 Richter occurred in Assam ?
Ans: The Assam earthquake of 1897 occurred on 12 June 1897, in Assam, British India at 11:06 UTC, and had an estimated moment magnitude of 8.2–8.3. It resulted in approximate 1,542 human casualties and caused catastrophic damage to infrastructures.
7. Answer the following questions:
(a) Explain the causes of Phulaguri Peasant Movement of 1861.
Ans: The main causes for the Phulaguri uprising of 1861 by peasants were:
1. The immediate cause was high taxes that was enforced by the British on the Assam farmers. The British also imposed taxes on forest products made from cane, wood, bamboo, and so on. They had also introduced income tax for the first time
2. Poppy cultivation was banned since the British wanted to take over the trading in opium themselves
3. Along with the land revenue under Ryotwari system, the Brtish introduced other oppressive tax measures which were not consistent the peasants’ income level as well as the economic situation at that time.
In October 1861, the farmer rebellion in Phulaguri, Middle Assam, was the first ever peasant uprising within Indian liberty movement, much before the Champaran movement took place under Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership.
(b) Write briefly the impact on society culture and economy of Assam for population migration.
Ans: After independence of India, the affect of migration to Assam was the highest. Illegal migration from Bangladesh is largely responsible for the demographic transformation of Assam. The claim of massive and continuing migration can be proved through the high decadal population growth rate of Assam since 1901.
(c) Write a note on handloom textile industries of Assam
Ans: Assam’s silk fabrics have earned immense recognition from all over the world. The state is home to several types of silks, the most prominent and prestigious being muga, the golden silk exclusive to this state. Muga apart, there is paat, and eri, the latter being used in the manufacture of warm clothes.
The handloom industry is the country’s largest cottage industry, with 23.77 lakh looms. It is also the second-largest employment provider in the rural region employing more than 3 million people in direct and allied activities.
India produces several traditional products such as sarees, kurtas, shawls, ghaghra cholis, lungies, fashion accessories, bedspreads, etc. In the contemporary product category, the country produces fashion fabrics, western dresses, bed linens, drapes, kitchen linen, decorative furnishings and rug durries, etc.
(d) Write a brief note on the importance of Majuli island.
Ans: Majuli is a picturesque, lush green and pollution-free river island in the mighty River Brahmaputra. It is the world’s largest river island and it attracts tourists from all over the world. Majuli is also a strong contender for a place in UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites. Mostly inhabited by Tribals, the culture of Majuli is unique.
It is also called the cultural capital of Assam. The festivals celebrated here are all full of joy and vibrance with a lot of music and dance. The main festival in the town of Majuli is called Raas and seeing it is a fascinating experience.
Majuli is a mystic place that is wrapped in history and culture. It is the biggest river island in the world, and home to the Sattriya culture, which has been playing a pivotal role in binding together different ethnic groups of the region through the spread of religious ideologies of Neo-Vaishnavism and its cultural traditions since the 15th century.
It is the world’s largest river island and it attracts tourists from all over the world.
(e) Write briefly on development of railway communication in Assam.
Ans: Since the beginning of the present century rail transport has been getting changed in its structure. It is observed that since 1902 railway development in Assam was meaningful in the sense that Assam was connected with the two great ports by two lines, one the Eastern Bengal Railway extended from Calcutta to Dhubri in 1902 and the other, the Assam Bengal Railway extended from Chittagong to Dibrugarh in 1904.
The first railway line to be constructed was the Dibru-Sadiya line between 1882 and 1884 connecting the tea, timber. coal and oil producing areas specially in Tinsukia and Dibrugarh district. It was followed by Construction of Jorhat Provincial Railway in 1885 between Mariani and Titabor area with Kokilamukh. In the same year Balipara tea producing area was connected to Tezpur. The railway line from Guwahati to Lumding began to be constructed in 1897. Dhubri was connected to Calcutta in 1902.
8. (a) Discuss the pre-conditions and results of Yandaboo Treaty.
Ans: The Treaty of Yandaboo was signed by Gen. Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first instalment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war.
Some of the pre-conditions that led to the signing of the Yandabo Treaty include the British desire for greater control over trade routes and the Burmese desire to maintain their sovereignty and control over their territories. The war had also resulted in significant loss of life and resources on both sides, making it desirable for both parties to negotiate a settlement.
The Yandabo Treaty had several important results. One of the most significant was the cession of Assam, Manipur, and Arakan to the British East India Company. The treaty also granted the British the right to establish trading posts in various Burmese cities, including Rangoon, and ensured that British merchants would be granted fair treatment and protection.
Additionally, the Yandabo Treaty established a fixed boundary between British India and Burma and required the Burmese Kingdom to pay a large indemnity to the British as compensation for the cost of the war. Overall, the treaty marked a significant shift in the balance of power in Southeast Asia, as the British gained a stronger foothold in the region and the Burmese Kingdom began to decline in influence.
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(b) Write a historical note on the discovery of mineral oil and oil based industries in Assam.
Ans: The discovery of oil in Assam played a critical role in the development of the modern oil industry in India.
The first indication of the presence of oil in Assam was noted in the early 19th century by British geologists. However, it was not until the late 19th century that significant deposits of oil were discovered in the region. The first commercial oil well in Assam was drilled in 1867 by the Assam Railways and Trading Company (ARTC) at Digboi. The oil produced by this well was used primarily for lubrication purposes.
Over the years, the ARTC expanded its operations and set up refineries to process the oil. The demand for oil in India grew rapidly, and soon other companies such as the Burmah Oil Company, the Indian Oil Corporation, and the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) entered the scene.
The development of the oil industry in Assam led to significant economic growth in the region. The oil refineries provided employment opportunities to the local population, and the revenues generated from the industry helped fund the development of infrastructure and other projects in the region.
However, the oil industry in Assam also had its share of controversies. The exploitation of oil resources led to environmental degradation, displacement of indigenous communities, and socio-economic disparities. These issues continue to be a matter of concern and debate in the region.
Despite the challenges, the discovery of mineral oil in Assam remains a significant event in the history of India’s industrialization. It paved the way for the development of the modern oil industry in India and helped drive the country’s economic growth.
